Midterm 2 Actual Flashcards
Three people credited with transmitting Ancient Greek learning to Western Europe
Averroes
Maimonides
Avicenna
Stained glass windows: select 1-4
all
Chartres Cathedral: select 1-4
all
Which is not characteristic of a Muslim mosque?
images of Muhammad
qibla wall
the wall facing Mecca
hijera
Muhammad’s flight to Yathrib to escape persecution
Medina
the town of the first Islamic theocracy, now the second holiest city in Islam
caliphate
the land and peoples ruled by the caliph
Islam
submission
Moslem
one who submits to Allah
Ka’bah
cube, the building at the center of Islam’s most important mosque
Mecca
Islam’s holiest city, the destination of pilgrimage for a Moslem
Qur’an
recitation, holy book of scripture
jihad
“to strive,” usually refers to a spiritual struggle to live the standards of the Qur’an
“Contraposto” is a term used to indicate
a chiastic stance in Greek statuary
the importance of the art and architecture in the city of Ravenna is
-the combination of basilica shapes
-Christian symbolism
-change from 3-D art to 2-D
-blending secular and spiritual
The Gothic style of architecture was begun at _______ by Abbot Suger
St. Denis
Correct order of Charlemagne generations (oldest to youngest)
Charles Martel
Carolus Magnus
Louis the German
Lothair
Who translated the Bible into Latin?
St. Jerome
What was the Latin translation of the Bible called?
Vulgate Bible
T/F The basilica was a representation of the City of God which is described in the book of Revelation and discussed by St. Augustine
True
T/F Portals marked the passages which were necessary to arrive at a union with God
True
T/F The nave could be seen as the ship which harbored the faithful and represented a progression through life until you arrive at union with God
Ture
T/F The apse represented the heavens, the end of the sacred journey and a communion with God
True
T/F The dome is sacred because it is the centralized circular space. Because it is up so high, it gives the impression of mystical and heavenly space
True
The lifestyle of Benedictine monasticism can be summarized in the motto
Pray, sing, work
Medieval philosophical thought is known for primarily being
synthetic and hierarchial
Thomas Aquinas tried to reconcile
reason and revelation
What is the text of the Sanctus?
Holy, holy, holy, Lord of Hosts. Heaven and Earth are full of thy glory
Why is Boethius important
-translations of Greek philosophers transmit Greek knowledge to medieval Europe
The musical term for several independent melodic lines is
polyphony
And Roland says: ‘We are in a rough battle.
I’ll sound the oxidant, Charles will hear it.”
Said Oliver: “No good vassal would do it.
When I urged it, friend, you did not think it right.
If Charles were here, we’d come out with no losses.
Those men down there–no blame can fall on them.”
Oliver said: “Now by this beard of mine,
If I can see my noble sister, Aude,
one more, you will never lie in her arms!” AOI
Chanson de geste
- God strengthens the faithful so that the Devil cannot conquer them.
God, Who disposes all things justly and rightly, call His faithful people to the glory of the celestial inheritance; but the ancient deceiver lurks in ambush and tries to hinder them by using all his wicked arts against them. But he is conquered by them and is confounded as his presumption deserves for they possess the celestial country, and he suffers the horrors of Hell.
A record of 26 religious visions
Objection 1: It seems that sacred doctrine is not a science. For every science proceeds form self-evident principles. But sacred doctrine proceeds form articles of faith which are not self-evident, since their truth is not admitted by all: “For all men have not faith” (2 Thess. 3:2). Therefore, sacred doctrine is not science.
A summation of the major theological questions of the High Middle Ages
The as dawn brightened and the day broke
Grendel’s powers of destruction were plain:
Their wassail was over, they wept to heaven
and mourned under morning, Their mighty prince,
the storied leader, sat stricken and helpless,
humiliated by the loss of his guard,
bewildered and stunned, staring aghast
at the demon’s trail, in deep distress.
Beowulf (the founding epic poem of the English language)
Where art thou, Death, thou mighty messenger?
Death: Almighty God, I am here at your will,
Your commandment to fulfill.
