Final Flashcards
Why did many Irish people come to America in the 1840s ad 1850s?
Domination of Protestant landlords and starvations in Ireland
This man is considered the founder of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Joseph Smith
This document, issued at he Seneca Falls Convention, called for full female equality
The Declaration of Sentiments
In Gibbons v. Ogden, the Supreme Court culled that?
States could not restrict trade within their jurisdiction
Which statement characterizes the progress of cities in the period of 1790-1850?
Transportation and immigration fueled a rise of population
The enormous growth of New York City was fueled by the three following factors:
- An increase in the flow of food from the West into the City
- Possession of the finest harbor on the East Coast
- Construction of the Erie Canal
Eastern elites, with the support of their wives and daughters, formed this group of church-affiliated reform organizations known as?
The Benevolent Empire
This place was a showcase for the transcendentalist philosophy of Ralph Waldo Emerson
Brook Farm
An effect of the practical use of steamboats was?
A revolution in transportation on western rivers
In the 1817, antislavery reformers founded what society?
The American Colonization Society
During the 1840s
Railroads became the most dynamic booster of interregional trade
In Jeffersonian America, manufacturing was centered in?
Households and small workshops
The court system’s support of corporate rights to eminent domain meant that?
Corporations could purchase “rights of way” land whenever they needed it
The Rhode Island system of employment was based on?
The use of children as laborers in mills
The cult of domesticity emphasized that?
Women should preserve religion and the morals of a family
The putting-out system?
Created a business relationship between merchants and household artisans
Lowell, Massachusetts, represented an example of?
Recruitment of workers through the Waltham system and a planned manufacturing city
What were three conditions for women workers?
- Worked textile industry
- Long hours and lower pay than men
- many did piecework labor out of their homes
Three statements about Eli Whitney:
- He received a government contract to manufacture muskets
- He grew up in Massachusetts before moving to the South as a tutor
- His Cotton gin cheaply solved the problem of removing fiber from cotton
The Success of the Erie Canal was?
A key factor in developing close economic ties between the East and West
Polk’s offer to buy California for $30 million
Fell apart when Mexico refused to receive Polk’s representative
What was the counting coup?
An Indian practice of showing skill in battle
Tejano was the term for?
Spanish-speaking Mexicans born in Texas
The Battle of San Jacinto?
Established the independence of Texas
The results of the Fort Laramie Treaty included?
Only a brief standoff between the Sioux and the US government
A treaty signed in 1818 created joint control of the Oregon Territory by the US and?
England
The statement that would most likely have been said by a believer in Manifest Destiny?
“It is our God-given right to spread our democracy and culture across the continent.”
Westerners promoted industrialization in the East by?
Providing food for the growing workforce if the East
The forces that pushed many Americans westward included the three following:
- Commercial farmers of the East and South were struggling financially
- The land of the West was fertile, abundant, and relatively inexpensive
- Scarcity of land in the East, especially New England
What three advantages did the American’s have in the Mexican War?
- Mexico’s failure to ally with Britain’s interest in the West
- The better quality of American artillery
- More naval capacity than Mexico possessed
What practice did settlers bring to Texas that was illegal under Mexican law?
Slavery
Before 1850, who was the dominant power on the north and central Great Plains?
The warrior-hunters of the Sioux tribe
Which two tribes were defeated by whites in Black Hawk’s War?
The Sauks and the Foxes
The Comanches were known for?
Being master horsemen and among the greatest warriors in the West
What were three of the requirements of Indians living as a part of the Mission System?
- They had to live in a fixed area
- They had to convert to Catholicism
- They had to work as agricultural laborers
Even under ideal conditions, the journey on the Oregon Trail took about?
Six months
A consistent pattern of movement into the Old Northwest was?
The tendency of northerners and southerners to settle, respectively, in northern and southern sections of the Old Northwest
The Santa Fe Trail did what?
Opened the door to eventual American takeover of New Mexico
During the years of the Jeffersonian Republicans, the government’s land policies?
Attempted to aid Americans who wished to become freeholders
Short-staple cotton became a major profit-maker for the three following reasons:
- It could be grown easily in various growing conditions
- England was a major market for the product
- Eli Whitney’s cotton gin made it easier to remove its abundant amount of sticky seeds
The Compromise of 1850 established what three things?
- The Fugitive Slave Act
- Admission of California as a free states
- Popular sovereignty in Utah
President Lincoln’s strategy regarding section focused on?
Keeping states of the Upper South in the Union
What was a result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
A bloody civil conflict between proslavery and antislavery forces in Kansas
What were three effects on the Confederate attack on Fort Summer?
- President Lincoln asked militias of the upper South to put down the rebellion
- Northerners were angered by the loss of the fort
- The amazing fact that no one was killed
What were the three proposed solutions to slavery in the territories that dominated that debate from the late 1840s until 1861?
- Extension of the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific
- Popular sovereignty
- Permanent protection of the right to own slaves
Reaction against the Fugitive Slave Act was strongest among?
Northern Blacks
Proponents of popular sovereignty believed that?
Residents of a territory should decide the issue of slavery
The elections of 1860 revealed that?
Americans voted very strongly along sectional lines
As a novel with social power, Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin succeeded because it?
Presented real characters and not just abstract arguments
In January of 1848, gold was discovered in?
