Midterm 2: Brain areas related questions Flashcards
Where in the brain is the phonological loop?
(Working memory model)
Broca’s and Wernicke’s area
Where in the brain is the visuospatial sketchpad?
(Working memory model)
Occipital lobe
Where in the brain is the Episodic buffer?
(Working memory model)
Parietal lobe
Where in the brain is the Central Executive?
(Working memory model)
Frontal lobe
Define dissociative amnesia.
Which parts of the brain does it imply?
Response to trauma. Retrograde amnesia for episodic-autobiographical memories. Leads to shifts in lifestyle.
Hypo-metabolism of Lateral PFC. Matter of accessing information, not a storage issue.
Describe Patient H.M condition & which parts of the brain are implied.
Episodic memory loss.
Had severe epilepsy -> hippocampus removed.
Describe Patient K.C condition & which parts of the brain are implied.
Preserved STM, impaired LTM. Impaired episodic memory, not semantic.
Damage to hippocampus.
Where in the brain is episodic memory?
occipital & temporal lobes.
reminder: episodic memory depends on reactivation of the sensory experience.
In what lobe is the hippocampus?
Temporal lobe.
Where in the brain is semantic memory?
frontal & parietal lobes.
reminder: these guide executive functions, decision making
What is the function of the Medial PFC
Connect related memories to form generalized knowledge.
-> Integrate knowledge + episodic event (hippocampus).
Helps to make hypotheses and inferences.
Parts of the brain implied in conditioning (broad)
Outside hippocampus but still in the limbic system (e.g. amygdala)
Describe Patient S.M condition & which parts of the brain are implied.
No fear. Bilateral amygdala damage.
Parts of the brain implied in procedural memory (broad)
Basal ganglia (motor sequence) and PFC (organization)
Neural basis of habits. Are habits part of implicit or explicit memory?
Habits rely first on explicit and then on implicit memory (with time).
Striatum needed to develop habit.
PFC monitors habit (in experiment, you need to damage PFC to stop the habit).
Dementia typically implies damage of which part of the brain?
Medial temporal lobe
Semantic dementia implies which part of the brain (also very present in the hub-and-spoke theory)
Left anterior temporal lobe.
As you get old, parts of the brain become atrophied. Which ones.
Frontal lobe atrophy.
-> Consequence: can’t inhabitant irrelevant information.
Hippocampal atrophy.
-> Consequence: problem encoding & retrieving, difficulty associating things together in episodic memory.
Describe the brain of taxi drivers
Large posterior & reduced anterior hippocampus.
Posterior hippocampus -> years of experience.
In the hub-and-spoke model, which areas in the brain are the spokes and which are the hubs?
Hub = ATL (anterior temporal lobe).
Spoke = different cortical brain areas (depends on the detail you want to access) -> IPL
