midterm 2

Question 1

How do ferns and fern allies reproduce?

Answer 1

Spores

Question 2

What are Fronds and what are they composed of?

Answer 2

They are the leaves of the fern. It is composed of the leafy blades and the stipe (stalk)

Question 3

What is the rachis?

Answer 3

The rachis is the midrib

Question 4

what is the tip of the fern called?

Answer 4

Apex.

Question 5

what are single leaflets called?

Answer 5

pinna

Question 6

What are pinnules?

Answer 6

they are the smaller segment of the leaf. attached to the pinna.

Question 7

What is a pinnatifid frond?

Answer 7

The leaf is essentially right against the rachis, there is no petiole.

Question 8

What is a Pinnate frond?

Answer 8

divided into one segment.

Question 9

what is a Bipinnate?

Answer 9

it is divided into two segments

Question 10

what is tripinnate?

Answer 10

it is divided into three segments

Question 11

What does dimorphic mean?

Answer 11

It has both fertile fronds (leaves with sporangia) and sterile frond (leaves without sporangia)

Question 12

what are spore clusters called?

Answer 12

Sorus for singular, sori for plural

Question 13

What coverers the indusium?

Answer 13

the sporangia (sori)

Question 14

What are fiddleheads?

Answer 14

They are emerging fronds that have not yet unrolled

Question 15

Matteuccia struthiopteris

Answer 15

Ostrich fern, have black stolon’s, dimorphic

Question 16

What do horsetails usually contain?

Answer 16

Silica

Question 17

What are the cones on horsetails called?

Answer 17

strobili

Question 18

What are perennial horsetails called

Answer 18

Scoring rushes

Question 19

What are annuals horse tails called?

Answer 19

horse tails

Question 20

Equisetum hyemale

Answer 20

Common scouring rush, black rhizoids, hollow, pointed cones

Question 21

Equisetum arvense

Answer 21

Common horse tail, grows a special shoot to produce spores, fertile stems are unbranched, sterile stems look like a bottle cleaner.

Question 22

What are club mosses?

Answer 22

low, evergreen, non-woody plants , their sporangia are in the cones at the tips of the stem or in the leaf axis

Question 23

Lycopodium annotinum

Answer 23

stiff club moss, yellowish green egg shaped cones, leaves are needle like,

Question 24

What are bryophytes?

Answer 24

they are used to describe two groups of plants - mosses and liverworts. also reproduce with spores

Question 25

What are gametophytes?

Answer 25

they are the mosses and liverworts covering the ground.

Question 26

What are sporophytes?

Answer 26

it is the capsule raised above the gametophyte by a seta

Question 27

What are rhizoids?

Answer 27

it is the thing that anchors the plant to the ground

Question 28

What is a sporophyte composed of?

Answer 28

a foot, the seta and capsule, the capsule contains a lid which is called an operculum and a circle of teeth called peristome. the capsule is initially covered by a membranous hood called calyptra

Question 29

Where do sporophytes grow their female sex organs?

Answer 29

either at the tip, acrocarpous, or along the sides of the branches Pleurocarpous

Question 30

Pleurozium schreberi

Answer 30

big red stem, orange to redish stems, pale yellow green leaves, sporophytes are uncommon

Question 31

hylocomium splendens

Answer 31

ptilium crista-castrensis olive green or reddish green, feather fronds, most common moss.

Question 32

how do peat mosses grow

Answer 32

they grow upright and have branches that occur in clusters (fascicles) The top portion of the stem containing the clusters of young branches is a visible compact head (capitulum)

Question 33

sphagnum warnstofii

Answer 33

warnstorfs peat moss, the most common peat moss purplish red in the sun, green in the shade.

Question 34

Why is peat moss so popular?

Answer 34

has a considerable economic value and has many purposes such as paper or sugars `

Question 35

what are lichens?

Answer 35

they are fungi that has developed a symbiotic relationship with algae, algae gives it nutrients, the lichen protects/shields the algae

Question 36

crust lichens

Answer 36

closely attached to substrate, upper surface is hard

Question 37

scale lichen

Answer 37

tiny shell like lobes with a cottony lower surface, forms overlapping colonies

Question 38

leaf lichen

Answer 38

small to large leaf or strap like lobs, hard lower surface

Question 39

club lichen

Answer 39

unbranched or sparsely branched with upright stems

Question 40

shrub lichen

Answer 40

much branded cylindrical stems, usually tufted.

Question 41

cladina rangiferina

Answer 41

grey reindeer lichen, greyish white, itricite branching

Question 42

usnea cavernosa

Answer 42

hair lichen that grows off conifer branches, very common

Question 43

what are prohibited noxious weeds?

Answer 43

plants not currently found in alberta, in very few locations eradication could be possible.

Question 44

what are noxious weeds?

Answer 44

plants to largely distributed to eradicate.