Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Bio Sci 41, Mood Disorders > Midterm 2 (7-11) > Flashcards

Midterm 2 (7-11) Flashcards

1
Q

What are bright spots on MRI scans that signal areas of cell death?

A

Hyperintensities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the three main components of the limbic system?

A

Amygdala, hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the symptoms of delusional mania?

A

A form of mania that can include delusions of self- importance and can also include feeling euphoric, having high energy levels, and having racing thoughts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How can schizoaffective disorder and Bipolar disorder be differentiated?

A

A wait period to see if the person comes back from the psychosis— if they do, it is bipolar disorder, and if not, it is schizophrenia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What condition is defined by depressive episodes shifting back and forth with hypomanic episodes, but no full-blown manic or mixed episodes?

A

BP-II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A loss of connectivity to brain regions and a decrease in brain function is likely caused by what?

A

Loss of white matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are symptoms of delirious mania?

A

A complex and potentially life-threatening stage of mania that includes delusions, grandiosity, emotional lability, insomnia, disorientation, and altered consciousness; during episodes of delirious mania, the person doesn’t really know where they are, what world they’re in, what’s happening, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some reasons for hyperintensities?

A

Brain bleed, hyperexcitability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In what sex are manic episodes more common?

A

Male

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Thinner cortexes were found in patients with BD who were taking what medication?

A

Anti-convulsants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is glutamate?

A

1 excitatory neurotransmitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is gaba?

A

1 inhibitory neurotransmitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What occurs in the ventricles in those with Bipolar Disorder?

A

The ventricles increase in size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the symptoms of BP-II?

A

Depressive episodes shifting back and forth with hypomanic episodes, but no full-blown manic or mixed episodes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The following mood changes are consistent with what condition? Feelings of emptiness, loss of interest in previously enjoyable things, including sex

A

Depression/depressive episode

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are hyperintensities?

A

Bright spots on MRI scans that signal areas of cell death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Emotion is associated with what side of the brain?

A

Right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the function of the hippocampus?

A

Regulates the amygdala, involved in spatial navigation and memory formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the different types of bipolar disorders?

A

BP-I, BP-II, BP-NOS, Cyclothymia/cyclothymic disorder, Rapid Cycling BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the Altman rating scale?

A

A 5-item rating mania scale, designed to assess the presence and or severity of manic symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Loss of brain matter in what regions are associated with bipolar disorder?

A

hippocampus, thalamus, and amygdala—Parts of the brain that are critical for regulating emotions*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What part of the brain is responsible for regulating the amygdala?

A

Hippocampus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the side effects of loss of white matter in the brain?

A

Loss of connectivity to brain regions and a decrease in brain function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What condition is defined by symptoms of the illness that do not meet diagnostic criteria for either bipolar I or bipolar II disorder?

