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Envi-1002 Plant ID > midterm 2 > Flashcards

midterm 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How do ferns and fern allies reproduce?

A

Spores

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2
Q

What are Fronds and what are they composed of?

A

They are the leaves of the fern. It is composed of the leafy blades and the stipe (stalk)

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3
Q

What is the rachis?

A

The rachis is the midrib

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4
Q

what is the tip of the fern called?

A

Apex.

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5
Q

what are single leaflets called?

A

pinna

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6
Q

What are pinnules?

A

they are the smaller segment of the leaf. attached to the pinna.

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7
Q

What is a pinnatifid frond?

A

The leaf is essentially right against the rachis, there is no petiole.

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8
Q

What is a Pinnate frond?

A

divided into one segment.

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9
Q

what is a Bipinnate?

A

it is divided into two segments

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10
Q

what is tripinnate?

A

it is divided into three segments

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11
Q

What does dimorphic mean?

A

It has both fertile fronds (leaves with sporangia) and sterile frond (leaves without sporangia)

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12
Q

what are spore clusters called?

A

Sorus for singular, sori for plural

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13
Q

What coverers the indusium?

A

the sporangia (sori)

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14
Q

What are fiddleheads?

A

They are emerging fronds that have not yet unrolled

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15
Q

Matteuccia struthiopteris

A

Ostrich fern, have black stolon’s, dimorphic

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16
Q

What do horsetails usually contain?

A

Silica

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17
Q

What are the cones on horsetails called?

A

strobili

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18
Q

What are perennial horsetails called

A

Scoring rushes

19
Q

What are annuals horse tails called?

A

horse tails

20
Q

Equisetum hyemale

A

Common scouring rush, black rhizoids, hollow, pointed cones

21
Q

Equisetum arvense

A

Common horse tail, grows a special shoot to produce spores, fertile stems are unbranched, sterile stems look like a bottle cleaner.

22
Q

What are club mosses?

A

low, evergreen, non-woody plants , their sporangia are in the cones at the tips of the stem or in the leaf axis

23
Q

Lycopodium annotinum

A

stiff club moss, yellowish green egg shaped cones, leaves are needle like,

24
Q

What are bryophytes?

A

they are used to describe two groups of plants - mosses and liverworts. also reproduce with spores

25
Q

What are gametophytes?

A

they are the mosses and liverworts covering the ground.

26
Q

What are sporophytes?

A

it is the capsule raised above the gametophyte by a seta

27
Q

What are rhizoids?

A

it is the thing that anchors the plant to the ground

28
Q

What is a sporophyte composed of?

A

a foot, the seta and capsule, the capsule contains a lid which is called an operculum and a circle of teeth called peristome. the capsule is initially covered by a membranous hood called calyptra

29
Q

Where do sporophytes grow their female sex organs?

A

either at the tip, acrocarpous, or along the sides of the branches Pleurocarpous

30
Q

Pleurozium schreberi

A

big red stem, orange to redish stems, pale yellow green leaves, sporophytes are uncommon

31
Q

hylocomium splendens

A

ptilium crista-castrensis olive green or reddish green, feather fronds, most common moss.

32
Q

how do peat mosses grow

A

they grow upright and have branches that occur in clusters (fascicles) The top portion of the stem containing the clusters of young branches is a visible compact head (capitulum)

33
Q

sphagnum warnstofii

A

warnstorfs peat moss, the most common peat moss purplish red in the sun, green in the shade.

34
Q

Why is peat moss so popular?

A

has a considerable economic value and has many purposes such as paper or sugars `

35
Q

what are lichens?

A

they are fungi that has developed a symbiotic relationship with algae, algae gives it nutrients, the lichen protects/shields the algae

36
Q

crust lichens

A

closely attached to substrate, upper surface is hard

37
Q

scale lichen

A

tiny shell like lobes with a cottony lower surface, forms overlapping colonies

38
Q

leaf lichen

A

small to large leaf or strap like lobs, hard lower surface

39
Q

club lichen

A

unbranched or sparsely branched with upright stems

40
Q

shrub lichen

A

much branded cylindrical stems, usually tufted.

41
Q

cladina rangiferina

A

grey reindeer lichen, greyish white, itricite branching

42
Q

usnea cavernosa

A

hair lichen that grows off conifer branches, very common

43
Q

what are prohibited noxious weeds?

A

plants not currently found in alberta, in very few locations eradication could be possible.

44
Q

what are noxious weeds?

A

plants to largely distributed to eradicate.

Envi-1002 Plant ID (4 decks)

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