Bonding

Question 1

What are Valence Electrons & why are they important?

Answer 1

Electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom

participate in bonding

Question 2

How do you determine the number of valence electrons in an atom?

Answer 2

of valence electrons is equal to the column they are in (1-8)

Question 3

What does the octet rule say?

Answer 3

all elements lose, gain, or share electrons to get 8 valence electrons to become stable

Question 4

What happens to electrons in an ionic bond?

Answer 4

electrons transfer between atoms

Question 5

What happens to electrons in a polar covalent bond?

Answer 5

atoms share a pair or more than one pair of electrons unequally

Question 6

What happens to electrons in a non-polar covalent bond?

Answer 6

atoms share electrons equally

Question 7

How do you know a bond is polar covalent?

Answer 7

between 0.5 - 1.7

Question 8

How do you know a bond is non-polar covalent?

Answer 8

between 0 - 0.4

Question 9

How do you know a bond is ionic?

Answer 9

1.8 or greater

Question 10

How do you draw a balanced compound?

Answer 10

1) draw each dot symbol with its number of valence electrons

2) draw an arrow to symbolize where the electrons will move

3) Draw the dot symbols for the ions w/ the new # of valence electrons in square brackets w/ the charge outside the brackets (Gain = -, Lose = +)

Question 11

How can you tell if a molecule is linear or bent by looking at the dot structure.

Answer 11

Bent molecules have 2 un-shared pair on the center while Linear molecules have 0 un-shared pairs on the center

Question 12

How do you draw a formula for a compound?

Answer 12

Metals first, followed by non-metals

Question 13

What is the difference between covalent bond and an inter-molecular force? Which is stronger?

Answer 13

Covalent bonds form when atoms share a pair (or more) of electrons equally while inter-molecular forces hold separate molecules together.

Covalent bonds are stronger due to it being an intra-molecular force

Question 14

How do you draw a structural formula?

Answer 14

1) multiply the number of atoms by the number of valence electrons then add them together to find the total of valence electrons

2) draw each dot structures with the electrons on the outside of the element symbol with a line = a pair of electrons

Question 15

How do you know if a bond is polar covalent or nonpolar covalent?

Answer 15

Use the difference of the two elements’ valence electrons

Question 16

What are the different shapes of molecules?

Answer 16

Linear (a line of atoms) - 2 atoms bonded to the center w/ 0 unshared pairs of electrons on the center

Trigonal Planar (triangle of atoms) - 3 atoms bonded w/ 0 unshared

Tetrahedral (triangle w/ extra side at bottom) - 4 atoms bonded w/ 0 unshared

Trigonal Pyramidal (triangle) - 3 atoms bonded w/ 1 unshared pair

Bent (bent line) - 2 atoms bonded w/ 2 unshared pairs

Question 17

How do you know if a molecule is polar or non-polar?

Answer 17

Polar molecules have non-symmetrical charges on the outside while non-polar molecules have symmetrical charges on the outside

Question 18

What are the three types of intermolecular forces?

Answer 18

1) Dispersion - all atoms

2) Dipole - only exists between polar molecules

3) Hydrogen - only exists between bonds of H-N, H-O, and H-F