God: Go thou to Everyman,
And show him in my name
A pilgrimage he must on him take,
Which he in no wise may escape;
And that he bring with him a sure reckoning
Without delay or any tarrying.
the most famous morality play through the middle ages
Perotin
used both melodic and rhythmic modes
movement of the mass not in Latin
Kyrie
One of the principal ideas of Abbot Suger (the creator of the Gothic style) was the symbolism of
light
The Roman variety of chant made obligatory throughout the Carolingian empire was known as
Gregorian chant
NOT true about relics
the narthex allowed pilgrims to worship relics while church services were being held
Thomas Aquinas was a master of dialectic. To prove his arguments, he
followed a logical sequence of thesis, antithesis, analysis and synthesis
Carmina Burana is
a collection of medieval student poems later set to music
A trouvere was
a composed of medieval secular music
In the early medieval period, ivory carvings were often used for
book covers
The most significant architectural feature of the Hagia Sophia is
the dome on pendentives
Romanesque architecture saw a marked increase in the use of
exterior sculpture
The medieval epic poem that celebrates a battle between the Frankish army and a Muslim force at the Spanish border is
Song of Roland
Who DID NOT write in the vernacular?
Thomas Aquinas
What exterior area of the church was not decorated by artists?
The apse
The elaboration of a Biblical scene in the liturgy of the medieval church led directly to the
beginning of Western drama
5 movements of the Mass ordinary
- Kyrie
- Gloria
- Credo
- Sanctus
- Agnus Dei
T/F The Trinity was seen on the Utrecht Psalter
False
T/F early attempts at musculature was characteristic of early medieval art?
True
T/F the socratic method was part of scholasticism
false
A plainchant setting that has 3-5 notes for each syllable is best described as
neumatic
Guido d’Arezzo is known for
Guidonian hand
Written by: “Be praised, my Lord, for Brother Fire,
Who lights up the night.
He is beautiful and carefree, robust, and fierce.”
St. Francis of Assisi
the trivium and the quadrivium were
the basic areas of study in the medieval period
Tropes
-ancestors of Western theater
-aided monks in memorization of long changes
-inserted text in melismatic passages
-banned by the Council of Trent in the 16th century
The Roman Emperor ____ established a capital for the Eastern Roman Empire at Byzantium
Constantine
music that consist of only a single melodic line is called
monophonic
The prescribed form of worship in the Christian church is known as the
liturgy
Separate, 8-sided buildings near cathedrals or churches in the Byzantine era were commonly used for
baptisteries
The 12th century mystic, musician, and nun whose visionary works include Scivias and a song sequence called Symphoniae was
Hildegard von Bingen
songs, performed by jongleurs, that told of great and heroic deeds were known as
chansons des gestes
The Divine Offices are
a series of religious observances throughout the day
Mark’s evangelist symbol
lion
Matthew’s evangelist symbol
winged human
Luke’s evangelist symbol
ox
John’s evangelist symbol
eagle
Kyrie eleison means
Lord have mercy
The word Gothic originally meant
rude and barbarous
Term NOT used in analyzing early chant
iconic
The text of the Gloria movement of the mass
Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, goodwill to men
T/F charlemagne unified the western and eastern halves of the HRE
false
T/F Romanesque relief sculpture were realistic in depicting human bodies
false
The medieval French musician who wrote and assembled the Magnus Liber Organi was
Leonin
In a polyphonic work, the voice that retains the pitches of the original chant fragment is known as the
tenor
In the medieval period, organum was
a type of polyphonic muscial work
St. Francis of Assisi was a Mednicant, which means he
begged for his support and traveled a lot
Thomas Aquinas trod a middle path between
fideism and rationalism
A common theme in sacred Gothic architecture is
light
Hildegard’s monophonic Alleluia, O virga mediatrix is an example of
composed plainchant
In the morality play Everyman, what saves Everyman at the final judgment
good deeds and knowledge
What is the theme of the Song of Roland
-the glory of the military campaign
-the chivalric nature of the true knight
-the clash between good and evil
-a mixture of military and religious ideas
T/F Requiem is one of the Divine offices
false
Is the Mass Proper an example of connecting music and poetry?
no
“So times were pleasant for the people there until finally one, a fiend out of hell, began to work his evil in the world. Grendel was the name of this grim demon haunting the marshes, marauding around the heath and the desolate fens; he had dwelt for a time in misery among the banished monsters, Cain’s clan, whom the Creator had outlawed and condemned as outcasts.”
Beowulf
Which of the following is not like the other: jongleurs, troubadours, touveres, Minnesingers
jongleurs
The final -ia of an Alleluia was often lengthened and is called a jubilius. Similarly, the final -ie syllable of a Kyrie was also elaborated with extra notes. This is an example of a/an
melisma
Which major musical work is incorrectly paired with the medieval author whose texts inspired it?
