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Plants Biodiversity > Midterm 2 > Flashcards

Midterm 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the major groups of vascular plants?

A

ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms

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2
Q

______ has spores

A

ferns

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3
Q

gymnosperms have _____ ovules

A

naked

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4
Q

what are some general characteristics of gymnosperms?

A

woody plants, leaves are fan like, scale like or needle like, flowers unisexual with no perianth, arranged in cones,

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5
Q

do gymnosperms have fruit?

A

no

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6
Q

name the seed plants of gymnosperms (4)

A
  1. cycadales
  2. Ginkgoales
  3. Coniferales
  4. Gnetales
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7
Q

gymnosperms and angiosperms are ______ plants

A

seed

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8
Q

describe cycadales, cycadacea

A

diocious

genus: Cycas; Cicircinalis

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9
Q

describe the Gynko; Ginkgoaceae

A

G.biloba

- fan like leaves, dioecious, seeds bad smelling outer coat, and hard inner coat, trees have no resin canals

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10
Q

maidenhair tree

A

Ginko biloba

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11
Q

the ginkgo tree is the only relative of the order ginkgoes? (t/f)

A

t

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12
Q

why is the ginkgo a scared tree?

A

symbol of unity of opposites, eternity and longevity, bearer of hope, symbol of love, protector against fire, because of all its properties associated with longevity

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13
Q

name medicinal uses of the gingko tree?

A
  • improves blood flow
  • protects against oxidative cell damage from free radicals (antioxidant)
  • blocks effects of PAE (blood clotting)
  • all have been involved in the development of cardiovascular, renal and respiratory and CNS disorders
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14
Q

The gingko tree is also ornamental in urban areas, why?

A

resistant to pollution, leaves turn yellow in falll

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15
Q

the coniferales include?

A
  • pinaceae
  • cupressaceae
  • taxaceae
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16
Q

Taxaceae

A

Yews

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17
Q

describe taxaceae

A

yews, no resin canals, needle like persistent leaves, small cones (m), naked ovules (f), plant is toxic besides the fleshy red part of seeds which are dispersed by birds

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18
Q

taxus canadensis

A

canada yew, shrub in swampy forests, browsed by deer

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19
Q

the pacific yew: taxis brevifolia are the sources of what drug against cancer?

A

taxol

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20
Q

the harvesting of taxol has lead the pacific yew to become an ________ species

A

endangered

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21
Q

the Canada yew contains ________

A

paclitaxel

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22
Q

describe cupressaceae

A
  • shrubs and trees with resin glands
  • leaves variable, opposite or needle like
  • monoecious or dioecious
  • male flowers in small cones and female cones with few flowers
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23
Q

describe thuja

A

sometimes shrubs when young, leaves scale like and opposite, monoecious, female cones have a few pairs of opposite scales

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24
Q

________ is widely use for the treatment of the common cold and its efficacy as an adjuvant to standard antibiotic treatmentt to severe bacterial infections

A

thuja

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25
Q

thuja contains ______ which is poisonous and dosage is important

A

thujone

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26
Q

describe juniperus

A

trees or shrubs, scale like and needle like on same plant, dioceses, female cones, berry like carpels (NOT A FRUIT)

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27
Q

J.communis has only ________ like leaves and is a _____

A

needle like (common juniper) and is a shrub

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28
Q

J.Virginiana has both ______ and ________ leaves and is a _______

A

needle and scale like leaves

- eastern red cedar (tree)

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29
Q

describe taxodium

A

tree with pneumatophores, needle like leaves, monoecious, female cones are spherical

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30
Q

T.distichum

A

Baldcypress

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31
Q

describe the sequoia

A

giant leaves, leaves needle like and persistent, monoecious,

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32
Q

S.Sempervirens

A

Sequoia

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33
Q 
Name the following genera of pines:
Pinus is \_\_\_\_\_\_
Larix is \_\_\_\_\_\_
Abies is \_\_\_\_\_\_
Picea is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Tsuga is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Pseudotsuga Is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A 
pines
Larch 
fir
spruce
hemlock
Douglas fir
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34
Q

the resin canal in pinnace is located where?

