Exam review Flashcards
how much of the Roman population were slaves?
1/3
what is Silanianum?
a law that says if a master is killed by a slave, the rest have to be tortured for evidence.
what happens if a slave buys or is granted their freedom?
they become part of the masters family and take their family name.
what was the 1st slave war?
in Sicily, Eunus led a band of 400 slaves claiming to be a descendant of a god and took over a Sicilian community. it didn’t end well for the slaves.
what was the Spartacus slave revolt?
Spartacus made a band of slaves that ended up being 100,000 strong. they defeated roman armies and needed up being betrayed by pirate sand defeated by the romans.
who was Pompey the Great?
he was an admirer of Sulla with a good military track record
who was Marcus Crassus “the rich”?
he was an ally of Sulla with military background who timed up with Pompey to take down Spartacus.
what was Pompeys great accomplishment?
defeating all the pirates surrounding the Roma. empire.
what issue was Pompey sent to solve while Crassus and Cicero plotted against him?
the threat of Pontus who was killing roman citizens in the east.
who was Cicero?
Cicero was an ally of Crassus who was proficient in speech and writing.
who was Ciceros competition for consul?
Catiline who ends ups fleeing rome after Cicero collected evidence of him trying to start a civil war.
which three people from a coalition to oppose up and coming politicians?
Caesar, Crassus and Pompey
who was caesar married to?
Sullas opponents, Marius, relative which made Sulla exile him
what was the name for the coalition formed by Caesar, Crassus and Pompey?
the first Triumvirate
where did Caesar govern for 5 years post consulship?
Gaul
how long did caesar end up being governor of Gaul and what was he doing?
10 years as he slowly conquered from the south of France expanding north
why were people scared for Caesars return to rome?
because of the power he amassed in Gaul
how many people did caesar enslave in conquering Gaul?
around 2 million
what is the significance of crossing the Rubicon?
Caesar marched his army from Gaul back into Rome to run for consul again and Pompey warned him not to cross the rubicon but he does and faces Pompey.
where does Pompey flee to after Caesar enters Rome?
he flees to Egypt.
what happens to Pompey?
The Egyptians behead him before caesar can get there
what is Caesar famous fro doing to his opponents?
Forgiving them
what things did Caesar invent that we still use?
the modern calendar and tax system
who killed caesar?
high ranking people including Caesars best friend Brutus
what statue was Caesar famously killed in front of?
A statue of Pompey
who is the first emperor of rome?
Augustus
who was mark Antony?
he was Caesars friend and he made the conspirators who killed caesar to leave rome
what was in Caesars will?
he gave money to the people, the equivalent of $9000 each
what was happening between Mark Antony and Octavius?
Octavius was Caesars grand nephew and heir to Caesar but Mark Antony had taken over Rome so they didn’t get along
How did Octavius and Mark Antony solve their differences?
they made a 3 way dictatorship with Lepidus called the second triumvirate
what was the battle of Phillipi?
the fight against the last of Caesars conspirators
what was the significance of the coin of Brutus?
it marked the end of the conspirators
what was the perusine war?
after mark Antony got the east of the empire and Octavius got the west, mark Antony has kids with Cleopatra, the same as caesar, and then marries Ovtavius’ sister Octavia in order to form an alliance since Mark Antony thought Octavius would fuck up rome. after this Octavius wants to get rid of mark and so goes through his will exposing that he will leave everything to Cleopatra which causes outrage and leads to Cleopatra and mark committing suicide.
what does Octavius become?
Augustus and Imperator
who succeeds Augustus?
His son, Tiberius
what was the Principate?
The new government created by Augustus.
why was cupid frequent in art depicting Augustus?
because he was a descendant of Julius Caesar who was said to be of the family related to Venus and so was cupid.
what does Augustus’ breastplate famously depict?
his peace treaty with the Parthians
what was the most popular house called during the time of Augustus?
The Atrium House
what were the fronts of wealthy roman household commonly used for?
shop fronts
what was the Tabling, Triclinium and Peristyle of a Roman household?
the tabling was the study, triclinium was the dining room and the peristyle is the showcase garden.
what is Fresco Buono?
a method of painting over wet paint so it sets into the wall
what are the 4 styles of interior painting in a roman household?
1st: imitation of temples, 2nd: mock windows, 3rd: fantastical and egyptomania, 4th: portraits.
what is the succession order after Augustus of the Julio-Claudians?
Tiberius, Gaius Calligula, Claudius, Nero.
which Julio-Claudian was close with his mom and then attempted to assassinate her?
Nero
what is marriage in the hand?
marriage in the hand means a women become part of the man family and without the hand means she keeps her dowry and doesn’t give it to the husband.
what was the only requirement for divorce in the Roman Empire?
stay 3 consecutive days apart.
what was the minimum age for men and women to marry?
men was 14, women 12
what is Univira?
the roman concept of only marrying once even if the spouse passes away
was adoption common I the Roman Empire?
yes
what does it mean if the father of the house pick up the child in the atrium?
he officially claims it as his own
how were inheritance laws exercised?
through wills
women had right to property and status but what did they need a male representative for?
business
what is Matrona?
the ideal way for women to act in the republic however this changes in the imperial era
what was important in roman literature?
having literary style and personality
where does the coliseum get its name?
from the statue of Nero in front of it
how many people could the coliseum seat?
45,000
how many amphitheatres did the Roman Empire have?
200
what was the cost of admissions for a show at the coliseum?
free
how was seating assigned at the coliseum?
it was assigned by class
what is the hypogeum?
the basement of the coliseum
where does the underground tunnel of the coliseum lead?
to the gladiator training grounds
what order did coliseum events happen in?
would beast events, executions, Munera
what is Munera?
gladiatorial combat
where might the romans have taken the concept of gladiatorial combat from?
the Etruscans
what was an Infames?
someone who performed in public for money
how many pairs of gladiators would fight a day?
12-13
was gladiator fighting a fight to the death?
usually not
what was a pompa?
parade before a day of festivities
what was a prolusion?
the first fight of a the day when two famous/well old known gladiators would fight
how many referees were there in a gladiator fight ?
2
what did you get when a gladiator bought their freedom?
a palm branch, laurel wreath and a rudis (wooden sword)
name the types of gladiators and their characteristics
Equites (small dude), Murillo (fishman with big shield), Thracian (spearman), Hoplomachus (small round shield and spear), Retiarus (net guy with trident and no helmet), Secutor (round helmet so he can’t be netted).
were there female gladiators?
yes they were just not common
