Midterm Flashcards
What are the different street drugs, and how are they classified? (HOSS)
- Marijuana / Psilocybin / LSD / PCP: Hallucinogens
- Heroin / Morphine / Codeine: Opiate
- Cocaine / Meth: Stimulant
- Alcohol: Sedative
Which class of drugs treat which disorders? (PDAB)
Psychotic Disorders: Antipsychotic / Neurotropics
Depression: SSRI, SNRI, MAOI, sometimes antipsychotic
Antianxiety: Benzos
Bipolar: Lithium, mood stabl., carbamez., antipsychotics [not anti-depressants bc can cause mania]
Define Tolerance
Need more of a substance to have the same impact
Define Withdrawal
Phys symptoms like sweating, tremors, tension bc of lack of substance
Define Substance Dependence (3)
- Psych need for more substance
- will exhibit withdrawal symptoms without it
- high tolerance
Pathological Gambling (core criteria)
- 4+ persistent and recurrent problematic gambling behaviors that lead to impairment/distress
- over 12 months
Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia) (core criteria)
- 2+ years of depressed mood
- 2 symptoms
Major Depressive Disorder (core criteria)
- 5+ symptoms over 2 week period
- 1+ symptom must be either or both depressed mood AND loss of interest/pleasure
- Sxs for present nearly every day (except for weight change/SI)
- Depressed mood nearly all day every day
Major Depressive Episode (core criteria)
- 5+ symptoms over 2 week period
- 1+ symptom must be either or both depressed mood AND loss of interest/pleasure
Difference between MDD and Major Depressive Episode
A Major Depressive Episode can happen within MDD but can also happen with other disorders. It’s specific to a length of time. MDD has a hx of many MDE over time
3 Types of Mood Episodes
- Manic
- Depressive
- Hypomanic
Key Differences between Bipolar I and Bipolar II
- Mania occurs ONLY in Bipolar I
- Bipolar II is mainly depressive
Down’s syndrome is a ___
chromosomal abnormality / trisomy 21
Severe intellectual disabilities (description + list)
- are deficits in mental abilities or impairments to adaptive functioning
- NOT ADHD (“how” learn vs “can” learn)
- Disorders: Specific Learning, Motor, ASD,
Some genetic disorders that can cause intellectual disabilities
Fragile X (x)
Turners (x)
Klinefelter’s (xxy)
trisomy 21 = down syndrome
What areas of functioning are affected with ADHD? (2)
Focus and motivation
What class of drugs is prescribed for treatment of ADHD?
stimulants
What areas of functioning are affected with ASD?
Social disturbances/issues and communication issues across multiple contexts
What symptoms fall under inattention vs hyperactivity?
- Inattention: focus and exec functioning
- Hyperactivity: physical, impulsive, on the go, talking too much
Name for “bed-wetting”
Enuresis
Tic Disorder
Motor or vocal
Tourette’s (core criteria)
- 2+ motor tics and 1+ vocal tics
- 1+ year, many xs per day
- 7-18 years old onset
Schizoaffective Disorder (core criteria)
- Mood disorder + schizophrenia
- (hypo)mania + depression + baseline all include psychotic symptoms
3 Subtypes of Schizophrenia
- Paranoid
- Catatonic
- Disorganized
Define Delusions (+ 10 examples)
fixed, false beliefs
- Persecutory
- Referential
- Grandiose
- Somatic
- Erotomanic
- Nihilistic (catastrophic)
- Thought broadcasting
- Thought insertion
- Thought withdrawal (removal)
- Control
Define Hallucinations
sensory without external stimulus
Define Illusions
Something intending to mess with your perception (art)
Define Anhedonia
anti-pleasure seeking / enjoyment seeking
Define Avoltion
apathy
Define Prodromal
Pre-symptom onset
What are the positive symptoms regarding schizophrenia?
Anything “added”. Hallucinations, delusions, loose associations, bizarre bhx, catatonia
What are the negative symptoms regarding schizophrenia?
Anything “removed”. Flat affect, alogia, avolition, anhedonia
What’s the class of drug treatment for psychotic disorders?
Antipsychotic / Neuroleptics
Brief Psychotic Disorder (core criteria)
- Less than 1 month
- 1+ psychotic symptoms
What are common psychotic symptoms? (3)
Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech
Delusional Disorder (core criteria)
- Can come across relatively normal functioning
- 1+ delusions, 1+ months (bizarre/non-bizarre)
- If manic/depressive cycle BUT delusions disappear at baseline, it’s NOT Delusional Disorder (Likely SAD)
Neurocognitive Disorders 9 areas of impairment (MOLEAIPCV)
Memory
Orientation
Learning
Emotional Control
Apathy
Initiation of Bhx
Property / Ethical
Communication
Visuospatial
NCD due to Alzheimer’s stats (3)
- 60-90% of demensias
- Live 10 years after diagnosis
- 5-10% in 70s, 25% when older
NCD due to Alzheimer’s treatment
- Biological: No known cure. Just lessening symptoms
- Behavioral: Labeling pics, orientation charts / calls, ID bracelets
Criteria of NCD due to Alzheimer’s Disease
- Abnormal, significant change
- Deficits interfere with daily life
- Insidious, gradual onset in mem, learning, and 1+ cog fx
NCD due to Alzheimer’s Disease w/o genetic component (3 features)
- Clear decline in mem/learning
- Steady decline in cognition, no plateaus
- No other etiology
Risks of NCD due to Alzheimer’s
Older, female, smoker, less ed, lower SES, head trauma, obesity, diabetes, hx of dep
Age ranges for anorexia, bulimia, Binge Eating Disorder
- Anorexia: 16 - 20
- Bulimia 21 - 24
- BED: 30 - 50 (most common)
Personality disorders and eating disorders
Cluster C (anxious-avoidant PDs) = Anorexia and Bulimia
Cluster B (erratic and emo PDs like BPD) = BED
How is obesity determined?
BMI of 30+
weight / height^2 x 703