A

xylem

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35
Q

describe some characteristics of pinaceae

A
  • rarely shrubs, usually trees
  • leaves needle like, solitary or grouped
  • monoecious
  • female cones usually with numerous carpelar scales
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36
Q

_________ are dominant in the boreal forest

A

pinaceae

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37
Q

Pinus (Pines),Larix (Larch) have _____ to ______ leaves in fascicles

A

2 to numerous

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38
Q

Abies (Fir), Picea (Spruce), Tsuga (Hemlock), Pseudotsuga (Douglas fir) have _______ leaves

A

solitary

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39
Q

describe some characteristics of pinus

A

trees, leaves 2, 3 or 5 in fascicle, female cones mature after 2 seasons

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40
Q

this pine tree has 5 leaves in fascicles

A

P.strobus

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41
Q

these pine trees have 2 leaves in fascicles

A

P.banksiana
P.resinosa
P.sylvestris

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42
Q

what tree has been the most valuable softwood lumber in E N America?

A

Pinus Strobus

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43
Q

this species has cones which are curved and do not open for many years, and the bark is greyish? (adapted to fire)

A

P.banksiana (jack pine)

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44
Q

Which tree has cones which are straight and open at maturity, break is reddish brown? (curved and highly persistent cones)

A

P.resinosa and p.sylvestris

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45
Q

which trees has cones straight and open at maturity?

A

P.resinosa the red pine

P.sylvestris the Scots pine

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46
Q

describe larix

A

larch, 1 species in Canada, 10-60 leaves in fascicle, tree

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47
Q

Larix larcinia

A

tamarack eastern larch, very adaptable species, commonly found in bogs, fens, survive very low temps (-65)

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48
Q

Abies

A

Fir,canada balsam fir, leaves solitary, persistent, , female cones big, commercially grown as a Christmas tree

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49
Q

what was the resin of rabies used for?

A

canada balsam, used as a cold remedy, and glue for glasses etc, high ascorbic acid content

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50
Q

Picea

A

spruce, tree, bracts accompanying scales very small

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51
Q

picea glauca

A

white spruce, climax canopy in the boreal forests of canada and alaska

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52
Q

Tsuga

A

Hemlock

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53
Q

The tsuga canadensis has leaves which are _____

A

eastern hemlock leaves which are serrate

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54
Q

Psudotsuga menziesii

A

Douglas fir, bracts accompanying scales long and 3 lobed, native to W N America, when crushed leaves have a citrus smell

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55
Q

gentiles, ephedaceae, ephedra are ______

A

gymnosperms

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56
Q

gymnosperms

A

medium shrub, appears to have no leaves, leafless branches with conspicuous nodes, small scale like leaves and tiny flowers of male and female flowers which bloom February through april

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57
Q

Ephedra

A

weight loss and diet supplement (shrub)

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58
Q

ephedra is both a ______ and ________

A

stimulant and thermogenic, increases heart rate, constricts blood vessels increasing blood pressure , cause increased metabolism

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59
Q

Welwitschia mirabilis

A

Namibia desert, seldom and found 100-150km from coast, over 500-600 years old, not endangered Or rare, lifespan of 400-1500 years old

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60
Q

Nymphaeaceae

A

Lillies, aquatic perennial herbs, leaves large alternate and round, flowers solitary

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61
Q

Genus Nyphaea has what colour flowers?

A

white or purple

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62
Q

genus nuphar has what colour flower?

A

yellow

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63
Q

N.Ordata

A

water lilly

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64
Q

N.variegata

A

yellow pond Lilly

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65
Q

how do water Lillies pollinate?

A

traps insects in their flower, after a few days it is pollinated

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66
Q

Nelumbo

A

Lotus

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67
Q

what is the importance of Nelumbo nucifera ?

A

sacred plant of hinduism and buddhism and of the ancient Egyptian civilization (Lotus) and also used in asian cuisine

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68
Q

Magnoliids include:

A

Piperales, canailles, magnoliales, laurales

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69
Q

describe Magnoliales

A

trees and shrubs, leaves alternate and simple

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70
Q

L. tulipifera

A

tulip tree,

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71
Q

m.acuminata

A

cucumber tree

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72
Q

name two ornamental magnolias

A

magnolia soulageant

magnolia stellata

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73
Q

what are monocotyledons?

