Midterm

Question 1

_____is generally felt after we inadvertently breach a social norm or receive unwanted or unexpected attention and reveals our concern for others feelings as well as has the ability to _____.

Answer 1

Embarrassment; make us more likable.

Question 2

_____ is the phenomenon that a person in a group will have more extreme view to be better liked by the group.

Answer 2

Group polarization

Question 3

“In the Milgram experiments, the participants were told a set of instructions by an experimenter in a white lab coat. Because this experimenter appeared as an authority, the participants were more likely to display:”

Answer 3

obedience

Question 4

Name calling and physical aggression toward an opposing group is known as what?

Answer 4

hostile between-group interactions

Question 5

Asch s experimental results demonstrated:

Answer 5

that people often conform to the majority view even though it contradicted the evidence of their own eyes.

Question 6

Name calling and physical aggression toward an opposing group is known as what?

Answer 6

hostile between-group interactions

Question 7

Asch s experimental results demonstrated:

Answer 7

that people often conform to the majority view even though it contradicted the evidence of their own eyes.

Question 8

“Annie, a salesperson, goes door-to-door selling vacuum-cleaners and as a gift, offers a free bottle of furniture polish to potential customers. After receiving the gift, she finds that many potential customers decide to buy the product. What norm is Annie taking advantage of in hopes of making a sale?”

Answer 8

the reciprocity norm

Question 9

Ivan Pavlov earned the Nobel Prize in digestion before discovering the learning process known as _____.

Answer 9

classical conditioning

Question 10

“Support for the expectancy theory of classical conditioning comes from research showing that conditioning occurs only, or at least mainly, when the new stimulus:”

Answer 10

provides information that truly helps the animal predict the arrival of the unconditioned stimulus.

Question 11

The _____ must signal heightened probability of occurrence of the _____ for classical conditioning to take place.

Answer 11

conditioned stimulus; unconditioned stimulus

Question 12

“Victor took a vacation to Russia where he toured the original laboratory of Pavlov. When he was in the laboratory, he thought back to the impact that Pavlov s work had on _____, the founder of behaviorism, and his well-known study called _____.”

Answer 12

Watson; the Little Albert study

Question 13

“In classical conditioning terms, the conditioned stimulus must be _____ in order to elicit a reaction.”

Answer 13

paired with an unconditioned stimulus

Question 14

_____ conducted the classic study that demonstrated fear could be conditioned in humans.

Answer 14

Watson

Question 15

“A male redwing black bird will sing to keep to other males of the other species away. The male redwing black bird singing is an example of _____, while a human s craving for sugar is a _____ characteristic.”

Answer 15

functionalism; vestigial

Question 16

Which of the following is true of the species-typical behavior of emotional expressions in humans?

Answer 16

The six basic human emotional expressions occur in people around the world despite what culture they come from.

Question 17

What affect does learning have on human emotional expressions?

Answer 17

“As humans, our basic emotional expressions are a biological predisposition, a species-typical behavior, but cultural differences among expressions are learned.”

Question 18

Tryon s experiment in which he bred generations of mice based on their ability to learn a maze and mated those who had the fewest errors (named the bright strain) and those who had the most errors (named the dull strain). The process Tryon used to mate the mice is called:

Answer 18

selective breeding.

Question 19

Which of the following are most likely due to a change in a single-gene locus?

Answer 19

brain disorders

Question 20

The degree to which the numbers in a set differ from one another and their mean is defined as:

Answer 20

variability.

Question 21

A(n) _____ is any research study in which the subjects are brought to a specially designated area that has been set up to facilitate the researcher s collection of data or control over environmental conditions.

Answer 21

laboratory study

Question 22

“Suzie s research project entails sitting outside the campus library for two hours each day and recording how many people ride bicycles, what kinds of bicycles they are, and any other interesting observations. Suzie is conducting a(n) _____ study.”

Answer 22

descriptive

Question 23

What is the most effective way to guard against biased sampling?

Answer 23

assign subjects randomly to groups

Question 24

The statistic that are used to summarize sets of data is called:

Answer 24

a descriptive statistic.

Question 25

Cultural psychology is the field of psychology that studies:

Answer 25

large groups of people and how values and attitudes shape the behavior of people living within those groups.

Question 26

What level of education do most professional psychologists have?

Answer 26

doctoral degree

Question 27

What role did the Law of Association by Contiguity play in empiricist philosophy?

Answer 27

it is the most basic operating principle of the mind s machinery

Question 28

“Conditions like sickle-cell anemia have a low fitness value in the general human population, and therefore the trait is not common. However, in communities which have high malaria infection rates the sickle-cell trait is common because the trait confers immunity from malaria. This is an example of the process of _____ because the communities are adapting to their environment.”

Answer 28

natural selection

Question 29

Which field of psychology studies large groups of people and how values and attitudes shape the behavior of people living within those groups?

Answer 29

cultural psychology

Question 30

The research specialty that centers on how the nervous system produces specific types of experience or behavior is referred to as:

Answer 30

behavioral neurroscience