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History 220 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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1
Q

Why did many Irish people come to America in the 1840s ad 1850s?

A

Domination of Protestant landlords and starvations in Ireland

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2
Q

This man is considered the founder of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

A

Joseph Smith

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3
Q

This document, issued at he Seneca Falls Convention, called for full female equality

A

The Declaration of Sentiments

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4
Q

In Gibbons v. Ogden, the Supreme Court culled that?

A

States could not restrict trade within their jurisdiction

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5
Q

Which statement characterizes the progress of cities in the period of 1790-1850?

A

Transportation and immigration fueled a rise of population

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6
Q

The enormous growth of New York City was fueled by the three following factors:

A
  1. An increase in the flow of food from the West into the City
  2. Possession of the finest harbor on the East Coast
  3. Construction of the Erie Canal
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7
Q

Eastern elites, with the support of their wives and daughters, formed this group of church-affiliated reform organizations known as?

A

The Benevolent Empire

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8
Q

This place was a showcase for the transcendentalist philosophy of Ralph Waldo Emerson

A

Brook Farm

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9
Q

An effect of the practical use of steamboats was?

A

A revolution in transportation on western rivers

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10
Q

In the 1817, antislavery reformers founded what society?

A

The American Colonization Society

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11
Q

During the 1840s

A

Railroads became the most dynamic booster of interregional trade

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12
Q

In Jeffersonian America, manufacturing was centered in?

A

Households and small workshops

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13
Q

The court system’s support of corporate rights to eminent domain meant that?

A

Corporations could purchase “rights of way” land whenever they needed it

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14
Q

The Rhode Island system of employment was based on?

A

The use of children as laborers in mills

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15
Q

The cult of domesticity emphasized that?

A

Women should preserve religion and the morals of a family

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16
Q

The putting-out system?

A

Created a business relationship between merchants and household artisans

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17
Q

Lowell, Massachusetts, represented an example of?

A

Recruitment of workers through the Waltham system and a planned manufacturing city

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18
Q

What were three conditions for women workers?

A
  1. Worked textile industry
  2. Long hours and lower pay than men
  3. many did piecework labor out of their homes
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19
Q

Three statements about Eli Whitney:

A
  1. He received a government contract to manufacture muskets
  2. He grew up in Massachusetts before moving to the South as a tutor
  3. His Cotton gin cheaply solved the problem of removing fiber from cotton
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20
Q

The Success of the Erie Canal was?

A

A key factor in developing close economic ties between the East and West

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21
Q

Polk’s offer to buy California for $30 million

A

Fell apart when Mexico refused to receive Polk’s representative

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22
Q

What was the counting coup?

A

An Indian practice of showing skill in battle

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23
Q

Tejano was the term for?

A

Spanish-speaking Mexicans born in Texas

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24
Q

The Battle of San Jacinto?

A

Established the independence of Texas

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25
Q

The results of the Fort Laramie Treaty included?

A

Only a brief standoff between the Sioux and the US government

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26
Q

A treaty signed in 1818 created joint control of the Oregon Territory by the US and?

A

England

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27
Q

The statement that would most likely have been said by a believer in Manifest Destiny?

A

“It is our God-given right to spread our democracy and culture across the continent.”

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28
Q

Westerners promoted industrialization in the East by?

A

Providing food for the growing workforce if the East

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29
Q

The forces that pushed many Americans westward included the three following:

A
  1. Commercial farmers of the East and South were struggling financially
  2. The land of the West was fertile, abundant, and relatively inexpensive
  3. Scarcity of land in the East, especially New England
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30
Q

What three advantages did the American’s have in the Mexican War?

A
  1. Mexico’s failure to ally with Britain’s interest in the West
  2. The better quality of American artillery
  3. More naval capacity than Mexico possessed
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31
Q

What practice did settlers bring to Texas that was illegal under Mexican law?

A

Slavery

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32
Q

Before 1850, who was the dominant power on the north and central Great Plains?

A

The warrior-hunters of the Sioux tribe

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33
Q

Which two tribes were defeated by whites in Black Hawk’s War?

A

The Sauks and the Foxes

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34
Q

The Comanches were known for?

A

Being master horsemen and among the greatest warriors in the West

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35
Q

What were three of the requirements of Indians living as a part of the Mission System?

