Graminoids Flashcards
What is the grass family called?
Poaceae
what family is Barley Hordeae in?
Poaceae (grass)
what family is Timothy agrostideae in?
Poaceae (grass)
What family is Fescue Festuceae in?
Poaceae (grass)
What family is Oat aveneae in?
Poaceae (grass)
What family is Canary grass phalaride in?
Poaceae (grass)
What type of flower does timothy have?
Very dense, spike like. short cylindrical panicle. lemmas are shorter than glumes.
What type of leaves does timothy have?
Green to grey, flat, 1-2mm long ligules.
What type of flower does foxtail barley have?
Spike, long hair like awns, green to purplish.
What type of stems do grass have?
They have rounded stem called a culm which is hollow.
What is the flower called on grass?
inflorescence
What are special about grass leaves?
They are arranged in an alternate pattern, they have parallel unbranching veins. covers the culm like a sheath.
What is a spikelet?
one or more flowers and two membranes called a glume
What type of structure is a spike?
(Grass) main axis does not have a branch, spikelets are stalkless
what type of structure is a Raceme?
(Grass) Main axis does not branch, spikelets are stalked
What type of structure is a panicle?
(Grass) Main axis branches , spikelets are stalked.
What two structures help with ID and where are they located?
They are called the lemma and palea. they are around the flower
How are grasses pollinated?
Wind pollination
What family is “Sedges” carex in?
Cyperaceae (Sedge)
What family is cyperaceae?
the sedge family
What family is “spike-rushes” Eleocharis
Cyperaceae (Sedge)
What family is “beak-rushes” Rhynchospora in?
Cyperaceae (sedge)
What family is “Cotton-Grasses” Eriophorum in?
Cyperaceae (Sedges)
What family is “bulrushes” scirpus in?
Cyperaceae (Sedges)
What type of leaves do sedges have?
long, narrow, parallel veined leaves
What type of flowers do sedges have?
Inconspicuous flowers, need magnification to see, flowers have scale like bracts.
How are sedges different from grasses?
the ligule is fused to the base of the leaf blade in sedges and not attached on grasses.
what type of stems do sedges have?
triangular stems that is solid, have no nodes
What type of pollination do sedges use?
wind pollination
What is the sedge structure of a flower?
Made up of lots of smaller florets, they are grouped together into cylindrical or oval clusters called spikes or spikelets. Only have one glume
What family is all unisexual?
Carex
What family is bisexual?
sedges. They have both male and female parts. Three stamens, two to three stigmas and an ovary inside a covering called a utricle.
What is the fertilized ovary called?
nutlet
what family is unisexual?
Sedges. has male and female flowers. male florets have three stamens and one glume, female florets have a bottle shaped utricle with one glume below
What is the largest family in north america boreal region?
Carex, it is also the only sedge to have a special flower structure called perigynium.
What does the ovary in the carex develop into?
it will develop into a seed like fruit called achene. it is covered by a membranous sac called perigynium.
What family is called “Rushes” Juncus?
Juncaceae (Rush)
What is the rush family called?
Juncaceae
What family is “wood-rushes” luzula in?
Juncaceae (Rush)
What is special about the rush family?
They grow straight up and have unjoined cylindrical stems.
What structure does a rush stem have?
It is full of pith, as well as having internal cross walls or structures that provide support
What type of leaves do rushes have?
Usually have few to no leaves. if they do have leaves they are clustered around the base of the stem. The stem does the job of photosynthesis when leaves are not present.
what type of flowers do rushes have?
The flower is called, inflorescence, might have a bract directly below that. Rushes produce fruits called capsules. They are bisexual. Can cluster and look lateral (coming out of the side)
How are rushes pollinated?
Wind
What are the segments around flower capsule called on rushes?
They have six papery segments covering it called perianth segments.
What type of fruit do true rushes have?
a bunch of tiny seeds when ripe
what type of fruit do wood rushes have?
Three large seeds when ripe.