A

seedlings with one cotyledon, numerous vascular bundles in the stems, leaves with parallel venation, flowers 3-merous

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74
Q

monocotyledons include:

A

Lillies, orchids, palms, grasses and their relatives

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75
Q

edicts are _____ flowering plants

A

most

76
Q

nymphaeceae are ____ _____ and their relatives

A

water Lillies

77
Q

monocotyledons include alismatanae which include:

A

Butomaceae, alismataceae, Juncaginaceae, potamogetonaceae

78
Q

Alismatanae are _____ plants

A

aquatic

79
Q

butomus umbellatus is

A

flowering rush

80
Q

Alisma and sagittaria belong to?

A

alismataceae

81
Q

Alisma

A

water plantain

82
Q

Sagittaria

A

arrowhead

83
Q

Juncaginaceae/juncus

A

rush

84
Q

juncus has ______ _______ in the stem

A

air channels

85
Q

monocotyledons include aranae which inlcudes

A

araceae

86
Q

Aracea are

A

herbs, inflorescence is a spadix, flowers are extremely small usually unisexual, have fruit which is a berry

87
Q

Arisaema: A.triphyllum

A

jack in the pulpit

88
Q

Symplocarpus: S.foetidus

A

skunk cabbage

89
Q

Liliales includes:

A

liliaceae and Trilliaceae

90
Q

Genera lilium

A

lillies

91
Q

genera Tulipa

A

tulips

92
Q

Liliaceae

A

herbs with bulbs

93
Q

Lilium

A

canadian lily

94
Q

Tulipia

A

tulip

95
Q

Tulipomania was what?

A

tulips causes the first stock market crush in Netherlands, everyone was trading bulbs

96
Q

Trilliaceae

A

trillium

97
Q

T.grandilforum

A

white trillium

98
Q

T.erectum

A

purple trilium

99
Q

Trilliaceae

A

herbs with rhizomes

100
Q

Monocotyledons include Asparagales which includes:

A

Agavaceae
Alliaceae
Iridaceae
Orchidaceae

101
Q

from the genus Agave the A.americana is

A

century plant

102
Q

Agavaceae

A

herbs with rhizomes, monocarpic

103
Q

______ ________ is often the most encounterd as a weed in the mediteranian

A

Agave americana

104
Q

blue agave

A

tequila agave, base ingredient for tequilla

105
Q

Aliaceae- Allium includes

A

onion, garlic, chives and leek

106
Q

Allium are

A

herbs with bulbs , the inflorescence is umbel and fruit are in capsules

107
Q

Allium trioccum

A

wild leek, wild Ramp

108
Q

Allium cepa

A

onion

109
Q

Allium sativum

A

garlic

110
Q

I.versicolor

A

northern blue flag

111
Q

Iridaceae

A

genus iris, herbs with corms, rhizomes, grows on pond edges etc.

112
Q

orchidaceae

A

herbs with rhizomes, corms or tubers

113
Q

what does orchidacea depend on to form either rhizomes, tubers or corms?

A

depends on mychorrizal associations with fungi

114
Q

the amazing flower diversity of orchids is the result of the __________ with ___________

A

coevolution with different pollinators

115
Q

cypripedium

A

lady slipper

116
Q

C. parviflorum

A

yellow lady slipper

117
Q

C.acaulis

A

showy lady slipper

118
Q

Pogonia (P.ophioglossoides)

A

label ovate and fringed

snake mouth

119
Q

listera (L.cordata)

A

label 2 lobed

Heart leaf twayblade

120
Q

monocotyledons include arcanaewich include:

A

palm trees and families

121
Q

Monocotyledons include singiberanae which include:

A

bananas, gingers and families

122
Q

Monocotyledons include commelinanae which include:

A

cyperaceae and poaceae

123
Q

poaceae

A

grasses

124
Q

Cyperaceae

A

care - sedges, grass like herbs that grow in wet codnitions

125
Q

sedges are usually from where?

A

large wetland communtiies

126
Q

Poacea

A

650 genera, cereal crops food and sugar, ornamentals, building materials, source of matting

127
Q

what are some major grass grain crops?