A
  1. They had to live in a fixed area
  2. They had to convert to Catholicism
  3. They had to work as agricultural laborers
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36
Q

Even under ideal conditions, the journey on the Oregon Trail took about?

A

Six months

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37
Q

A consistent pattern of movement into the Old Northwest was?

A

The tendency of northerners and southerners to settle, respectively, in northern and southern sections of the Old Northwest

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38
Q

The Santa Fe Trail did what?

A

Opened the door to eventual American takeover of New Mexico

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39
Q

During the years of the Jeffersonian Republicans, the government’s land policies?

A

Attempted to aid Americans who wished to become freeholders

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40
Q

Short-staple cotton became a major profit-maker for the three following reasons:

A
  1. It could be grown easily in various growing conditions
  2. England was a major market for the product
  3. Eli Whitney’s cotton gin made it easier to remove its abundant amount of sticky seeds
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41
Q

The Compromise of 1850 established what three things?

A
  1. The Fugitive Slave Act
  2. Admission of California as a free states
  3. Popular sovereignty in Utah
42
Q

President Lincoln’s strategy regarding section focused on?

A

Keeping states of the Upper South in the Union

43
Q

What was a result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

A

A bloody civil conflict between proslavery and antislavery forces in Kansas

44
Q

What were three effects on the Confederate attack on Fort Summer?

A
  1. President Lincoln asked militias of the upper South to put down the rebellion
  2. Northerners were angered by the loss of the fort
  3. The amazing fact that no one was killed
45
Q

What were the three proposed solutions to slavery in the territories that dominated that debate from the late 1840s until 1861?

A
  1. Extension of the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific
  2. Popular sovereignty
  3. Permanent protection of the right to own slaves
46
Q

Reaction against the Fugitive Slave Act was strongest among?

A

Northern Blacks

47
Q

Proponents of popular sovereignty believed that?

A

Residents of a territory should decide the issue of slavery

48
Q

The elections of 1860 revealed that?

A

Americans voted very strongly along sectional lines

49
Q

As a novel with social power, Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin succeeded because it?

A

Presented real characters and not just abstract arguments

50
Q

In January of 1848, gold was discovered in?

A

California

51
Q

The Republicans became the clear favorites in the presidential election of 1860 when?

A

The Democratic Party split into sectional factions

52
Q

Which group was the only one favored by members of the Know-Nothing Party?

A

English-Americans

53
Q

Northerners of all parties were outraged by the Kansas-Nebraska Act because it?

A

Was viewed as a plot to extent slavery above the Missouri Compromise line

54
Q

The Wilmot Proviso proposed that?

A

Free labor should exist in territory gained in the Mexican War

55
Q

In the controversial Red Scott decision, the Supreme Court declared that?

A

Blacks were not citizens of the US

56
Q

Who was an antislavery agitator in the middle of the violent confrontation in Kansas?

A

John Brown

57
Q

The declared president of the Confederate States was?

A

Jefferson Davis

58
Q

John Brown hoped that his rain on Harper’s Ferry, Virginia, would?

A

Start a slave rebellion in the state of Virginia

59
Q

Zachary Taylor’s strong base of electoral support was in the?

A

South

60
Q

Stephen Douglas supported three ideas:

A
  1. The Kansas-Nebraska Act
  2. Popular Sovereignty
  3. Expansion of the Nation’s rail system
61
Q

During the Civil War, women in the north?

A

Entered the workforce in large numbers

62
Q

How did John Wilkes Booth die?

A

He was shot to death in a barn in northern Virginia

63
Q

Many of General Grant’s victories in Virginia were characterized by?

A

Large loss of lives by the Union

64
Q

General Grant’s effective strategy for winning the war was based on?

A

Coordinating the Union’s efforts on all fronts of the war

65
Q

The Confederate economy was especially hurt by?

A

The union’s effective naval blockade on cotton exports

66
Q

Union victories in the West gave them the key strategic control of?

A

The Mississippi River

67
Q

During the Civil War, the Northern economy?

A

Grew and prospered

68
Q

A major outcome of the First Battle of Bull Run was?

A

The North’s realization that the war would not be won easily

69
Q

President Lincoln suspended the right of habeas corpus for the purpose of?

