Midterm 2 Flashcards
What is emotion?
A complex reaction pattern to personally relevant events (physical and social challenges and opportunities).
What is emotion?
A complex reaction pattern to personally relevant events (physical and social challenges and opportunities).
What is the James-Lange theory?
Emotions are the result of perceiving bodily changes in response to some stimulus in the environment. Different emotions are associated with different patterns of bodily responses.
What is the Canon-Bard theory?
Bodily response and emotional experience occur at the same time following a stimulus.
What is the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory?
Physiological changes are crucial for emotional experience, but emotion involves cognitive judgments about the source of these changes, not just the perception of these changes.
-›Emotional response is the result of an interpretative label applied to a bodily response
What is the specific issue with the James-Lange theory?
It can take quite a bit of time for the body to respond to some types of emotional stimuli, and even longer for these bodily impulses to make their way back to the brain. Also, bodily changes are not always enough to produce emotional experience.
What is the specific issue with the Canon-Bard theory?
Why do we have the subjective impression that our bodies are doing different things in different emotional states?
What is a focal emotion?
An emotion that is particularly common within a particular culture.
What is the affect valuation theory?
Emotions that promote important cultural ideals will be more valued and will tend to play a more prominent role in the social lives of individuals.
What are display rules?
Culturally specific rules that govern how, when, and to whom people express emotions. People can intensify (ex: force a smile), de-intensify (ex: supress the urge to laugh), or neutralize their emotions (ex: make a poker face).
What is the broaden-and-build hypothesis?
Positive emotions broaden our patterns of thinking, helping us expand our understanding of the world and other people.
In contrast, negative emotions narrow our attention on the details of what we are perceiving.
What is active forecasting?
Predicting future emotions, or what one’s emotional reactions to potential future events will be (ex: should I become a doctor or a DJ, which will make me happier?)
What is the psychological immune system?
A system of largely non-conscious cognitive processes that help us change our view of the world, so we can feel better about the world we find ourselves in.
What is immune neglect?
The failure to take the effects of the psychological immune system into account when making our affective forecasts.
What is focalism?
A tendency to focus too much on a central aspect of an event (the focal event, like a breakup or a lottery win) while neglecting the possible impact of associated factors or other events.
Ex: We might feel despair upon learning that a romantic partner is leaving us, but we fail to consider how other aspects of our lives will influence how happy we are.
