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Midterm 2 Flashcards

0
Q

ABSOLUTE MUSIC

A

INSTRuMENTAL music that is NOT intended to portray a message

GENERIC title

Ex:
Mozart, Piano Concerto no.17

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1
Q

PROGRAM MUSIC

A

INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC

story, poem, idea, scene, “extra musical”

Descriptive title

Ex:
Tchaikovsky, ROMEO AND JULIET

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2
Q

2 GENRES THAT ARE ALWAYS PROGRAM MUSIC?

A

CONCERT OVERTURE

SYMPhONIC POEM

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3
Q

CONCERT OVERTURE

A

1 movement work in SONATA FORM for orchestra

Descriptive title

ALways has ‘overture’ in title

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4
Q

SYMPHONIC POEM

A

1 movement work in FREE FORm for orchestra

Descriptive title

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5
Q

HECTOR BERLIOZ

A

Known for orchestration and program music

Wrote the TREATISE ON ORCHESTRATION

Created Symphonie Fantastique

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6
Q

PETER ILYICH TCHAIKOVSKY

A

Most famous Russian composer of 19th century

Wrote famous BALLETS:

  1. Swan Lake
  2. Sleeping Beauty
  3. The Nutcracker
  4. ROMEO AND JULIET
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7
Q

CHARACTER PIECE

A

1 movement miniature for solo piano

LYRICAL

Suggest a mood (“night piece”)

ETUDES

ROBERT SCHUMANN, EUSEBIUS

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8
Q

FRYDERYC CHOPIN

A

Polish

Piano virtuoso

Associated with high society in Paris

His Polish NATIONALIST works appealed to the Parisian audience’s taste for EXOTICISM

NOCTURNE IN F-SHARP, op. 40

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9
Q

Why was CHOPIN so popular in Parisian society?

A

His Polish NATIONALIST works appealed to their taste for EXOTICISM

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10
Q

TERNARY FORM

A

A B A’

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11
Q

RUBATO (tempo rubato)

A

To vary the steady beat of a piece by slowing down or speeding up in an expressive matter

Used before strong cadences

Clings to the most dissonant points of music

Used by CHOPIN

Is an element of PERFORMANCE PRACTICE in the music

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12
Q

CLARA SCHUMANN

A

Pianist

Married Robert Schumann

Woman??? lol

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13
Q

THEME AND VARIATIONS FORM

A

A musical form that presents a melody that is then followed by variations of that same melody

Possible changes:

  1. Keys
  2. Accompaniment
  3. Rhythm
  4. Basic style
  5. Scoring (instrumentation(
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14
Q

OPERA SERIA

A

Serious ITALIAN opera

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15
Q

GRAND OPERA

A

Serious FRENCH opera

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16
Q

OPERA BUFFA

A

Comic ITALIAN opera

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17
Q

OPERA COMIQUE

A

Comic FRENCH opera

THE ONLY ONE THAT USED SPOKEN DIALOGUE

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18
Q

Which opera type was the only one to use spoken dialogue?

A

OPERA COMIQUE

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19
Q

What sets the other 3 operas apart from the opera comique?

A

They used recitatives and NEVER contained spoken dialogue

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20
Q

FRENCH GRAND OPERA

A

Appealed to the middle-class through extravagance

Featured many things, such as animals, ballets, machinery, larger-than-life characters

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21
Q

GIUSEPPE VERDI

A

Dominant opera composer in Italy

Preferred librettos based on successful plays (Shakespeare)

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22
Q

GIACOMO PUCCINI

A

Italian composer known for his operas:

  1. La boheme
  2. Tosca
  3. Madama Butterfly

2nd most beloved Italian composer after Verdi

Based his work on popular contemporary plays/novels

His operas demonstrate the late 19th century fascination with REALISM

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23
Q

What did some of Puccini’s operas demonstrate? What does this imply?

