Midterm Flashcards
Element
Basic form of matter
Compound
2+ elements combined
Homogeneous Mixture
same thru out
Heterogeneous Mixture
different thru out
Broken down physical change, chemical, or neither
Element - neither
Compound - chemically
Mixture - physically
What are intensive physical properties
observed w/out permanently changing substance
density, color, and boiling point
Chemical property
Flammability or reacting w/acid or Cl
Four signs of chemical change
1) unexpected color change
2) change in heat or light
3) producing new gas
4) formation of precipitate
Solid
Definite volume and shape
Movement of paricles: Vibration
Liquid
Definite volume, not definite shape
Movement: Flowing
Gases
Not definite shape or volume
Movement: random
Scientific notation
move the decimal so that the number is one whole and one after the decimal
Sig Fig rules
1) non-zero numbers = significant
2) zero at the end, after decimal = sig
3) zero’s between numbers = sig
4) zero at end w/out decimal = not sig
5) zero at beginning before/after decimal = not sig
Calculation sig fig rules
multi/div: least number of sig figs
add/sub: least number of decimals
Calculation triangle
m/d*v
Volume of rectangular cub
V = to length * width * height
Water displacement
1) put water in gradulated cylinder & record volume
2) add irregular solid to cylinder & record new volume
3) subtract finial volume & initial volume
Average
add all numbers then divide by number of trials
Precise Data
similar values for each trial
Accurate data
close to accepted value
Define Atom
smallest part of an element w/ the properties of that element
Molecule
2+ atoms chemically combined
Protons, Electrons, & neutrons
Protons: pos charge, 1 amu mass, located inside the atom
Electrons: neg charge, 0 amu mass, located outside the atom
Neutrons: no charge, 1 amu mass, located inside the atom
Equations
M= p + n
A = p = e
n = M - A
Mass over Atomic number when reading an element
Isotopes
Atoms of the same element w/ same # of protons but different number of neutrons
Ex. C-12. C-13, and C-14
Why aren’t mass numbers whole numbers?
it is the weighted average of all isotopes in an element
Fusion
radioactive nucleus is hit w/a neutron (split into two or more smaller atoms)
can lead to chain reactions
Fission
smaller atoms combine = new atom w/ bigger mass
require high temp + heat
Alpha partical
4^2He
Beta partical
0^-1e
Wave
point w/ complete wave
frequency
more waves
Energy
= frequency