California
The Republicans became the clear favorites in the presidential election of 1860 when?
The Democratic Party split into sectional factions
Which group was the only one favored by members of the Know-Nothing Party?
English-Americans
Northerners of all parties were outraged by the Kansas-Nebraska Act because it?
Was viewed as a plot to extent slavery above the Missouri Compromise line
The Wilmot Proviso proposed that?
Free labor should exist in territory gained in the Mexican War
In the controversial Red Scott decision, the Supreme Court declared that?
Blacks were not citizens of the US
Who was an antislavery agitator in the middle of the violent confrontation in Kansas?
John Brown
The declared president of the Confederate States was?
Jefferson Davis
John Brown hoped that his rain on Harper’s Ferry, Virginia, would?
Start a slave rebellion in the state of Virginia
Zachary Taylor’s strong base of electoral support was in the?
South
Stephen Douglas supported three ideas:
- The Kansas-Nebraska Act
- Popular Sovereignty
- Expansion of the Nation’s rail system
During the Civil War, women in the north?
Entered the workforce in large numbers
How did John Wilkes Booth die?
He was shot to death in a barn in northern Virginia
Many of General Grant’s victories in Virginia were characterized by?
Large loss of lives by the Union
General Grant’s effective strategy for winning the war was based on?
Coordinating the Union’s efforts on all fronts of the war
The Confederate economy was especially hurt by?
The union’s effective naval blockade on cotton exports
Union victories in the West gave them the key strategic control of?
The Mississippi River
During the Civil War, the Northern economy?
Grew and prospered
A major outcome of the First Battle of Bull Run was?
The North’s realization that the war would not be won easily
President Lincoln suspended the right of habeas corpus for the purpose of?
Making it easier to arrest and hold suspected confederate agents
The result of Pickett’s Charge was?
The loss of half of Pickett’s thirteen thousand man division
Three regiments of which Indian tribe fought for the South as the Battle of Pea Ridge?
The Cherokees
The Emancipation Proclamation?
Freed the slaves of all states in rebellion
The bloodiest single day in American history occurred at?
Antietam
The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution outlawed?
Slavery everywhere in the US
General Lee surrendered his army to General Grant at the courthouse in?
Appomattox, Virginia
Three statements about ex-slaves:
- Many ex-slaves played a key role by fighting in the Union Army
- Ex-slaves often provided valuable military information about Confederate positions
- Ex-slaves helped smuggle other slaves to freedom
Due to General Grant’s aggressiveness in the Virginia campaign, General Lee?
Was unable to send reinforcements to Georgia
What was the bloodiest battle of the War?
Gettysburg
The Battle of Glorieta Pass?
Gave the Union firm control of the Southwest
Before the first battle of the Civil War, most people on both sides thought?
Their side would win easily
The Southern Homestead Act?
Gave Black people preferential access to public lands in five Southern states
The significant outcome of the presidential election of 1876 was that it?
Marked an end of the federal government’s commitment to Reconstruction reforms
Many Southerners refused to accept their defeat as divine judgement and believed that God had spared the South for a greater purpose; they came to view the war as?
the Lost Cause
Three statements about black voters in the South during the Reconstruction:
- Voter turnouts in the black community were impressively high
- Ulysses S. Grant was elected president with great support from the blacks
- Black voters were successful at electing many blacks to state offices
Three statements about the 14th Amendment:
- It was opposed by President Johnson
- It strengthened the Civil Rights Act of 1866
- It guaranteed all citizens equality before the law
Three statements about sharecropping:
- Sharecroppers generally gave up 50% of their crop to landlords
- Landlords typically owned stores where tenant farmers had to shop
- It forces Souther blacks to be economically dependent on whites
What is the correct order of presidential succession?
Johnson, Grant, Hayes
In the early years of Reconstruction, the Freedmen’s Bureau was successful at?
Reducing black illiteracy by roughly 20%
How was the disputed election of 1876 settled and decided?
By the Compromise of 1877
The Tenure of Office Act attempted to?
Weaken the powers of the president
Southern Democrats who called their victories in the elections of 1876 “Redemption,” portrayed themselves as the?
Saviors of the South from the injustices of Republic rule
In the Reconstruction South, African-Americans were in influential voice in?
Implementing the reforms of the Republican Party
The Fifteenth Amendment
Guaranteed the right of American men to vote
White southerners used the term “carpetbaggers” to describe?
Powerful Northerners who lived in the South
In the post-Reconstruction period?
Blacks in the South were relegated to second-class citizenship
Southern Democrats realized they could regain their dominance of local power by?
Manipulating racial tensions
After the Civil War, many Southern blacks?
Migrated to Southern cities
General Sherman’s Field Order No. 15 gave hope to blacks because it?
Set aside plots of Southern land for distribution
“Scientific racism” was characterized in the 1870s by three ideas:
- The belief that minority voters were responsible for supporting corrupt officials
- The belief that government can do nothing to curb the inferiority of some people
- The belief that blacks and immigrants were not capable of understanding democracy
Legacies of Reconstruction in the South included three parts:
- The beginning of a long period of segregation in the South
- A hopeful beginning, but disappointing outcomes for African-Americans
- A foundation of reform that would be built upon by later generations of blacks
