Midterm 2 Flashcards
Spain Contested American Land expansion where?
along the Mississippi River
Between 1777 and 1784….
most northern states ended slavery
Effects of the Revolution on women included the 3 following?
1) greater access to education
2) an improved perception of women’s moral status
3) less restrictive divorce laws
Frenchmadn J. Hector St. John de Crevecoeur, on his travels and life in North America, expresses 3 of the following.
1) interest in the uniqueness of North America
2) respect for the social equality in North America
3) the rich mixture of culture in North America
The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 did the 3 following.
1) Establish criteria for territories to gain statehood
2) create a political structure for the new territories
3) prohibit slavery in northwester territories
The land Ordinance on 1785 encouraged a certain type of settler by?
requiring a minimum purchase of 640 acres
Framers of the Pennsylvania constitution of 1776 established?
a one-house legislature without an executive officer
John Jay’s treaty with Spain was opposed by congressmen from the south because?
They felt Jay had sold out the interest of southerners who had pioneered the West
James Madison argues that a large diverse republic?
Offered the best hope for safeguarding individual rights
Judicial review is
the Supreme Court’s right to have the final say on constitutionality
Under the Articles of Confederation, the national government could not?
Raise an army
Most state constitutions, put into effect by the end of 1777, including the 3 following.
1) the establishment of annual elections as a norm
2) expressions of the rights of common citizens
3) the curbing of the powers of the governor in the states
Federalists split the ranks of the Antifederalist by
promising a bill fo rights as the Constitution’s first amendments
Daniel shays focus on closing down the court system because it?
it was the legal instrument of foreclosure on debts and farms
The effects of Shay’s rebellion included the 3 following.
1) May leaders lost faith in the Articles of Confederation
2) Americans realized there were elements of conflict between social classes
3) Calls were made for a Central government with more power
What compromise, between open popular election and congressional election of the president, was reached by the Constitutional Convention?
use of the electoral college to decide the winner of presidential elections
Economic nationalists such as Robert Morris wanted to do the 3 following.
1) use tax revenue to pay off the growing national deficit
2) have congress assume payment of the entire national debt
3) Secure a chaser for the Bank of North America
The Great Compromise, created by Roger Sherman, did what?
Successfully split the difference between small and large states
What is the correct order of events? Ratified
Bank of North America created, Shays’s Rebellion, Constitution ratified
The First government’s base of support was strengthened by?
Passing the Bill of Rights
Squatters
occupied land even though they held no title on it
Which is the correct order of events? Financial plan
Hamilton submits financial plan, Whiskey Rebellion, Adams elected
What Factor made the south the most populous region in the early US?
The presence of a large number of black slaves
The Whiskey Rebellion was spurred by
Opposition to Hamilton’s excise tax
Jefferson and Madison turned to the Republic legislatures of these states for resolutions that attached the constitutionality of the Alien and Sedition Acts
Kentucky and Virgina
The most ethnically and religiously diverse region in early America was
the Mid-Atlantic region
The battle of Fallen Timbers resulted in
the decisive defeat of the Ohio Indians
To gain southern support for his financial plan, Hamilton offered
to win northern support for moving the nation’s capital to a southern location
The Judiciary Act
represented an artful compromise that balanced legal powers
The XYZ Affair almost caused
a declaration of war against France
a Deist believes
in God as a creator, but not as a being who intervenes in earthly affairs
Secretary of Treasury Alexander Hamilton’s ideas included the 3 following.
1) the creation of a bank of the US
2) Raising revenues by placing an excise tax on whiskey
3) advocating protective tariffs to strengthen American industry
Federalists were alarmed by
the growing intensity of violence in the French Revolution
This amendment to the Constitution, ratified in 1804, prevented impasse, similar to the one reached in the election of 1800, from happening again.
The 12th Amendment
The election of 1800 was contentious of bitter in 3 of the following ways.
1) the electoral tie between Burr and Jefferson was heatedly debated behind closed doors
2) the Republicans portrayed Adams as a monarchist determined to undo the Revolution
3) the Federalists portrayed Jefferson as a godless revolutionary
In his Farewell Address, Washington devoted most of his time to?
denouncing partisan politics
Washington was inaugurated in?
1789
New England was the most uniform region in America for the 3 following reasons.
1) Puritan values continued o be a dominant force in cultural identity
2) very few blacks or Indians lived in the region
3) Most New Englanders’ ethnic heritage was English
During the 1780s, 3 things about the West were true.
1) The white population surpassed the Indian Population
2) Mortality rates were high, especially among infants
3) Slavery spread into the southern regions of the West
The Rush-Bagot Agreement
Signaled a new era of cooperation between the US and England
Many people called the elections of 1824 “the corrupt bargain: because
they felt Henry Clay unduly used his influence to determine the stalemate outcome
Why did the American offensive across the Niagara River fail in 1812?
A New York state militia refused to cross the river to join the regular army troops on the Canadian side
Then style of Thomas Jefferson’s inauguration revealed that
republicanism would replace the aristocratic formalities of the Federalists
Shawnee leaders Tecumseh and the prophet Tenkswatawa originally urged a policy of
racial solidarity and spiritual rebirth
3 statements that are true about the Louisiana Purchase
1) Revealed President Jefferson’s aggressive style in supporting national interest
2) it was opposed by many Federalist legislators
3) It doubled the size of the US
The Louisiana Purchase was an example of President Jefferson’s desire to
establish an agrarian republic based on moderate land ownership
The Monroe Doctrine proclaimed all 3 of the following policies
1) the US was the guardian of liberty in the New World
2) the assertion that America would not interfere in European internal affairs
3) the establishment of American autonomy in foreign relations
Newspaper reporters used the term “era of good feelings” describe the presidency of?