A

The late 19th century fascination with REALISM

They featured realistic and contemporary characters

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24
MADAMA BUTTERFLY
Tragic opera by PUCCINI Provides exoticism Uses pentatonic scales and innovative orchestration BEL CANTO ARIA PRIMA DONNA
25
BEL CANTO ARIA
Beautiful singing MADAMA BUTTERFLY
26
PRIMA DONNA
Italian The singer of the principle female role in an opera, or the leading female singer in an opera company
27
PRIMA UOMO
The male version of PRIMA DONNA
28
RICHARD WAGNER
German Him and his followers were calls the NEW GERMAN SCHOOL Opera Created MUSIC DRAMA GESAMTKUNSTWERK THE RING CYCLE
29
THE NEW GERMAN SCHOOL
Slogan - the music of the future Defended PROGRAMMATIC MUSIC in the ;rogram symphony and the symphonic poem Form and harmony were subordinate to the expressive encessity of the composer The works of these composers are notable for: 1. A marked INCREASE IN CHROMATIC HARMONY 2. NOVEL FORMAL STRUCTURES
30
MUSIC DRAMA
Wagner's new genre of opera
31
GESAMTKUNSTWERK
"total artwork" All-encompassing artwork that completely integrates all aspects of music, theater, poetry, drama, and visual spectacle
32
What was the theater called that was built for Wagner's music dramas? Who funded it?
The FESTIVAL THEATER in Bayreuth, Germany Funded by the Bavarian king
33
The 4 titles of THE RING CYCLE?
1. Das Rheingold 2. DIE WALKURE 3. Siegfried 4. Gotter-dammerung Drawn from Norse mythology
34
MUSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WAGNER'S MUSIC DRAMA
LIBRETTOS based on NORSE MYTHOLOGY ENDLESS MELODY CHROMATIC HARMONY ROLE OF ORCHESTRA - carries the LEITMOTIFS, very large orchestral apparatus as well ROLE OF VOCALISTS
35
LIBRETTOS in Wagner's MUSIC DRAMA?
Based on Norse mythology
36
ROLE OF ORCHESTRA in Wagner's MUSIC DRAMA?
Carries the LEITMOTIFS Called for a very large orchestral apparatus
37
LEITMOTIFS
Musical themes that are associated with and/or symbolize certain people, ideas, and objects that occur in the story (libretto)
38
ROLE OF VOCALISTS in Wagner's MUSIC DRAMA?
Required very skilled singers WAGNERIAN SOPRANO Heavy set people usually
39
19th CENTURY ROMANTICISM
A cultural movement emphasizing EMOTION, IMAGINATION, and INDIVIDUALISM Based off of the reaction against the restraint of classical art/music Basic quality = EMOTIONAL SUBJECTIVITy Artworks focus on the irrational, emotional, the world of dreams/horror Important emphasis on NATURE as a source of inspiration
40
What was the basic quality of 19th CENTURY ROMANTICISM?
EMOTIONAL SUBJECTIVITY
41
What was there important emphasis on as a source of inspiration in 19th CENTURY ROMANTICISM?
NATURE
42
ROMANTIC CHARACTERISTICS IN MUSIC
NATIONALISM EXOTICISM PROGRAM MUSIC CHROMATIC HARMONY
43
NATIONALISM
The desire among artists and composers to intentionally create and/or celebrate his own national identity within their creations
44
EXOTICISM
The desire among artists and composers to intentionally create and/or celebrate a foreign national identity within their creations
45
PROGRAM MUSIC
Instrumental music associated with a story/poem/idea/scene
46
CHROMATIC HARMONY
The use of chords and pitches that do not function normally within the diatonic tonal system of major/minor keys Creates hightened emotional effects while also loosening the aural sense of key/tonic
47
MUSICAL VENUES IN THE 19TH CENTURY
PUBLIC VENUES SALONS
48
PUBLIC VENUES
Concerts Opera houses Musical societies SUBSCRIPTION CONCERT SERIES
49
What led to a great increase in public music making and venues?
The increasing wealth and political power among the middle class
50
SALONS
Semi-private gatherings in the homes of the upper-middle and aristocratic classes ``` A venue for various artistic activities: Poetry readings Chamber music Philosophical debate Political intrigue ```