Dante Symphony (Franz Liszt) & and Dante Alighiere
Dido and Aenease (Henry Purcell) & Thomas Aquinas
Carmina Burana (Carl Orff) & Goliardic monks
Psalm 148 (Gustav Holst) & St. Francis of Assisi
Dido and Aenease (Henry Purcell) & Thomas Aquinas
14th century Italian artists
-looked to Classical models
-were not very good at perspective
-still had Byzantine influence
-began to paint in the “international style”
Which is the correct teacher-student pair?
Martini-Lorenzetti
Wilton-Limbourg
Duccio-Lorenzetti
Cimbue-Giotto
Who did Frescoes about the life of St. Francis?
Giotto (Assisi)
Who painted the life of Jesus (the back of the altarpiece) with lots of gold?
Duccio
Who painted Frescoes about the life of Jesus?
Giotto (Arena Chapel, Padua)
Many of Giotto’s famous frescoes in Assisi were destroyed in 1997 by
an earthquake
Significance of Cimabue’s crucifixion is
the attempt to show the weight and strain of the figure
Which of the following can be seen in Martini’s The Annunciation?
-a dove
-the angel’s drapery in motion
-an olive branch
-Gabriel’s words flowing to Mary
-lilies
-a sunburst
all of the above
Which of the following words does not relate to mensuration?
-ficta
-tempus
-prolatio
-modus
ficta
what musician used melodic, as well as rhythmic, modes
Perotin
T/F composers of the Trecento used secular tunes as the cantus firmus for secular pieces because that was tampering with the holy melodies of the church
false
Machaut was both a ____ and a _____.
composed of sacred/secular music AND poet/composer
What are virelai, ballades, and rondeaux?
poetic forms that became the basis for secular music
What is unique about Machaut’s Messe de Notre Dame?
-4 voices
-conceived as a melodic whole
-each of the movements of the mass ordinary is based on the same melodic motive
-each of the movements of the mass ordinary is based on the same mode (scale)
Which of the following is true about Landini?
-blind
-organist
-most famous composer in Italy in the Trecento
-active in social and political issues in Florence
-wrote madrigals
-friend of Petrarch
-helped build organs
all of the above
Motet sacred/secular?
sacred
mass ordinary sacred/secular?
sacredy
ballades sacred/secular?
secular
madrigals sacred/secular?
secular
rondeaux sacred/secular?
secular
troubadour song sacred/secular?
secular
a row of columns
Colonnade
a pillar dividing a large doorway in a church
Trumeau
a passage that runs around the apse of a church which allows pilgrims to visit relic chapels even while a church service is taking place
ambulatory
carries the thrust of a wall, typically forming an arch with the wall it supports
flying buttress
an arch that extends into 3D space, like a very short arched hallway
barrel vault
either of the two partings forming the arms of the cross shape, projecting at right angles from the nave
Transept
produced by the intersection at right angels of two barrel vaults, used to give strength to the roof of a Gothic cathedral.
cross vaulting
a part of a deceased holy person’s body or belongings kept as an object of reverence
relic
the central space of the church
nave
a vertical, recessed arch-like space forming the center of a pediment, typically decorated
Tympanum
horizontal band of architectural devoration
frieze
sculptures on the sides of the doorway, symbolic of the strength of the Church
Jamb Figures
the front or principal face of a building
Facade
the central courtyard of a monastery
Cloister
the entrance foyer of a church
Narthex
originally a Roman gathering space for markets or a court
Basilica
contains the main altar, usually at the east end, usually underneath the dome
apse
usually hemispherical; spans round, square, or polygonal spaces; represents heaven
dome
the triangular upper part of the front of a building in Classical style, typically above a portico of columns
pediment
feeling associated with Romanesque architecture
Church militant
feeling associated with Gothic architecture
Church Triumphant
the spontaneous appearance of Christ’s wounds in a person’s own body
Stigmata
expanded mental and spiritual awareness, visions, emotional (and sometimes physical) euphoria
Religious ecstasy
six different groupings of short and long notes based on poetic feet
Rhythmic modes
voice that retains the original chant notes of the notes of the cantus firmus in long-held note values
tenor
extra words or music added to chant to add variety and to aid memorization of long chant sections
Trope
in polyphony, the main chant melody, usually found in the tenor voice
cantus firmus
a part of a large church or cathedral with its own small altar and dedication, radiating outward from the ambulatory, arranged in a semicircular fashion, often contains relics
chapel