A

BP-NOS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are the symptoms of BP-I?
At least one manic or mixed episodes that last at least seven days, or by manic symptoms that are so severe that the person needs immediate hospital care. The symptoms of mania or depression must be a major change from the person’s normal behavior.
26
What is the 5-item rating mania scale, designed to assess the presence and or severity of manic symptoms?
Altman rating scale
27
What is the #1 excitatory neurotransmitter?
Glutamate
28
What is the #1 inhibitory neurotransmitter?
Gaba
29
A loss of white matter is associated with what behavior?
Increased suicidality
30
Lithium has what effect on the cortexes of those with BD?
Thickens the cortex
31
Socially, how might a person with an injury to the right side of their brain be affected?
Take things too literally
32
What is a rare condition where a person experiences manic episodes but no depressive episodes?
Unipolar mania
33
Which disorder, schizophrenia or Bipolar disorder, is more tolerated by family, and why?
Schizophrenia due to its predictability
34
What is the relevant function of the Right parahippocampal gyrus?
Detecting sarcasm
35
The following mood changes are consistent with what condition? Extremely irritable, "jumpy," "wired," agitated Overly happy or outgoing mood,
Mania/manic episode
36
What condition is defined by at least one manic or mixed episodes that last at least seven days, or by manic symptoms that are so severe that the person needs immediate hospital care? The symptoms of mania or depression must be a major change from the person’s normal behavior.
BP-I
37
What are the symptoms of BP-NOS
Symptoms of the illness that do not meet diagnostic criteria for either bipolar I or bipolar II disorder.
38
What is the function of ventricles?
Produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid
39
The following behavioral symptoms are consistent with what condition? Feeling tired, having problems concentrating, remembering, and making decisions, change in sleeping + eating habits, suicidal thoughts
Depression/depressive episode
40
What are myelinated tracts that insulate axons and brain signals?
White matter
41
What is unipolar mania?
A rare condition where a person experiences manic episodes but no depressive episodes.
42
What factors are considered when diagnosing someone with Bipolar Disorder?
Family history, duration of mood swings, checking for thyroid problems (hypothyroidism + hyperthyroidism which can lead to depression and mania respectively), Medical history and medications they take, observation of mood and behavior
43
What is the function of white matter?
Myelinated tracts that insulates axons and brain signals
44
What are the symptoms of cyclothymia/cyclothymic disorder?
A mild form of bipolar disorder, episodes of hypomania that shift back and forth with mild depression for at least two years, However the symptoms do not meet with the diagnostic requirements for any other type of bipolar disorder.
45
What was the significance of patient SM
Person who had Urbach-Wiethe disease resulting in the loss of her amygdala and subsequently had no stress or fear response
46
What are the manic states?
Hypomania, acute mania (transition delusion), delusional mania, delirious mania
47
What side of the brain is more literal and is involved in Language and analytical thinking
left
48
What are the common symptoms of depression or a depressive episode?
Mood changes: Feelings of emptiness, loss of interest in previously enjoyable things, including sex Behavioral: Feeling tired, having problems concentrating, remembering, and making decisions, change in sleeping + eating habits, suicidal thoughts
49
How does the limbic system respond to a fearful and happy expression in adults?
Right amygdala activates more
50
What was the state of those with BD who were taking anti-convulsants?
Thinner cortexes
51
In what sex is major depressive episodes more common?
Female
52
What produces and circulates cerebrospinal fluid?
Ventricles
53
What condition is defined by episodes of hypomania that shift back and forth with mild depression for at least two years, However the symptoms do not meet with the diagnostic requirements for any other type of bipolar disorder, and is described as a mild form of bipolar disorder
Cyclothymia/cylclothymic disorder
54
What is a form of mania that can include delusions of self- importance and can also include feeling euphoric, having high energy levels, and having racing thoughts?
Delusional mania
55
In which parts of the brain are hyperintensities associated with bipolar disorder?
Frontal lobe, parietal lobe, right brain hemisphere, white + grey matter (mildly)
56
What is a mild form of mania that can affect sleep and activity; it is less severe than mania and usually doesn’t require hospitalization?
Hypomania
57
Brain bleeds or hyperexcitability in the brain can cause what?
Hyperintensities
58
What is the function of the anterior cingulate cortex?
Involved in separating emotions and identifying how one is feeling.
59
What is the left side of the brain associated with?
Being more literal and is involved in Language and analytical thinking
60
What are the common symptoms of mania/manic episode?
Mood changes: Extremely irritable, "jumpy," "wired," agitated Overly happy or outgoing mood, Behavioral: Talking very fast, racing thoughts, restlessness, sleeping little, unrealistic belief in one's abilities, increasing goal-directed activities, impulsive behaviors and actions (sex, spending, etc), easily distracted
61
A loss of brain tissue can be attributed to____?
An increase in ventricle size
62
The following behavioral symptoms are consistent with what condition? Talking very fast, racing thoughts, restlessness, sleeping little, unrealistic belief in one's abilities, increasing goal-directed activities, impulsive behaviors and actions (sex, spending, etc), easily distracted
Mania/manic episode
63
What is a stage of mania that can involve increased impulsivity, energy, and talkativeness; people with acute mania may also experience some symptoms of psychosis?
Acute mania
64
How does Bipolar disorder differ from major depression?
The presence of manic episodes
65
What finally induced a stress/fear response in patient SM
Oxygen deprivation
66
What are the symptoms of Acute mania?
A stage of mania that can involve increased impulsivity, energy, and talkativeness; people with acute mania may also experience some symptoms of psychosis.
67
What part of the brain is involved with detecting sarcasm?
Parahippocampal gyrus
68
What is a complex and potentially life-threatening stage of mania that includes delusions, grandiosity, emotional lability, insomnia, disorientation, and altered consciousness; during episodes of delirious mania, the person doesn’t really know where they are, what world they’re in, what’s happening, etc?
Delirious mania
69
Why can it be hard to differentiate between schizoaffective disorder and Bipolar disorder?
Both can exhibit psychotic symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, incoherence)
70
The right side of the brain is associated with what human function?
Emotion
71
How does the limbic system respond to a fearful and happy expression in children?
In younger children the left amygdala is activated more for both expressions, while in older children there is very little amygdala response and instead a strong anterior cingulate cortex response
72
What part of the brain is involved in separating emotions and identifying how one is feeling?
Anterior cingulate cortex
73
Thicker cortexes were found in patients with BD who were taking what medication?
Lithium
74
What are the risks of Bipolar Disorder?
Spending sprees and business ventures Hypersexuality and unwanted pregnancy Ill-considered marriages Conflict with the law Accidents- speed limitsFights and disputes Poor relationships Suicide 10-20%
75
What are the symptoms of hypomania?
A mild form of mania that can affect sleep and activity; it is less severe than mania and usually doesn’t require hospitalization.
76
What is the first line treatment for bipolar disorder?
Lithium

Bio Sci 41, Mood Disorders (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions