Electrons & the Periodic Table

Question 1

What is particle-wave duality?

Answer 1

everything has properties of waves and particles

Question 2

What is a crest?

Answer 2

the top of a wave

Question 3

What is a trough?

Answer 3

the bottom of a wave

Question 4

What is a wavelength?

Answer 4

the section from crest to crest or trough to trough

Question 5

What is a photon?

Answer 5

A particle of energy

Question 6

Why do elements produce an emission line spectrum instead of a continuous spectrum?

Answer 6

• specific colors b/c specific energy levels electrons can move between
• a continuous spectrum is only produced by white light

Question 7

What does Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle say?

Answer 7

Impossible to know the location and velocity of an electron at the same time

Question 8

What is an Orbital?

Answer 8

areas where electrons are found

Question 9

How may electrons can each orbital hold?

Answer 9

two electrons

Question 10

How do the sizes of orbitals change as you go down a column?

Answer 10

get bigger

Question 11

What are the similarities and differences b/w Mendeleev’s periodic table and the current periodic table.

Answer 11

Mendeleev: increasing atomic mass

Similarities: similar physical/chemical properties

Current: increasing atomic number

Question 12

Does atomic radius increase or decrease moving across a period? Explain.

Answer 12

Decreases - more protons attracting the electrons

Question 13

Define Ionization energy

Answer 13

amount of energy to remove one electron

Question 14

How does ionization energy change going down a family? Explain.

Answer 14

Decreases - easier to remove electron

Question 15

Define electronegativity

Answer 15

ability of an atom to attract electron

Question 16

How does electronegativity change going across a period? Explain.

Answer 16

Increases

easier for smaller radius to attract electrons

Question 17

What do metals do when they from ions to react?

Answer 17

lose electrons and form ions when they react

Question 18

Are metals more reactive when they have a small or large radius? Explain.

Answer 18

more reactive w/ large radius b/c easier to lose electrons

Question 19

What do nonmetals do when they form ions to react?

Answer 19

gain electrons to form ions when forming ionic bonds

Question 20

Are nonmetals more reactive when they have a small or large radius? Explain.

Answer 20

more reactive w/ small radius b/c easier to gain electron

Question 21

What elements are metals?

Answer 21

Every element right of the division line

Question 22

What elements are nonmetals?

Answer 22

every element left of the division line

Question 23

What elements are metalliods?

Answer 23

elements touching the division line

Question 24

What is a family?

Answer 24

up/down a column

Question 25

What is a period?

Answer 25

left-right a row

Question 26

What elements are transition metals?

Answer 26

level box in the middle of the periodic table

Question 27

How does atomic radius change?

Answer 27

Across a period: decreases

Down a family: increases

Question 28

How does ionization energy change?

Answer 28

Across a period: increases

Down a family: decreases

Question 29

What elements are Alkaline Earth metals?

Answer 29

second column on the left

Question 30

What elements are Halogens?

Answer 30

second column on the right

Question 31

What elements are inner transition metals?

Answer 31

two rows separate from the periodic table