Midterm 2 Flashcards
What region is Sparta in?
Lacadaemon
What are the people of the area controlled by Sparta called?
Perioeci and Helots
What causes the start of the first Messenian war?
Large population and lack of food.
When did the first Messenian war take place?
740-720 BCE
What sparks the second Messenian war?
Helot revolt.
When was the second Messenian war?
660 BCE
Who wins both Messenian wars?
Sparta
How does Sparta reform their community?
By focusing on their military.
What weird practice did the Spartans take part in?
Eugenics
Was Sparta the earliest form of uniform education?
Yes
At what age was mandatory education for boys in Sparta?
7
Why weren’t Spartan boys in training fed?
So that they would be forced to steal and practice stealth.
At what age could spartan boy get married and then leave the barracks?
17 then 30
What were the Spartan men who didn’t train called?
Tremblers
Did the spartan women undergone similar training as the men?
Yes
What were Spartan women called by other Greeks sometime?
Thigh Showers
What came always first in Spartan society?
The Polis
If a Spartan man couldn’t get his wife pregnant, what ought he do?
Let her sleep with another man
All Greeks know what’s good but..
Only Spartans do what’s good.
Who were the only Spartans allowed names on tombstones?
Women who die in child birth and men who die at war.
What is the Spartan mirage?
The idealized version of Sparta that we know today since barely any records from inside Sparta exist.
Was Sparta a large population?
No
Did Spartans welcome immigrants?
No
What nick name would the Spartans call each other?
equal
Did every Spartan citizen get a Kleros?
Yes
Why did the Spartans make accumulating wealth difficult?
So that they wouldn’t get attached to possessions.
How many kings ruled over Sparta?
2
What were the Gerousia in Sparta?
Council of elders.
How many Gerousia were there in Sparta?
28
How would Spartans decide during elections?
Whoever got the loudest cheer
What was an Ephor in Sparta?
A high ranking person that would ensure that everyone is acting in a Spartan manner.
How many Ephors did Sparta have at a time?
5
How long could and Ephor last in Sparta?
1 year.
What was the Peloponnesian league?
A group of Polis on the Peloponnesus that joined together being lead by Sparta.
What is Attica?
The region surrounding and controlled by Athens.
How many archons were there in Athens at a time and how long did they serve?
There were 9 Archons at a time and they would serve for a year
Who were the Eutrapids in Athens?
Old Archons who would advise the new ones.
Who was Cylon?
An aristocrat who won an Olympic game and tried to become a tyrant.
Who was Solon?
Solon reformed the Athenian law.
Who was Pisistratus?
A tyrant of Athens who lived games and theatric festivals.
Who was Cleisthenes?
A temporary dictator of Athens who reformed the districts into 10 and made the council 500 people.
What as the average age of marriage for men and for women?
Men was 30 and women was 15
Unlike Sparta where the Polis decided if a baby gets to stay, how does Athens decide?
The father decides
Up until the Hellenistic era, how was education in Athens done?
By Tutors
Could a child sue their parents for lack of education?
Yes
What is some criteria for women to get married?
Submissive and a virgin
How can we measure the value of a woman in Ancient Greece?
Whether the groom gave a dowry to the father or a father gave a dowry to the groom.
What was thrown at newly weds in Ancient Greece?
Nuts
What is “the uncovering”
When a husband took the veil off his new wife
What are the three levels of status of women and what do they mean?
Parthenon (unmarried), Nymphe (married without kids), Gyne (married with children).
What does Prone and Hetaira mean?
Prostitute and Mistress.
What does epikleros and Kyrios mean?
Epikleros (the only child and dauhgter who therefore must marry the closest male relative to carry bloodline. Kyrios (a woman’s guardian).
Ancient Greek art focused on which kind of woman?
Parthenos
What was an action that became sexual in art done by a woman?
Juggling alone.
How was a divorce carried out?
No sex for a month
If there’s a divorce, what percentage of interest needs to be given along weigh returning the dowry?
18 percent.
Who were metics?
Metics were people who contributes to the Polis but weren’t a citizen and didn’t live inside the polis.
Who was the great founder of the Persian Empire?
Cyrus
Who succeeded Cyrus?
Darius
What religion does Darius create ?
Zoroastrianism
What were the provinces set up by Darius called?
Satrapies
What was the Ionia Revolt?
The Ionian poleis trying to leave the Persian empire.
Due to the Ionian revolt, what Persian city did the Greeks burn down?
Sardis
Who was Themistocles?
An Athenian tactician
What is a Trireme?
