Midterm 2 Flashcards
Presumptive tests
Tests that are non-specific and help a forensics science identify several particular drugs, that the substance is likely to be
LSD
Originally produced from ergot fungus that is found on some plants and grasses
Drugs
Substances that produce physiological or psychological effects in humans
Hallucinogens
Alter an individuals, mood perceptions, or thoughts
Ecstasy
One of the most popular club drugs originally presented as an appetite, suppressant this synthetic drug produces feelings of happiness, as well as hallucinations
Depressants
Slow down the central nervous system
Club drugs
Synthetic drugs that are typically used in bars, night clubs, raves, and other gatherings
Color tests
Involve introducing a chemical reaction to the drug and observing whether or not the material changes color
Barbiturates
A form of depressants. They are often referred to as “downers” as they tend to relax individual and produce sleep.
Opium
Milky substance that is obtained by cutting into the unripe, pod of the poppy plant, which is found in many parts of Asia
Stimulants
Speed up the central nervous system
Confirmatory tests
Prove a drugs identity
cocaine
Extracted from the coca plant, which is found in tropical areas of Asia and South America
#stimulant drug
Narcotics
Painkilling or pain, reducing substances that tend to reduce the rates of bodily functions, like pulse and breathing
Many produced from opium
#drug
Carbon monoxide
A chemical produced, when organic materials are not completely combusted
Toxicology
The study of substances that cause adverse effects in humans or other organisms
Hermann Boerhaave
Dutch botanist and physician, who suggested that poisons could be detected in a persons body through the use of chemical means
#poison
Forensic toxicology
The use of toxicology in the process of investigating deaths, drug cases, or suspected poisonings
Strychnine
Comes from the seeds of the strychnine tree; poisoning can occur through consumption, inhalation, or absorption by mucous membranes
#poison
Arsenic
Has probably killed more individuals than any other poison
The substance is actually a common element, found in the crust of the Earth, as well as other natural locations, and most of the compounds found have little taste or odor
Ricin
Naturally produced in the seeds of the castor oil plant, it is extremely poisonous when ingested or inhaled
#poison
Reinsch test
Test used to determine the presence of heavy metals
#Poison
Cyanide
Poison used in the infamous Jonestown massacre in 1978. Where over 900 people died.
Johan, Daniel Metzger
Developed a method of detecting arsenic in solutions
Mathieu Orfila
I Spanish, born chemist, who published one of the first written, works educated to the topic of poisons and medication’s
Aconite
Sometimes known as women’s bane , wolfsbane, or monks head, this poison comes from the aconite plant
#poison
Joseph Plenic
Suggested that detection and identification of poisons needed to occur through the organs of the body, in order to be sure of poisoning
Percent saturation
The ratio of hemoglobin that has been combined with carbon monoxide in comparison to hemoglobin that has been combined with oxygen
James marsh
Developed a way to test for arsenic in tissue
Natural variations
Small differences that appear in any repeated samples of a persons handwriting
Questioned document
Any document with handwriting or type writing that is in question as to its authenticity
Erasure
The removal of hand, writing, typescript, or another feature of a document using chemicals, abrasive surfaces (sandpaper, and eraser, etc) or other means
Obliteration
The crossing out or overriding of original material to make it unreadable
Transmitting terminal identifier
Header that is printed on the top of each fax
Digitizing
Happens when a document image is stored in digital memory
Exemplars
Authentic samples that are compared to the questioned document
Altered documents
Documents that have been changed in some way
Stereoscopic microscope
Provides a three-dimensional image of an item, although it does not have the magnifying power of a compound microscope
Microscopes
Devices that use lenses to magnify items
Natural fibers
Fibers made from plant or animal materials
Manufactured fibers
Made up of polymers
Comparison, microscope
Combines two microscope’s into one unit, allowing the viewer to see what is under each of the lenses at the same time
Solvent
Works to dissolve or dispersing substances into a liquid form
#paint
Compound microscope
Has two lenses and can magnify an item up to 1500 times
Molecule
Two or more atoms joined together by chemical bonds
PDQ
Paint data query,
A database of information about vehicle paint
Pigments
Consist of both organic and non-organic compounds and materials that are added to paint to produce a particular color
Scanning electron microscope
Works by shooting a beam of electrons at an item and recording the electron emissions that occur
Binders
Substances that provides support or structure for the pigment in paint
Polymers
Substance is made up of many atoms, with the atoms arranged in repeating patterns
The Scott test is used when which drug is suspected
Cocaine
What type of drug is barbiturates?
Depressants
What plant is opium produced from
Unripe pod of poppy plant
The van urk test is used when which drug is suspected
LSD
To test for the presence of drugs in humans, they use
Blood hair saliva
Stimulants are also called what
Uppers
Most commonly and widely used a depressant in the US
Alcohol
What drug slows down the central nervous system
Depressants
What does spectrophotometry use to help identify drugs
Light
What drug is ecstasy?
Club drugs
What type of drugs are legal painkillers like OxyContin?
Narcotics
What do microcrystalline tests examine about the crystals that form?
Morphology
What is used in a Reinsch test?
A copper strip
What is women’s bane or wolfsbane?
Aconite
The high rate of death during the 1918 Spanish influenza has due in part to what
Aspirin toxicity
Characteristics of poison that are attracting to criminals
Easily hidden taste and odor
Easy administration
Easily found and accessible
Which poison was used in the Jonestown massacre
Cyanide
Symptoms of arsenic
Meeslines in fingernails and toenails
Darkening skin
Peripheral nerve problems
Irritation to the stomach and intestines
Pain and vomiting, diarrhea
Example of a heavy metal that is toxic to humans
Arsenic
Which poison can be identified by a color test?
Cyanide
When carbon monoxide enters the bloodstream
It combines with hemoglobin
The percent saturation of carbon monoxide poisoning is always 34%
False false false
Ricin might be used as
A potential terrorist weapon
Elements that influence our hand writing
The way we hold a pencil
The pressure we use to write
The speed we write with
Same words and phrases as the question document
Is helpful
What might be used to help enhance the information on a receipt
Digitizing
Stamp signatures are
Not always illegal
To see if correction fluid has been used on a document
It can be put up in front of the light in the area will appear opaque
Transmitting terminal identifier is found on documents from what device
Fax machine
To take a sample of ink on a document
Forensic scientist may take a needle with a blunt and and punch it through the document on an ink line
Who maintains a database of thin layer, chromatography results for different pens, ink, and toners
The US, Secret Service and the IRS
Exemplary are what type of sample
Authentic
A compound microscope can magnify up to
1500 times
When a polarized white light is sent through a synthetic fiber, how many perpendicular rays are created
Two
Which microscope has the highest potential magnification?
Scanning electron microscope
Fibers are only valuable when
They can determine where it came from
Scanning electron microscope works by
Shooting a beam of electrons at the item, and recording the electron emissions that occur
What does pigment do to paint
Gives it color
The most widely found natural fiber is
Cotton
Polymers contain how many atoms
Thousands
Microspectrophotometer measures what
Light absorption
What microscope produces a three-dimensional image of the object under the lens
Stereoscopic microscope
How many layers of paint are there on typical manufactured vehicles?
For
Taking a cross-section of a fiber can reveal
The shape of the fiber
Pigments are made of
Natural and unnatural materials
