Midterm Flashcards
What does deciduous mean?
A tree that has broad leaves which seasonally sheds.
What does Coniferous mean?
A tree that is cone bearing, usually have thin needles.
How do you write plant names?
Underline the Genus name which has to be capitalized and the species, but the species name should not be capitalized.
What is a vascular plant?
They have a network of “veins” called the xylem and the phloem.
What does the phloem transport?
Transports sugars and metabolites away from the leaves.
what does the xylem transport?
Xylem moves water and dissolved nutrients from the roots to the rest of the plant.
What is the stem?
an organ that raises and separates leaves exposing them to sunlight.
What are nodes?
the point at which the leaves are attached into
What are internodes?
The stem segments between nodes.
What are Apical buds?
Primary growing point usually at the top of a plant.
What are axillary buds?
a bud that grows in the axis of the leaf between the stem
What is the leaf?
The main photosynthetic organ
What are non-vascular plants?
A plant that does not have an extensive transport system, The body is a gametophyte (n) and is a sporophyte.
What are sporophytes?
Sporophytes produces spores and consists of a “foot” that absorbs nutrients.
What is an angiosperm?
a flowering plant whose seed develops inside chambers called ovaries, which will turn into flowers and mature into fruit.
What are gymnosperms?
They are the “naked seed” plant because their seed is hidden away in a enclosed chamber. (think of cones on a tree)
what is a cotyledon?
the seed leaf or embryonic leaf which has a monocot (1 leaf) or dicot. (2 leaves). Monocots are less common.
what does annual mean?
completes its life cycle in one season.
what are biennials?
They complete their life cycle in two years (or growing seasons)
what are perennials?
They complete their life cycle in more than two years. New growth appears from the root.
What are carnivorous plants?
although they still conduct photosynthesis, they can supplement their diets by capturing small insects.
what is the genus of willow?
salix
What does moss need to fertilize?
moss need water because the sperm cannot travel without it.
in gymnosperms where is the sporophyte (2n)?
The plant is the sporophyte there is no specific part
what are pollen cones?
they are the male cones that produce pollen. there scales are modified leaves.
What are ovulate cones?
female eggs are retained in the structure of the cone. they have both modified leaves and modified stem tissues. they are fertilized on the tree and can stay fertilized up for a year before the fertilized seed is released.
what is the rhiziod?
it is like an anchor, NOT a root. simply keeps them in one spot.
what is the sepal?
they enclose the flower before it has opened to bloom
what do the petals do?
They are the interior of the sepal and are brightly coloured to attract pollinators.
what are the two fertile organs?
Stamen (male part) and Carpels (female part)
What is the stamen?
Produces microspores that develop into male sperm, consists of the stalk (filament) and a terminal sac (anther) where pollen is produced
What are carpels?
They produce megaspores that become eggs. This is the structure that distinguishes angiosperm from gymnosperms.
What are fertile flowers?
contains one or more ovules, which turn into eggs.
What are complete flowers?
They contain all four parts, stamen, carpels, sepal and petals
What are incomplete flowers?
They can lack, sepals, flowers, stamens and carpels. Some incomplete flowers are sterile.
where does pollen transfer to?
to the stigma
what is fertilization?
The fusion of sperm and egg self pollination vs cross pollination
what is wind pollination?
pollinators are not needed as the pollen is spread through the wind. They do not need to attract bees or moths so they usually aren’t colorful to smell good.
what are mediated pollinators?
roughly about 65% of angiosperms require insects for pollination.
What are bee pollinators?
they are the most important pollinators, They eat the sweet smelling nectar and pollen
how does fruit develop?
the seeds develop from ovules after fertilization. The ovary wall thickens and the ovary matures into the fruit
why are fruits important?
fruits protect the seeds and aid in dispersal and can either be fleshy or dry, some dry fruits split open at maturity to release seeds.
what is an example of fleshy fruit?
Grapes, tomatoes etc.
What is an example of a dry fruit?
some type of nut like cashews, peanuts.
in what way have seeds been adapted/
they have seeds that have a ‘propeller’ of some type. as well as burs, that cling onto animals.
what are simple fruits?
they are derived from one carpal or several fused carpels ex pea
what are aggregated fruits?
they come from a single flower with multiple clusters, the fruit cluster together. ex Rasputin
what are multiple fruits?
develops from a group of closely clustered flowers, the ovaries fuse together into 1 fruit, ex pineapple
what are accessory fruits?
parts of the fruit develop from other floral organs. The ovary only makes up a part of the matured fruit. ex apple
what is serotiny?
serotiny is just the fact that cones will open for a specific reason?
