midterm 2

Question 1

lewis acids tend to

Answer 1

have incomplete octets

i.e. BF3

Question 2

lewis bases tend to

Answer 2

have one or more lone pairs

Question 3

coordinate covalent bonds

Answer 3

1 atom brings both electrons to the bond

Question 4

strong acids

Answer 4

1) HBr
2) HCl
3) H2SO4
4) HI
5) HNO3
6) HClO4

Ka greater than 1

Question 5

increase in acidity as

Answer 5

you move right in the same row

• then factor electronegativity

Question 6

pKa

Answer 6

more positive=weaker acid

more negative=stronger acid

Question 7

strong bases

Answer 7

1) LiOH
2) Ca(OH)2
3) NaOH
4) KOH
5) Sr(OH)2
6) Ba(OH)2

Question 8

polyprotic acid and base questions

Answer 8

1) treat the strong acid or base first

2) examine second to find [H3O] or [OH] and pH

(if there are 2 weak acids, then just do the one with the bigger Ka, and ignore the second one)

Question 9

anions

Answer 9

• when conjugate bases of strong acids
  = pH neutral
• when conjugate bases of weak acids
  = weak bases

= weakest base=strongest conjugate acid

Question 10

cations

Answer 10

• when conjugate acids of strong bases= pH neutral
• when conjugate acids of weak bases= acidic

= strongest base=weak conjugate acid