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Forensic Science > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Locates exchange principle

A

States that there is an exchange of materials when two objects come into contact with each other

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2
Q

Digital forensics

A

The field of forensic science that investigates digital evidence found on devices like laptop and smartphones

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3
Q

Calvin Goddard

A

Found a way of using a comparison microscope to improve this technique to better match bullets

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4
Q

Forensic science

A

The application of science to the criminal justice system

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5
Q

Forensic odontology

A

Provides insight into the identification of individuals through their teeth

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6
Q

Expert witness

A

Someone whom the court deems has special knowledge relevant to the case, generally knowledge an ordinary person would not have

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7
Q

Forensic sociology

A

The application of social science to criminal investigations

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8
Q

Edmond Locard

A

Showed the issue of cross contamination

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9
Q

Forensic entomology

A

Uses the study of insects to help criminal investigations

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10
Q

Forensic pathology

A

Studies sudden, unexplained, and violent deaths by using autopsies to determine the cause of death in an individual

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11
Q

Leone Lattes

A

Figured out a way to determine the type of blood from dried blood stain and began using the new test to criminal investigations

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12
Q

Forensics psychiatry

A

Focuses on the relationship between human behavior and criminal justice

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13
Q

Francis Galton

A

Showed the uniqueness of fingerprints and how they could be used for identification

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14
Q

Autopsy

A

A dissection and examination of the body, often to determine why the person died

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15
Q

Forensic anthropology

A

Specializes in the identification and examination of skeletal remains

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16
Q

Testimony

A

Verbal statement given under oath

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17
Q

Mathieu Orfila

A

Known as the father of toxicology

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18
Q

Pathology

A

A science that deals with disease

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19
Q

Chain of custody

A

A list of all persons who had possession of the evidence during the crime investigation

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20
Q

Close-up photographs

A

Focus on an injury, a weapon, or a piece of evidence to show detail

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21
Q

Crime scene

A

The place where a crime occurred

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22
Q

Finished sketch

A

A precise representation of the scene

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23
Q

First responder

A

The first person that arrives at the scene

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24
Q

Fourth amendment

A

Protects individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures

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25
Q

Intermediate photographs

A

Are closer to the evidence, but they still show the area surrounding the evidence

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26
Q

Known sample

A

A sample that comes from a particular person or place

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27
Q

Overview photographs

A

Show the crime scene in wide angles

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28
Q

Physical evidence

A

Anything that can establish a crime has happened and anything that links the crime and the criminal

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29
Q

Question sample

A

A sample of physical evidence that is collected at a crime scene

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30
Q

Rough sketches

A

Show the location of evidence and contain accurate account of the distances between them and the dimensions of the crime scene

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31
Q

Secondary crime scenes

A

Additional sites where criminal activity might’ve happened

32
Q

Trace evidence

A

Evidence that is small and often hard to find

33
Q

Unknown sample

A

Example of physical evidence that is collected at a crime scene

34
Q

Chemical properties

A

Describe what happens when a substance reacts with another substance

35
Q

Comparison

A

The process of testing a suspect sample with a known sample to prove whether or not they share a common origin

36
Q

Concentric fractures

A

Fractors that form a circle around the point of impact

37
Q

Demonstrated evidence

A

Evidence that is used to help
recreate or illustrate a crime

38
Q

Documentary evidence

A

Any type of written or recorded evidence, such as a recording of a telephone conversation or video recording of a crime

39
Q

Minutiae

A

The ridge endings, enclosures, and other details that make up a fingerprint

40
Q

Physical evidence

A

Includes tangible objects, including weapons, trace evidence like hair, blood or fibers, and fingerprints

41
Q

Physical properties

A

Describe a substance or object without referring to any other substance

42
Q

Probability

A

The frequency of an event

43
Q

Radial fractures

A

Extend outward from the point of impact, almost like the spokes on a wheel
This tend to happen first when pane of glass is struck

44
Q

Soil

A

Surface material from the Earth, both natural and artificial

45
Q

Testimony

A

The evidence given by witnesses during a trial

46
Q

Nuclear DNA

A

Found in the nucleus of the cell and is inherited from both biological parents

47
Q

Visible fingerprints

A

Created when a surface is touched after the finger has been in contact with another substance, such as blood, ink, or paint

48
Q

Hemoglobin

A

A protein that transports oxygen and gives blood its red coloring

49
Q

Precipitin test

A

Used to distinguish between animal and human blood

50
Q

Medulla

A

A set of cells that runs through a hair

51
Q

Mitochondrial DNA

A

Found in small structures outside the nucleus of a cell and is inherited from the biological mother

52
Q

Morphology

A

Hair’s form and structure

53
Q

Luminol

A

Very sensitive test today identified blood stains, which can show blood even when it has been diluted up to 300,000 times

54
Q

Whorl fingerprints

A

Have Ridge patterns that are circular in shape with two deltas
30 to 35% of the population

55
Q

Loop fingerprints

A

Characterized by ridge lines that enter on one side, loop around, and exit on the same side
60 to 65% of the population

56
Q

Latent fingerprints

A

Made by the oil and perspiration on a finger that is deposited on a surface

57
Q

Arch fingerprints

A

Average lines which start on one side and exit on the other side of the print
5% of the population

58
Q

Plastic prints

A

Prints created when the finger touches a soft material like soap or putty

59
Q

4 types of evidence

A

Physical
Documentary
Demonstrative
Testimony

60
Q

3 tasks of a forensic scientist

A

Collect and analyze evidence
Service an expert witness and give testimony
Train other professionals

61
Q

4 criteria to establish an expert witness

A

Education
Number of years of experience in the field
Membership and professional organizations
Any books or other publications that the person has authored

62
Q

How many crime laboratories in us currently

A

320

63
Q

What book has the first written record of medical knowledge to solving crime in a description of how to distinguish between strangulation and drowning

A

A Chinese book

64
Q

Individual characteristics

A

Properties associated with a common source to high degree of certainty

65
Q

Class characteristics

A

Those that can only be associated with a group and not a single source
May also have individual characteristics

66
Q

When the drug heroin comes into contact with the Marquis Regent chemical what happens

A

It turns purple

67
Q

3 types of fingerprints

A

Loop
Whorls
Arch

68
Q

It’s a fingerprint is discovered on a dark surface what color fingerprint powder might be used

A

Grey

69
Q

True or false. The properties of hair do not change as we age

A

False

70
Q

What is the best source of nuclear DNA when working with hair samples

A

Follicular tissue

71
Q

What system is the first system to classify blood types

A

ABO system

72
Q

Cording to the 2015 FBI investigations in trials were here evidence was presented what percentage included flawed testimony on hair samples

A

95%

73
Q

What type of fingerprint is invisible to the naked eye

A

Latent fingerprints

74
Q

How many full length strands of hair are collected from the scalp to use as a sample

A

50

75
Q

Hello

A

Snoopy

Forensic Science (4 decks)

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