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PSYC 300 > Midterm 2 > Flashcards

Midterm 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Stress

A

response to perceived demands that are a little bit beyond you

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2
Q

fear

A

present oriented response to actual danger

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3
Q

panic

A

a sudden rush of intense fear with no real objective danger

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4
Q

Anxiety

A

future oriented
possibility that something bad could happen

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5
Q

4 reasons why anxiety would become a disorder

A

intensity
frequency
excessive amounts
causes impairment

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6
Q

anxiety disorder course

A

often chronic

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7
Q

what’s the largest mental health problem in North America

A

anxiety disorders

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8
Q

which cultures do anxiety disorders not exist in

A

none

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9
Q

what % of people with anxiety also have depression

A

50

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10
Q

genetic cause for anxiety

A

a genetic predisposition to experience negative emotions

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11
Q

biochemical (Nurotransmitter) causes for anxiety

A

depleted GABA
something wrong with serotonin circuits

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12
Q

biochemical (brain region) causes for anxiety

A

hyperactive amygdala
less active prefrontal cortex
something wrong with hippocampus

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13
Q

amygdala implication with anxiety

A

when hyper active it has an abnormal threat assessment and will trigger the HPA easier

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14
Q

PFC implication with anxiety

A

an inability to recall extinction of HPA

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15
Q

Hippocampus implication with anxiety

A

the disfunction causes
reduced capacity to distinguish safe/dangerous
insensitivity to cortisol (shuts doen HPA)

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16
Q

3 parts of Barlow triple vulnerability model

A

genetic predisposition
general psychological vulnerability
specific psychological vulnerability

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17
Q

5 types of anxiety disorders

A

panic disorder
specific phobia
agoraphobia
social phobia
generalized anxiety

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18
Q

characteristics of a panic attack

A

unexpected terror
physiological symptoms
worrying about getting them before and after
sudden rush of symptoms

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19
Q

4 subtypes of panic attacks

A

cued- set off my certain trigger
situationally predisposed - some situations and not others
unexpected - can’t identify trigger
limited symptom - not all symptoms

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20
Q

biological contributors to panic attacks

A

neurochemical disturbance
30-40% genetically transmitted

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21
Q

cognitive contributions to panic attacks

A

misconceptions about the severity of their symptoms

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22
Q

treatment of panic disorders

A

CBT - education, exposure to triggers,
medication - can sometimes cause bodily sensations which trigger panic attacks

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23
Q

Specific Phobia characteristics

A

persistant fear that is excessive and unreasonable
cued by presence/anticipation of certain object/situation

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24
Q

5 types of phobia

A

animal
natural environment
blood injury injection
situational
other

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25
Q

phobia learning contributions

A

2-factor learning theory
rochman: 3 pathways

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26
Q

2-factor learning theory

A

1- classical conditioning –> emotional response becomes attached to thing
2- operant conditioning –> when you react to remove negative stimuli = negative reinforcement

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27
Q

rochman 3 pathways

A

direct conditioning- eg. attacked by dog
vicarious conditioning - eg. watched others be afraid
informational transmission - eg. you heard you should be afraid

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28
Q

specific phobia treatment

A

in vivo treatment
cognitive modification (education)

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29
Q

Agoraphobia characteristics

A

anxiety about being in situations where escape is hard
avoided completely
entered w/ safe person only

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30
Q

treatment of agoraphobia

A

CBT - education, in vivo, relaxation, breathing

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31
Q

social anxiety disorder characteristics

A

persistant fear of one or more social situations
fear of doing something embarrassing

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32
Q

social anxiety comorbidity

A

substance abuse
depression

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33
Q

social anxiety biological contributors

A

non specific genetic - heightened reaction to others reactions

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34
Q

social anxiety treatment

A

CBT - more effective
SSRI- works faster

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35
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder characteristics

A

excessive worrying
difficulties controlling worry
physical tension

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36
Q

genetic contributors to GAD

A

under active GABA
Small inheritability

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37
Q

GAD cognitive models

A

cognitive avoidance - focus on future to distract from present

intolerance of uncertainty

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38
Q

treatment of GAD

A

CBT - worry discrimination
SSRI

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39
Q

5 somantic symptom disorders

A

somantic disorder
illness anxiety disorder
conversion disorder
factitious disorder
malingering

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40
Q

what do Somantic symptom disorder comorbid with

A

PTSD
Depression

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41
Q

somantic symptom disorder characteristics

A

suffering is authentic
excessive time and worry devoted to health
reporting of vague symptoms

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42
Q

somantic symptom disorder treatment

A

explanatory therapy - eduction on anxieties involvement

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43
Q

illness anxiety disorder characteristics

A

preoccupation with having an undiscovered serious illness
minimal symptoms if any

44
Q

conversion disorder characteristics

A

symptom of altered voluntary Motor function
unable to recognize neurological control
genuine belief

45
Q

etiology of conversion disorder

A

lower ses
less education
major life stress

46
Q

psychodynamic perspective of conversion disorder

A

idea that this is a defence mechanism
can’t accept a conflict so you turn it into a physical manifestation

47
Q

cognitive behavioural perspective of conversion disorder

A

learned through experience
stressful event
dysfunctional beliefs on pain

48
Q

fictitious disorder characteristics

A

faking symptoms for no obvious reward besides attention
sub type - fictitious by proxy

49
Q

5 types of obsessive compulsive disorders

A

OCD
body dysmorphic disorder
hoarding disorder
trichotillomania
excoriation

50
Q

how are OCD disorders different from anxiety disorders

A

different underlying near circuitry
distinct symptom patterns
comorbity among OCD