A

Making it easier to arrest and hold suspected confederate agents

70
Q

The result of Pickett’s Charge was?

A

The loss of half of Pickett’s thirteen thousand man division

71
Q

Three regiments of which Indian tribe fought for the South as the Battle of Pea Ridge?

A

The Cherokees

72
Q

The Emancipation Proclamation?

A

Freed the slaves of all states in rebellion

73
Q

The bloodiest single day in American history occurred at?

A

Antietam

74
Q

The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution outlawed?

A

Slavery everywhere in the US

75
Q

General Lee surrendered his army to General Grant at the courthouse in?

A

Appomattox, Virginia

76
Q

Three statements about ex-slaves:

A
  1. Many ex-slaves played a key role by fighting in the Union Army
  2. Ex-slaves often provided valuable military information about Confederate positions
  3. Ex-slaves helped smuggle other slaves to freedom
77
Q

Due to General Grant’s aggressiveness in the Virginia campaign, General Lee?

A

Was unable to send reinforcements to Georgia

78
Q

What was the bloodiest battle of the War?

A

Gettysburg

79
Q

The Battle of Glorieta Pass?

A

Gave the Union firm control of the Southwest

80
Q

Before the first battle of the Civil War, most people on both sides thought?

A

Their side would win easily

81
Q

The Southern Homestead Act?

A

Gave Black people preferential access to public lands in five Southern states

82
Q

The significant outcome of the presidential election of 1876 was that it?

A

Marked an end of the federal government’s commitment to Reconstruction reforms

83
Q

Many Southerners refused to accept their defeat as divine judgement and believed that God had spared the South for a greater purpose; they came to view the war as?

A

the Lost Cause

84
Q

Three statements about black voters in the South during the Reconstruction:

A
  1. Voter turnouts in the black community were impressively high
  2. Ulysses S. Grant was elected president with great support from the blacks
  3. Black voters were successful at electing many blacks to state offices
85
Q

Three statements about the 14th Amendment:

A
  1. It was opposed by President Johnson
  2. It strengthened the Civil Rights Act of 1866
  3. It guaranteed all citizens equality before the law
86
Q

Three statements about sharecropping:

A
  1. Sharecroppers generally gave up 50% of their crop to landlords
  2. Landlords typically owned stores where tenant farmers had to shop
  3. It forces Souther blacks to be economically dependent on whites
87
Q

What is the correct order of presidential succession?

A

Johnson, Grant, Hayes

88
Q

In the early years of Reconstruction, the Freedmen’s Bureau was successful at?

A

Reducing black illiteracy by roughly 20%

89
Q

How was the disputed election of 1876 settled and decided?

A

By the Compromise of 1877

90
Q

The Tenure of Office Act attempted to?

A

Weaken the powers of the president

91
Q

Southern Democrats who called their victories in the elections of 1876 “Redemption,” portrayed themselves as the?

A

Saviors of the South from the injustices of Republic rule

92
Q

In the Reconstruction South, African-Americans were in influential voice in?

A

Implementing the reforms of the Republican Party

93
Q

The Fifteenth Amendment

A

Guaranteed the right of American men to vote

94
Q

White southerners used the term “carpetbaggers” to describe?

A

Powerful Northerners who lived in the South

95
Q

In the post-Reconstruction period?

A

Blacks in the South were relegated to second-class citizenship

96
Q

Southern Democrats realized they could regain their dominance of local power by?

A

Manipulating racial tensions

97
Q

After the Civil War, many Southern blacks?

A

Migrated to Southern cities

98
Q

General Sherman’s Field Order No. 15 gave hope to blacks because it?

A

Set aside plots of Southern land for distribution

99
Q

“Scientific racism” was characterized in the 1870s by three ideas:

A
  1. The belief that minority voters were responsible for supporting corrupt officials
  2. The belief that government can do nothing to curb the inferiority of some people
  3. The belief that blacks and immigrants were not capable of understanding democracy
100
Q

Legacies of Reconstruction in the South included three parts:

A
  1. The beginning of a long period of segregation in the South
  2. A hopeful beginning, but disappointing outcomes for African-Americans
  3. A foundation of reform that would be built upon by later generations of blacks

History 220 (3 decks)

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