A

wheat, corm, rice, barley, oats

128
Q

___________ ___________ exhibit seasonal drought, occasional fires and are usually used for grazing and agriculture

A

Temperate grasslands

129
Q

_______ are grasslands with scattered trees, that show distinct seasons, particularly wet and dry

A

savannas

130
Q

tropical bamboos are___

A

herbs

131
Q

tropical bamboos have ______ roots and a stem which is a _____

A

fibrous , culm

132
Q

culm

A

stem with swollen nodes and empty internodes

133
Q

flowers of grasses are typically embraced by a pair of ______ called the _______ and _______

A

bracts called lemma and palea

134
Q

the unit of grass inflorescence is a spike called ________

A

spikelet

135
Q

grasses have what pollination adaptations

A

wind pollination with hanging stamens and feathery stigmas

136
Q

tritium aestivum

A

wheat

137
Q

coryza sativa

A

rice

138
Q

zea mays

A

corn (female infourescence)

139
Q

grasses are ________ , rushes are _______, sedges are _________

A

poaceae, juncaceae, cyperaceae

140
Q

the fruit of grasses ________________

A

caryopsis

141
Q

sedges have ______, rushes are ______ and grasses have _______

A

edges, round, knees

142
Q

Ranunculales are from

A

eudicots

143
Q

Papaveraceae and ranunculaceae are from

A

ranunculales

144
Q

Papaveraceae

A

poppy family

145
Q

ranunculaceae

A

buttercup family

146
Q

papaveraceae

A

herbs with milky or coloured latex

147
Q

papaver

A

poppy

148
Q

papaver somniferum

A

opium poppy

149
Q

sanguinaria has one species: S.canadensis

A

bloodroot

150
Q

eudicots

A
  • seedlings with 2 cotyledons
  • vascular bundles arranged on one circle in the stems
  • pinnate or palmate venation
151
Q

what are some usually toxic plants with alkaloids

A

ranunculaceae

152
Q

ranunculaceae are usually _____ ______ with _______

A

toxic plants with alkaloids

153
Q

aggregate fruits of achenes include :

A

ranunculus, anemone, thalicrum

154
Q

aggregate fruits of follicles are :

A

caltha, aquilegia, aconitum

155
Q

ranunculus

A

buttercup. herb

156
Q

r.acris

A

meadow buttercup

157
Q

anemone

A

aggregate of achenes

158
Q

A canadensis

A

canada anemone, white flowers

159
Q

anemone coronaria

A

ornamental

160
Q

Caltha: C.palustris

A

marsh merigold

161
Q

Thalictrum: T.dioicum

A

Early meadow rue, herb

162
Q

Aquilegia

A

Columbine

163
Q

Aconitum

A

Aconite, monks hood, wolfsbane, some of the most poisonous plants int the world,

164
Q

aconite is a _______

A

poison, deadly

165
Q

what happened to Andre noble

A

died of anointine poisoning after accidentally injecting a monkshood species

166
Q

Fagales, currurbitales, rosales, fatales, brassicales, maléales, sapinadales are from:

A

rosids

167
Q

Fagales

A

mostly woody plants, unisexual flowers, with sepalled tepals and an inferior ovary

168
Q

fagaceae

A

beech or oak family, trees and shrubs

169
Q

betulaceae

A

rich family

170
Q

juglandaceae

A

walnut family

171
Q

Fagaceae, betulaceae and juglandaceae are from:

A

fagales

172
Q

Q. ruba

A

red oak

173
Q

fagus

A

beech

174
Q

castanea

A

chesnut

175
Q

castanea dentata

A

american chestnut

176
Q

what is cryphonectria?

A

chestnut blight

177
Q

Betula

A

birch

178
Q

Betula papyrifera

A

white paper birch

179
Q

corylus

A

hazelnut

180
Q

corylus americana

A

american hazelnut

181
Q

Juglandaceae

A

tree and shrubs, fruit is drupe like

182
Q

Juglans

A

walnuts

183
Q

jugulars nigra

A

black walnut

184
Q

jugulars cinerea

A

butternut

185
Q

carya

A

hickories

186
Q

carry laciniosa

A

shellback hickroy

Plants Biodiversity (3 decks)

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