51
Q

OCD Characteristics

A

obsessions which turn into cumplsions
taking up at least one hour a day

52
Q

3 insights of OCD

A

Good insight - know they’re wrong
poor insight - know they’re probably wrong but still kinda believe it
absent sight - fully believe

53
Q

Biological contributors of OCD

A

genetics - nonspecific heritable
dysregulation of brain circuit

54
Q

Biological treatments of OCD

A

Pharmopschotherapy
Surgical

55
Q

pharmacotherapy treatments for OCD

A

SSRI
35% Reduction
partial improvement
drugs aren’t great

56
Q

Surgical treatments for OCD

A

ablation technique - lazer to destroy overactive area
deep brain stim- add electrode in problematic area

57
Q

area of brain most associated with anxiety

A

limbic system

58
Q

behvioral inhibition system

A

activated by signals from brain stem
when activated makes us anxious

59
Q

fight or flight system

A

originates in brain stem
imidiate alarm/ escape signal

60
Q

smoking and anxiety

A

smoking is positively correlated with panic and anxiety disorders

61
Q

GAD and gender

A

most are female

62
Q

why could drug treat from GAD in seniors be problematic

A

they’re not specifically for GAD, but for cognitive functioning. this can impair their cognitive function and result in mis stepping and physically hurting themselves

63
Q

GAD and twin studies

A

more common for both in MZ than DZ

64
Q

GAD Genetic trait

A

anxiety sensitivity

65
Q

when do most initial panic attacks begin

A

after puberty

66
Q

agoraphobia and gender

A

75% women

67
Q

nocturnal panic

A

physiological symptoms wake people and induce panic attack
commonly experienced
happen during delta waves - think they’re dying

68
Q

interpreting regular body responses as beginning of panic attack

A

learned alarms

69
Q

panic control treatment

A

inducing mini panic attacks in a clinic to teach coping skills

70
Q

negative implications of benzodiapines

A

may interfere with psychological treatments
can impair cognition over time

71
Q

difference w/ situational phobia and agoraphobia

A

situational phobia doesn’t induce stress until in said situation

72
Q

when does social anxiety onset peak and decline

A

teenage years – senior years

73
Q

selective multism

A

lack of speech in one or more setting where socially expected

74
Q

what type of OCD tic related

A

symmetry

75
Q

thought action fusion

A

thoughts of responsibility and guilt developed in childhood eg. thinking about killing someone= same as killing someone

76
Q

PTSD

A

An emotional disorder following a traumatic event
cannot be diagnosed till 1 month after

77
Q

characteristics of PTSD

A

Seeing, experiencing, learning of traumatic event
recurrent memories of event
intense phsyological distress

78
Q

accuse stress disorder

A

symptoms of PTSD occurring within a month of trauma

50% of these people go on to get PTSD

79
Q

etiology of PTSD

A

a truamatic event
genetic vulnerability
psychological vulnerability - anxiety sensitivity

80
Q

constructive narrative approch

A

PTSD treatment strategy
recontructing the story with therapist

81
Q

eye movement desensetization and reprocessing

A

PTSD treatment strategy
follow therapist finger with eye while thinking about trauma

82
Q

prolong greif disorder

A

debilitating greif symptoms for more than 6 months

83
Q

adjustment disorders

A

anxious/depressive reactions less extreme than acute or PTSD

84
Q

Attachment disorder

A

developmentally innaproptiate behaviour child is unwilling to form proper attachment with caregiver

85
Q

reactive attachment disorder

A

child very rarly seeks out help from caregiver

86
Q

depersonalization

A

dissociative disorder which makes you lose sense of self

87
Q

derealization

A

dissociate disorder which makes you lose sense of the world`

88
Q

dissociative amnesia

A

unable to recall personal info because of a traumatic event

89
Q

generalized amnesia

A

condition of losing if all personal info

90
Q

DID

A

a fragmented identity made up of a few distinct personalities
result of childhood trauma

91
Q

did onset

A

almost always young
mostly women

92
Q

3 cognitive models in people with OCD

A

over importance of thoughts
inflated responsibility of thoughts
thought action fusion

93
Q

2 kinds of thought action fusion

A

likelihood TAF- thinking will increase
Moral TAF - makes u a bad person

94
Q

CBT treatment in OCD

A

Normalize intrusive thoughts

95
Q

treatment for BDD

A

SSRI
CBT
EPR

96
Q

Hoarding disorder

A

persistan difficulty discarding possessions
perceived need

97
Q

etiology of Hoarding disorder

A

starts in younger years
significant impairment by 20’s

98
Q

what does anxiety trigger to turn on flight/fight response

A

autonomic nervous system

99
Q

which system is essential to the expression of anxiety and depression

A

corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system

100
Q

what does the CFR activate

A

HPA axis

101
Q

behaviour inhibition system

A

Brain circuit in the limbic system that responds to threat signals by inhibiting activity and causing anxiety.

102
Q

another word forBIS

A

fight or flight system

103
Q

interceptive avoidance

A

avoidance of internal physical sensations

104
Q

psychological factors affecting medical condition

A

first the presence of a diagnosed illness (asthma, diabetes) and then your psychological state makes it worse

105
Q

la belle indifférence

A

the attitude of indifference displayed by people with conversion disorder which demonstrates a true belief and distinguishes from other diseases like malingering

106
Q
A

PSYC 300 (3 decks)

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