Midterm

Question 1

What does deciduous mean?

Answer 1

A tree that has broad leaves which seasonally sheds.

Question 2

What does Coniferous mean?

Answer 2

A tree that is cone bearing, usually have thin needles.

Question 3

How do you write plant names?

Answer 3

Underline the Genus name which has to be capitalized and the species, but the species name should not be capitalized.

Question 4

What is a vascular plant?

Answer 4

They have a network of “veins” called the xylem and the phloem.

Question 5

What does the phloem transport?

Answer 5

Transports sugars and metabolites away from the leaves.

Question 6

what does the xylem transport?

Answer 6

Xylem moves water and dissolved nutrients from the roots to the rest of the plant.

Question 7

What is the stem?

Answer 7

an organ that raises and separates leaves exposing them to sunlight.

Question 8

What are nodes?

Answer 8

the point at which the leaves are attached into

Question 9

What are internodes?

Answer 9

The stem segments between nodes.

Question 10

What are Apical buds?

Answer 10

Primary growing point usually at the top of a plant.

Question 11

What are axillary buds?

Answer 11

a bud that grows in the axis of the leaf between the stem

Question 12

What is the leaf?

Answer 12

The main photosynthetic organ

Question 13

What are non-vascular plants?

Answer 13

A plant that does not have an extensive transport system, The body is a gametophyte (n) and is a sporophyte.

Question 14

What are sporophytes?

Answer 14

Sporophytes produces spores and consists of a “foot” that absorbs nutrients.

Question 15

What is an angiosperm?

Answer 15

a flowering plant whose seed develops inside chambers called ovaries, which will turn into flowers and mature into fruit.

Question 16

What are gymnosperms?

Answer 16

They are the “naked seed” plant because their seed is hidden away in a enclosed chamber. (think of cones on a tree)

Question 17

what is a cotyledon?

Answer 17

the seed leaf or embryonic leaf which has a monocot (1 leaf) or dicot. (2 leaves). Monocots are less common.

Question 18

what does annual mean?

Answer 18

completes its life cycle in one season.

Question 19

what are biennials?

Answer 19

They complete their life cycle in two years (or growing seasons)

Question 20

what are perennials?

Answer 20

They complete their life cycle in more than two years. New growth appears from the root.

Question 21

What are carnivorous plants?

Answer 21

although they still conduct photosynthesis, they can supplement their diets by capturing small insects.

Question 22

what is the genus of willow?

Answer 22

salix

Question 23

What does moss need to fertilize?

Answer 23

moss need water because the sperm cannot travel without it.

Question 24

in gymnosperms where is the sporophyte (2n)?

Answer 24

The plant is the sporophyte there is no specific part

Question 25

what are pollen cones?

Answer 25

they are the male cones that produce pollen. there scales are modified leaves.

Question 26

What are ovulate cones?

Answer 26

female eggs are retained in the structure of the cone. they have both modified leaves and modified stem tissues. they are fertilized on the tree and can stay fertilized up for a year before the fertilized seed is released.

Question 27

what is the rhiziod?

Answer 27

it is like an anchor, NOT a root. simply keeps them in one spot.

Question 28

what is the sepal?

Answer 28

they enclose the flower before it has opened to bloom

Question 29

what do the petals do?

Answer 29

They are the interior of the sepal and are brightly coloured to attract pollinators.

Question 30

what are the two fertile organs?

Answer 30

Stamen (male part) and Carpels (female part)

Question 31

What is the stamen?

Answer 31

Produces microspores that develop into male sperm, consists of the stalk (filament) and a terminal sac (anther) where pollen is produced

Question 32

What are carpels?

Answer 32

They produce megaspores that become eggs. This is the structure that distinguishes angiosperm from gymnosperms.

Question 33

What are fertile flowers?

Answer 33

contains one or more ovules, which turn into eggs.

Question 34

What are complete flowers?

Answer 34

They contain all four parts, stamen, carpels, sepal and petals

Question 35

What are incomplete flowers?

Answer 35

They can lack, sepals, flowers, stamens and carpels. Some incomplete flowers are sterile.

Question 36

where does pollen transfer to?

Answer 36

to the stigma

Question 37

what is fertilization?

Answer 37

The fusion of sperm and egg self pollination vs cross pollination

Question 38

what is wind pollination?

Answer 38

pollinators are not needed as the pollen is spread through the wind. They do not need to attract bees or moths so they usually aren't colorful to smell good.

Question 39

what are mediated pollinators?

Answer 39

roughly about 65% of angiosperms require insects for pollination.

Question 40

What are bee pollinators?

Answer 40

they are the most important pollinators, They eat the sweet smelling nectar and pollen

Question 41

how does fruit develop?

Answer 41

the seeds develop from ovules after fertilization. The ovary wall thickens and the ovary matures into the fruit

Question 42

why are fruits important?

Answer 42

fruits protect the seeds and aid in dispersal and can either be fleshy or dry, some dry fruits split open at maturity to release seeds.

Question 43

what is an example of fleshy fruit?

Answer 43

Grapes, tomatoes etc.

Question 44

What is an example of a dry fruit?

Answer 44

some type of nut like cashews, peanuts.

Question 45

in what way have seeds been adapted/

Answer 45

they have seeds that have a 'propeller' of some type. as well as burs, that cling onto animals.

Question 46

what are simple fruits?

Answer 46

they are derived from one carpal or several fused carpels ex pea

Question 47

what are aggregated fruits?

Answer 47

they come from a single flower with multiple clusters, the fruit cluster together. ex Rasputin

Question 48

what are multiple fruits?

Answer 48

develops from a group of closely clustered flowers, the ovaries fuse together into 1 fruit, ex pineapple

Question 49

what are accessory fruits?

Answer 49

parts of the fruit develop from other floral organs. The ovary only makes up a part of the matured fruit. ex apple

Question 50

what is serotiny?

Answer 50

serotiny is just the fact that cones will open for a specific reason?