Midterm #2 Flashcards
What is a suspect category in civil court?
Any legislation that involves singling out any one race, ethnicity, religion, or alienage.
What is a Quasi-Suspect category in civil court?
This has to do with discriminations against women. Any legislation—federal, state, or local—that introduces sex-based categories has to rest on an important state purpose
What is a non-suspect category in civil court?
Anything that’s outside of suspect or Quasi categories. This includes age, gender identity, sexual orientation, or physical handicaps.
Explain Dred Scott v. Sandford
Dred Scott, a slave, argued that because he was taken to live in a free state before returning to Missouri, that he should be free. It was deemed that no territory could restrict slavery or elevate black men into citizenship.
What is the Emancipation Proclomation?
Abraham Lincoln’s executive order than any slaves in the rebellious states are freed.
What is the 13th Amendment?
Abolishment of slavery.
What is the 10th Amendment ?
Any powers not specifically delegated to the United States, are given to the States.
What is the 14th Amendment?
Granted all U.S. born people citizenship and granted all citizens:
No state shall “deprive any person of life, liberty or property without due process of law; nor deny to any person . . . the equal protection of the laws.”
What is the 15th Amendment?
Prohibits the federal or state governments from restricting a mans right to vote based on their race.
What is the 19th Amendment?
Granted the women the right to vote.
What was the Reconstruction?
A failed attempt by both the north and the south to rebuild the ravaged war-land and establish racial equality following the civil war.
What were Literacy Tests?
Very difficult and biased tests given to people in the south in order to vote. Was used as a way to suppress black voting rights granted by the 15th Amendment.
What were the Jim Crow laws?
Racial segregation laws in the South from the years 1890 to 1965. These laws were often violently enforced.
What was Plessy v. Ferguson
A supreme court case that granted legality to racial segregation. As long as each facility were of equal quality, you could separate into separate facilities based on race.
What is the difference between De jure discrimination and De facto discrimination?
De jure is discrimination based on laws, such as segregation laws. De facto is discrimination that aren’t based on laws, such as racially segregated neighborhoods.
What is Brown v. Board?
The supreme court case that ended segregation in public schools. It was deemed that there was no place for segregation, and that segregation with equality did not exist.
Who were the freedom riders?
Both white and black people who rode the busses together in protest of the segregation in interstate bus lines.
What was the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
A massive legislation that forbade discrimination of any kind based on race, sec, religion, or national origin.
Where did Women’s Suffrage begin?
The Seneca Falls Convention was the first meeting dedicated to Women’s rights, which was held in July 1848. It spread in popularity, and by the early 1900’s most Western and Midwestern states granted women the right to vote, while the south opposed it.
What was the Equal Rights Amendment and how was it killed?
The ERA was an amendment that asked for the “Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied… on the accounts of sex”. Phyllis Schlafly was able to end the movement based on his argument that the ERA would ruin traditional family values. He said “most women was to be a wife, mother, and homemaker.”
