Final 1 Flashcards
Bore
A gun barrel
Caliber
The diameter of the gun barrel
Distance détermination
The process of estimating the distance between where a shot is fired and it’s target
Griess test
Uses chemicals to develop gunpowder residue patterns, particularly around bullet holes.
Grooves
The low areas cut into the barrel produced by rifling
Lands
Raised areas between the grooves in a gun barrel produced by rifling
Rifling
Spiral grooves cut into the barrel of a gun in order to make a bullet spin as it is fired
Serial number
Numbers impressed on a good for identification purposes
Tool mark
When a tool comes into contact with another surface, like a door, and creates a scratch or impression.
Adipocere
The creation of a waxy substance, when there is hydrogenation of the fat in the body
Algor mortis
The gradual cooling of the body after death, until it reaches the temperature of the air around
Bill Bass
Founded the forensic anthropology facility
Body farm
Another name for the forensic anthropology facility
Cause of death
The medical problem that leads to death, such as blunt, force, trauma, internal bleeding, blood loss, or gunshot
Forensic autopsy
Post Mortem examination
Indicative acts
Actions or behaviors that may have taken place before death ( or the absence of these behaviors )
Liver Mortis
The settling of blood in the lowest parts of the body
Manner of death
This may be suicide or homicide in a forensic autopsy, as opposed to disease or other natural causes
Mechanism of death
Refers to any instrument or weapon used in a death, such as a knife or firearm
Mummification
A drying of the body and it tissues
Putrefaction
afterdeath
Occurs because of bacterial activity and includes bloating, gas, formation, loss of hair and nails, and skin slippage
Rigor mortis
Relaxation of the bodies muscles after death, followed by gradual process of rigidity in the muscles
Taphonomy
The study of what happens to animals or humans between the time that they die in the time that their remains are found
Hybridization
Binds together DNA with a complementary DNA sequence
Part of RFLP
Codis
A software program that contains DNA profiles of convicted, offenders, missing, persons, crime scene evidence, and other sources
Denaturing
The breaking of the hydrogen bonds that hold the two strands of DNA together, creating single strands
Polymerase chain reaction
PCR
Creates strands of DNA from small samples of DNA at crime scenes
Complementary base pairing’s
Pairings on the DNA strands
Adenine bond with thymine AT
Cytosine bonds with guanine CG
Extension
creates a complementary new strand of DNA to the single strand
Part of PCR
Mitochondrial, DNA
Inherited from one’s mother, and is found outside of the cell nucleus
Annealing
The process of reforming a double DNA strand
Part of pcr
Replication
The process of creating new DNA from existing DNA
Chromosomes
Rod like structures that contain genetic material
Inside the nucleus of each cell
About 30,000 genes are found in each
#DNA
DNA thermal cycler
Small sample of DNA placed here
Creates a copy of the DNA through an automated process
#PCR
Genes
The basic and fundamental part of heridty
Buccal cells
Cells from the lining of the inner cheek
Mitochondria
The small structures in the cell that are responsible for creating energy and carry several pieces of DNA
DNA typing
The means of distinguishing the DNA of one person from another
#STR
Tandem repeats
A section of a chromosome that has multiple copies of a particular DNA sequence occurring in a repeating fashion
#STR
Accelerant
Any substance used to start a fire
Blast effect
The outward rush of gases from the bombs site of origin
Explosion
When gases expand because of a chemical or mechanical action
High explosives
These materials ignite, almost instantaneously, and include dynamite and TNT
Hydrocarbons
Compound that consists of hydrogen and carbon
Mixtures of this often set deliberately with petroleum products, such as gasoline
#arson
Ion-mobility spectrometer
Vacuum to test for explosive materials
Low explosives
Decompose slowly, and include black powder and smokeless powder
Molotov cocktails
Bombs made by placing gasoline in a glass jar and using an ignition source
Point of origin
The place where a fire began
Primary explosives
Easily ignited or detonated and are very sensitive to heat and friction
Type of high explosive
Secondary explosives
much less sensitive to heat and friction
typically have to be ignited through the use of other explosive materials
Substrate control
An uncontaminated sample
Taking for physical evidence suspected of containing a flammable liquid
How long does gun powder residue remain on the shooters hand
 A few hours
When is toolmark is found what is done first
Taking a photograph of the Mack
What is used to make a cast of toolmark
Silicone rubber
I tall suspected of being used at a crime scene should
Not be tried out in a tumor to see if it fits
If a gun is fired from 1 inch or less from the target, the lead pattern will be in which shape
 A circle
Bullets should be transported in what
 Tissue paper
Rigor mortis typically disappears after how many hours
12 to 36 hours
Forensic anthropology facility is located in which US state
Tennessee
Pure dental diseases in teeth and ostheoarthritis common problems that show up on
Skeletal remains
In liver mortis the discoloration on the body is often in which color
Purple
How soon will insect activity weekend for a body left in the open?
Immediately
During an autopsy
All organs are removed from the body, weighed and examined for any damage that might reveal information about the cause of death
Within about three hours after death what happens to the eyes
A thin, cloudy film develops
Liver Mortis reaches its maximum, how many hours after death
8 to 12 hours
A light meal with digestion how many hours
One to two hours
Who discovered DNA typing?
Alec Jeffries
DNA sample should not be stored where
A car trunk
How many bases are there in nuclear
 For
Major potential problem with DNA evidence
Contamination
MtDNA is transferred along
Matrilineal lineage
About how many cells are present in our bodies?
60 trillion
Techniques used to analyze DNA
PCR, STR,RFLP
Where are chromosomes located in relation to a cell
Inside the nucleus of the cell
What is the first technology used to analyze evidence arrived in lab from an explosion
Microscope
Materials are evidence collected from and explosion are contained in
Airtight containers
The outward rush of gases from the bomb side of origin can be as high as what
7000 mph
PCR three stages
Denaturing, annealing, and extension
IBIS
Integrated ballistic identification system
Database of digital images showing they identifying features of bullets and casings
Created for the bureau of alcohol, tobacco and firearms and explosives
