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Criminal Justice > Midterm #2 > Flashcards

Midterm #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Majority Government

A

When the government that formed has an absolute majority. ex 26/50 seats

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2
Q

Minority Government

A

When a party wins the most seats, but not more that 1/2 of the seats in the house.

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3
Q

Popular Vote

A

A person or issue that wins the most votes (the most popular option)

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4
Q

Reasonable Limits

A

Charter Right/Freedom
(clause) that although something violates the charter, it does so within reasonable limits. –> therefore allowed to stand

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5
Q

Right to Privacy

A

Charter Right/Freedom

number of laws that protect your private information (the way it is handled by governments and organizations)

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6
Q

Right to Legal Counsel

A

Charter Right/Freedom
Defendant has a right to have the assistance of legal counsel. If they cannot afford it, the government will appoint to pay the legal fees

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7
Q

Advocacy Group

A

groups brought together to influence PUBLIC OPINION.

They seek to change policy with their influence, without ever nominating someone to run for the position

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8
Q

Interest Group

A

made of individuals or organizations, organized around shared concerns, attempting to influence PUBLIC POLICY.

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9
Q

Issue Oriented Interest Group

A

Principle concern is to improve their own (usually economic) status (ex. Canadian Federation of Students)

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10
Q

Charter Rights

A

Rights of individuals that are entrenched in the Constitution and can’t be infringed upon unless (Reasonable)

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11
Q

Public Interest Groups

A

promote causes that are seen to be for the benefit of society (ex. environmental groups)

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12
Q

Institutional Interest Group

A

closely aligned with government (ex public service union) permanent, well established. large budget and member memberships. maintain good relationships with authorities

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13
Q

Issue Oriented Groups

A

they pop up when there is an issue, then fade away when it is settled. demonstrations, media etc. They work at all levels (municipal - international) Highway extensions to foreign aid help

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14
Q

Lobbying

A

seeking to influence a politician or public official on an issue –> attempting to affect public policy through lobbying!

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15
Q

Head of State

A

Canada: Queen Elizabeth

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16
Q

Head of Government

A

The Prime Minister (J. Trudeau)

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17
Q

Queen

A

She is represented in Canada by the Governer General

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18
Q

Governer General

A

Julie Payette - represents the crown.

  • Acting on the advice of the PM and Cabinet ministers to give royal assest to bills passed in the Senate and HOC
  • ensures there is always a PM
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19
Q

Lieutenant Governor

A

representative in a provincial jurisdiction of the Canadian monarch (Queen E)
- on the advice of the PM, the Governer general appoints provincial Lieutenant Governors.
As the GG represents the queen vs country, the LG represents the queen vs province

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20
Q

Federal Cabinet

A

Parliamentary system of government. Ministers hold executive power. named by the PM, ministers are MPs too

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21
Q

Cabinet Members / Ministers

A

Ministers in the Cabinet are named by the PM and are also MPs

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22
Q

Cabinet selection

A

named by the PM, should be balanced to reflect constituents but usually ends up being the pm choosing people who have been loyal towards him!

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23
Q

Party Leader*

A

Process*

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24
Q

House of Commons

A

made up of elected MPs from across Canada - 338

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25
Legislative Assembly
Provincial forums where elected MPs represent their constituencies
26
Ministerial responsibility
Fundamental, constitutional principle, where the ministers are responsible to the parliament in their ministry/government as a whole
27
Cabinet Secrecy
Important to make responsible government work - protecting opinions of ministers and the process by which cabinet arrives at a decision --- the heart of responsible government (Westminster system of government)
28
Monarchy
The form of government where the monarch heads the government
29
Deputy Minister **
** https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/governments/organizational-structure/cabinet/deputy-ministers
30
Canadian Judicial Council
The federal body created under the judges act to promote efficiency, uniformity and accountability - to improve the quality of judicial services in the superior courts of Canada.
31
Civil Law
used in Quebec, stemming from French Civil Law. | core principles are codified into a referable system, serving as the primary source of law
32
Senate
With the HOC and the Monarch make up the upper house of parliament. - the purpose is to consider and revise legislation, investigate national issues and most crucially (according to the constitution) give the regions of Canada an equal voice in parliament.
33
Senators
105 members that are appointed by the GG on the advice of the PM they come from a variety of working backgrounds also ethnic, socio eco, cultural ones
34
The leader of the Opposition
The leader of the political party which rivals the party currently in power ex ATM = Andrew Sheer (Conservative)
35
Speaker of the House
There to ensure the orderly flow of business and adherence to rules and traditions of the HOC -elected in a secret ballot
36
Backbencher
an MP who holds no government offices (not a front bencher)
37
Government Caucus
all members of a particular political party (including senators or provincial legislature)
38
Committee of the house
A stage in the process of getting a bill passed, after first and second reading where a select committee scrutinized that bill. members of the committee are nominated by their parties.
39
Royal Assent
approval by the sovereign that a bill has passed through both houses in identical form. the process where a bill becomes a law
40
Political Patronage
granting of favours, money, jobs, government contracts or appointments to individuals or corporations in exchange for political or monetary support.
41
Role of Government
to create a structure of rules, that refelcet society, insuring their saftey, access to resources are met. try to change people's actions, should be trying to change the behaviour that makes us do that action
42
Associational Interest Groups
long term - representing the interests of their members
43
Non- Associational Interest Group "latent"
unorganized groups of people with a common identity -could organize if they saw an opportunity or a threat
44
Public Policy
A course of action or inaction chosen by authorities to address a problem in the public realm
45
Public Policy outcomes
-New legislation/ or changes to existing change in government programs / practices -funding
46
Notwithstanding Clause
allows parliament of provincial legislatures to override certain portions of the charter
47
Policy Tools
what government does to achieve their goals | -how they achieve their goals
48
Evidence Informed Policy and Practices
Policy based on good information
49
what are some barriers for policy making?
Poor access to evidence Organizational structure - ministry silos Time Lack of relative evidence Inadequate access to training Cultural opposition
50
What was introduced federally in 1874 that dramatically changed all future elections?
The Secret Ballot
51
Advocacy groups increase their public profile once an election is called, what is this called
3rd party advertisements
52
Which party had the highest public allowance in 2011?
Conservatives
53
what is not a factor of success or failure in a group?
leadership
54
what year were all women granted the right to vote?
1960
55
the term lobbying generally refers to
1 and 2 -An activity that is most commonly undertaken by advocacy groups / any organized attempt to influence the decision makers.
56
what requires redistribution after each decennial census?
based on population data: electoral districts are added, removed or otherwise changed
57
when was the first secret ballot introduced to a federal election?
1874
58
the John Howard Society is a national advocacy in which groups?
causes
59
when was the Canadian Federation of students created?
1981
60
what year was the canadian constitution created?
1867
61
what has been the average time between elections since 1867?
**
62
what is the process of redrawing constitutional boundaries?
An electoral boundary commision is appointed for each province - Independent commision a judge appointed by the chief justice and two members appointed by the speaker of the HOC
63
the process of dividing the country into single member electoral districts is called:
Gerrymandering

Criminal Justice (3 decks)

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