51
LIED or ART SONG
A genre of monody (song) composed for solo voice with piano accompaniment High-quality poem Popularity due to ubiquity of the PIANO in the homes of all wealthier families
52
FORM IN LIEDER (ART SONGS)
STROPHIC FORM MODIFIED STOPHIC FORM THROUGH-COMPOSED
53
STROPHIC FORM
Each poetic verse (stanza) is set to the same, repeating music
54
MIDIFIED STROPHIC FORM
Some of the poem's verses are set to the same music, but there are other parts of the music that differ, most often at the end of the song A-A-A' Ex. DER MOND KOMMT STILL GEGANGEN
55
THROUGH-COMPOSED FORM
Music of the song is composed all the way through the piece and therefore contains no repeated sections No two stanzas are set exactly alike Ex. ERKLKONIG
56
SONG CYCLE
A colleciton of LIEDER that are published together as a set AND share other unifying characteristics
57
SHARED MUSICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN A SONG CYCLE
A related pattern of KEYS between the songs The reappearance of MUSICAL MOTIVES in more than one song in the cycle
58
SHARED EXTRA-MUSICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN A SONG CYCLE
Poems by the same poet that may have been published together as a cycle of poems Poems that are related by subject matter or that tell a unified story Peoms that represent a unified perspective, a MUSICAL AND/OR POETIC PERSONA that is perceived to be projected by the artwork itself
59
Best known SONG CYCLE by Robert Schumann?
Dichterliebe
60
FRANZ SCHUBERT
Austrian Wrote more than 600 LIEDER Played in and composed music for SALONS SCHUBERTIAD
61
SHUBERTIAD
Some of Schubert's wealthier supporters sometimes threw parties (salons) that were dedicated primarily to the performance and promotion of Schubert's music Such a salon was known as schubertiad
62
GUSTAV MAHLER
Conductor Worked in Vienna, is Jewish/Austrian/Bohemian Bridged 19th century tradition and the modernism of the early 20th century Fsmous for his maximalist symphony orchestras
63
When did Mahler's music become more popular?
After periods of relative neglect, which included a ban on its performance in much of Europe during the Nazi era
64
Instruments within Mahler's Symphony no. 5 in C# Minor
WOODWINDS: 1. Flutes 2. Piccolos 3. Oboes 4. English Horn 5. Clarinets 6. Bass Clarinet 7. Bassoon 8. Contrabassoon BRASS: 1. Horns 2. Trumpets 3. Trombones 4. Tuba PERCUSSION: 1. Timpani 2. Bass drum 3. Snare drum 4. Cymbals 5. Triangle 6. Tam-tam 7. Whip 8. Glockenspield STRINGS: 1. Harp 2. Violins 3. Violas 4. Violoncellos 5. Double Basses
65
What is an example of 'pitched percussion'?
Glockenspiel
66
What is different about Mahler's symphnies?
They are very long = 'maximal', over 1 hr Most contain 5 or 6 movements
67
What did Mahler compose?
SONG CYCLES ONLY
68
What is an orchestral art song?
An art song accompanied by an orchestra
69
What is an orchestral song cycle?
A multimovement work composed of ochestral art songs
70
What is MUSICAL IRONY? Who uses it a lot?
Moments where one emotion runs into another, depicting a kind of realism of experience Mahler (Kindertotenlieder)
71
PIANO QUINTET
Multi-movement work (3, 4+) for the following 5 instruments: STRING QUARTET + PIANO ``` Piano 1st violin 2nd violin viola cello ```
72
WOODWIND QUINTET
A multi-movement genre always for the following 5 instruments: ``` Flute Clarinet Oboe Bassoon FRENCH HORN ```
73
DOUBLE CONCERTO
A concerto that has 2 instrumental soloists + orchestra
74
TRIPLE CONCERTO
A concerto with 3 soloists + orchestra
75
STACCATO
short, separated notes indicated by 3 dots FIRST MOVEMENT OF SYMPHONY NO 5 IS STACCATO
76
LEGATO
Long, full and connected notes SECONDARY THEME OF SYMPHONY NO 5 IS LEGATO

Art of Listening (5 decks)

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