James Monroe
The US bought the Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million, an average per acre cost of?
3.5 cents
Henry Clay’s American System included the following 3 policies.
1) Support of national bank
2) Increased used of federal subsidies
3) Wider use of protective tariffs
In the War of 1812, Andrew Jackson also defeated
The Creek Indians in the Old Southwest
many people believed that Aaron burr conspired to?
lead a plot for the purpose of breaking the union
3 successes of Jefferson’s first term included?
1) A reduction in the size of the federal governement
2) Getting rid of the Alien and Sedition Acts
3) Purchasing the Louisiana Territory
Support for the War 1812 was strongest in
The south and west
The Panic of 1819 was initiated by?
a fall in cotton prices after a period of prosperity
The acquittal of this Supreme Court judge ended the Republican offensive against the judiciary
Chase
A key factor in the Americans’ victory in the War of 1812 came when
Britain failed to secure naval control of the Great Lakes
The Supreme Court’s decision in McCulloch v. Maryland
Strengthened national power over the states
Thomas Jefferson’s vision for the future of America included the 3 following
1) Citizenry that places public good ver private gain
2) the view that the white farmer represented the ideal republican citizen
3) a republic that shunned the rigid social hierarchy of a corrupt Europe
The dominant issue in election fo 1844 was?
the annexation of Texas
Which statement about John Tyler in true?
he was expelled from the Whig Party when he was president
William Henry Harrison won the election of 1840 for 3 reasons
1) the Whigs balanced their ticket by choosing a southerner as Vice President
2) he capitalized upon his image as a war hero in the War of 1812
3) He was not tainted by loyalty to the Bank of US
In the case Worcester vs. Georgia, the Supreme Court ruled that
The state of Georgia had violated the Constitution in their treatment of Indians
The election of 1828 revealed that Jackson had a formidable electoral base
with farmers of the South and West
The spoils system features a strategy in which
Government jobs are given to supporters of the victorious party
In the election of 1844
James Polk expressed expansionist ideas
The Cherokee Indians
had a written language and a constitution
By the end of the 1820’s, the right to vote
had moved significantly toward universal manhood suffrage for whites
During his second term, President Jackson
Dismantled the Bank of the US
The panic of 1837 was caused by 3 factors
1) The raising of interest rates and tightening of credit by the Bank of England
2) The default of many state governments that had borrowed lavishly in the 1820s and 1830s
3) a drop off in the price and exportation of American cotton
The first presidential candidate of the Democratic Party was
Andrew jackson
The first crisis that besieged that administration of Martin van Buren was
the Panic of 1837
William Lloyd Garrison believed that
Slavery was immoral and should be immediately ended
Jacksonians portrayed John Quincy as a man who
was arrogant and did not understand the common man
Which group was an active participant in the 2nd Great Awakening
Baptists
Opponents of the Tariff of 1828 believed all 3 of the following i
1) The tariff would worsen the agricultural depression
2) the tariff was an unconstitutional extension of federal power
3) the tariff was designed to benefit the north at the expense of the south
The force Act gave Jackson the power to
put down nullification with military force
Preachers of the 2nd Great Awakening espoused 3 ideas
1) expressions of popular culture should be included in religious worship
2) am emphasis on personal, heartfelt experience would bring spiritual rebirth
3) women should be encouraged to achieve spiritual revival
The gag rule
Allowed Congress to automatically table all antislavery petitions
What percentage of southern white families did not own slaces in 1860
75%
Which religious group was largely involved in beginning the underground Railroad?
Quakers
All 3 of the following statements about black codes
1) they denied blacks the right to testify against whites
2) they denied blacks of nearly all rights as citizens
3) they existed in the North as well as the South
By mid-century, the Upper South
had diversified its economy and relied less on slavery
It was difficult for American slaves to mount armed rebellions because
They lacked the numbers to overpower whites
By the 1850s, southern planters felt threatened regarding slavery for 3 reasons
1) Free labor was spreading rapidly in the Border south
2) Slavery was declining in the Upper South
3) Abolitionists were intensifying their moral objections to slavery
yeoman farmers of the lower South
Wanted to limit the authority of government
over 60 whites in Virginia were killed in a rebellion led by
Nat Turner
The use of wide-scale slavery in the Lower south was based on the economic production of
short-staple cotton
Most free blacks in the south lived in
The Upper South
Henry Brown gained his freedom by
shipping himself in a box to Philadelphia
In 1808, the United States Congress
Ended the African slave trade
One of the biggest differences between the life conditions of slaves and poor whites was
Slaves worked much longer hour under much harsher conditions
The most-valued slaves in the slave market of 1815-1850 were male field hands and?
females of child-bearing age as a way of increasing the slave population
Sectional tensions over slavery increased when
Protestant whites largely declared that black were equal in every way to whites
Slaves who converted to Christianity discovered
a powerful message of equality that deemed slavery to be immoral
Roughly 1/3 of slave marriages were
broken up sales or forced removals
What % of the white souther population belonged to the plantation-owning class
5%
The growth of the cotton kingdom resulted in
a lack of urban and industrial development in the south
By the late 1700s, a long-range disadvantage of cultivating tobacco was
Waste agricultural practices exhausted the land
