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General Biology 1 > Midterm 2 (3.1) > Flashcards

Midterm 2 (3.1) Flashcards

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1
Q

Classification of life

A

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

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2
Q

Cocci,
Singular: coccus

A

Spherical prokaryotes (bacteria)

May occur:
- On their own: cocci
- In pairs: diplococci
- In chains: streptococci
- In clusters: Staphylococci

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3
Q

Bacilli,
Singular: bacillus

A

Rod shaped prokaryotes (bacteria)

Often solitary

May occur as streptobacilli

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4
Q

Spirilla

A

Spiral-shaped prokaryotes (bacteria)
- Variety of spiral-like shapes

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5
Q

Endospores

A

Some bacteria form resistant cells called endospores (ex: Bacillus anthracis) which can withstand harsh conditions

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6
Q

Bacteria

A

Cell walls composed of peptidoglycan

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7
Q

Peptidoglycan

A

Sugar polymers cross-linked by short peptides

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8
Q

Archaea

A

Cell walls made of polysaccharides and protein

Wall may be surrounded by gelatinous capsule
- Protects against host defences
- Protects against dehydration
- Lets them stick together

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9
Q

Phototrophs

A

Energy from the sun

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10
Q

Chemotrophs

A

Energy from chemicals

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11
Q

Autotrophs

A

Get carbon in form of CO2

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12
Q

Heterotroph

A

Need carbon from organic sources

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13
Q

Heterocysts

A

Specialized cells that fix nitrogen

Thicker cell walls to prevent oxygen from entering

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14
Q

Decomposers

A

Break down dead organisms and waste products

Unlock supplies of C, N, other elements

Chemoheterotrophs

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15
Q

Symbiosis

A

Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism

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16
Q

Mutualism

A

host + symbiont benefit

Ex: bacteria in the intestinal tract obtain nutrients from the host but benefit the host by producing vitamins

17
Q

Commensalism

A

symbiont benefits + host is
unharmed

Ex: >150 bacterial species live on surface of the body, absorbing nutrients (such as the oil from your pores) but cause no harm

18
Q

Parasitism

A

host harmed + symbiont benefits

Ex: parasites absorb nutrients from living organisms

Pathogens: parasites which cause disease

General Biology 1 (7 decks)

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