An Athenian boat with 3 levels of oars made to use against the Persian empire
How many oars did a trireme have?
50
When does Xerxes attack Greece?
480 BCE
How big was Xerxes army?
100,000
What did the Spartans do in response to Persia sending ambassadors?
Kicked then down a well
In the famous Spartan stand, how many soldiers faced Xerxes 100,000 man army?
7000
How many Spartans stayed to fight Xerxes army?
300
What does Xerxes do once he defeats the Spartans?
Burn Athens down
What was the battle of Salamis?
The battle on the island of Salamis where the athenians defeated the Persian fleet.
What is Hellenocentrism?
The idea that the Greeks thought they were the superior civilization.
What is created after the Persian war?
The Delian league.
What was a Cleruchy?
An Athenian military colony.
Where does tragedy come from?
Lyric music
What is Dionysus known for?
Protagonist
What was the festival held for Dionysus?
A 5 day festival in Athens where play writes would compete
What was the orchestras for in Ancient Greek plays?
Dancing
What was the theatron in an Ancient Greek theatre?
The seating area.
What was the proscenium and Skene in Ancient Greek theatre?
Proscenium was where the actors would be and the Skene was the backdrop.
Were women allowed to act in plays?
No
What was Peripeteia?
Sudden reversal of suspense.
What word comes from the feeling of watching Peripeteia?
Catharsis
Who are three Ancient Greek play-writes to know?
Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides.
What was a logographer?
Someone who kept records of different places around the world (like a real life Wikipedia)
Who was the first Historian?
Herodotus
What was Herodotus’s nickname name?
The father of lies
What was Herodotus’ “histories” about?
The Persian wars
What was Herodotus’ theory of history?
Power leads to blindness which leads to arrogance.
Who was the other famous historian after Herodotus?
Thucydides
Who was Pericles?
An Athenian politician who basically started democracy
What was an Ancient Greek liturgy?
A group of people who would fund city events.
What was a major draw back to democracy?
Oppression of minorities
How could someone be Ostracized in Ancient Greece?
It would be brought up and put to a vote
Where dos the word Ostracism come from?
An Ostraca which was apiece of paper where you would write the name of someone you wanted exiled.
Who was Lysias?
A logographer who wrote down a famous trial in Ancient Greece.
Were there paid jurors?
Yes
What was a sophist?
A Kline of teacher that taught wisdom and rhetoric
What is contrapposto?
Greek art technique where the lower real f of a body does the opposite as the top half.
Did female statues have to be clothed?
Yes
What are Naos and Pronaos?
Naos is the big room in the middle of a temple with things dedicated to worship and Pronaos was the little room/balcony in front of the Naos.
What is Peristyle?
Row of columns surrounding Greek buildings.
What is post and lintel construction?
Use of small walls and pillars to decrease a structure weight.
What does acropolis mean?
Highest point in the polis
How did Athens afford to rebuild the acropolis after the Persian wars?
With donations from the Delian league
Doric vs Ionic Style
Doric is more simple and Ionic is fancy.
Define Capital, Shaft, Pediment, Acroterion, Triglyph and metope, Frieze.
Capital (top of the shaft), Shaft (Main length of pillar), Pediment (triangular sort of roof of the temple, atop pillar), Acroterion (sculpture atop the roof, over the pediment), Triglyphe and metope (goes around the length of Doric temples, between the pediment and capital), frieze (around the length of ionic temples).
Where is some of the greatest Greek artwork found?
On the pediment of a structure.
What is the archaic smile?
A smile iconic to the art of the archaic age that shows balance and harmony.
What is red figure vase?
A method of making lottery where the red clay is leaved exposed and used in an artistic style.
What caused the first Peloponnesian war?
Athens power over the Delian league.
Who did Athens have a trade rivalry with during the first Peloponnesian war?
Corinth
Where was the Delian league treasury and where was it moved to?
It was on Delos and was moved to Athens.
Who did Athens call upon to help delegate the first Peloponnesian war?
Cimon
How was the first Peloponnesian war solved?
With a 30 year peace treaty.
What was the alternate name for the 2nd Peloponnesian war?
The Archidamian war
What was Pericles strategy during the 2nd Peloponnesian war?
To play cat and mouse with the advancing Spartans.
What was a consequence of Athens hiding inside their polis for so long?
Plague.
What is Erastes and Eromenos?
Erastes is the pursuer and Eromenos is the pursued.
Who believed in the theory of forms?
Socrates
What does Attic Stelai mean
Slaves as property
Wheat was manumission
The freeing of slaves.
