Final Flashcards

1
Q

Define Cultural Competence

A

Clinician is INFORMED and ADAPTABLE to the issues involved in multicultural ASSESSMENTS

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2
Q

Main ethical issues in assessment (boundary violations) (5)

A
  1. Potential cultural bias of the instrument or the clinician
  2. Theoretical orientation of the clinician (assumptions, perceptions)
  3. Underemphasis on the external situation (overemphasis on personality traits)
  4. Insufficient validation (of some of the assessments and procedures)
  5. Inaccurate data or premature evaluation (inaccurately diagnosing or ignoring information)
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3
Q

Why is the therapeutic alliance so crucial? (trust/rapport)

A

Collaborative, aligned goals and approach to treatment.

More buy-in (esp by those who were referred or in an in-patient program)

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4
Q

Structured vs Unstructured Interviews

A
  1. Reliable vs subjective results
  2. Uniform vs tailored
  3. Searching for specific answer vs influenced by interviewer
  4. Cannot deviate, longer, more frustrating vs harder to quantify, sensitive/enjoyable
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5
Q

Presenting problems: What does a clinician want to know? (9)

A
  1. Symptoms
  2. Behaviors
  3. Situational, ongoing, or unrelated?
  4. Combo of situational + ongoing disorder?
  5. Duration
  6. Cog function?
  7. SI or Psychotic?
  8. Coping?
  9. DSM
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6
Q

4 Major Types of Therapies

A
  1. Behavioral (learning, assessment. ex: exposure)
  2. Cognitive/CBT (thoughts -> feelings/behaviors,
    RET (core beliefs)
    Becks (biased processing = distortions and errors)
  3. Humanistic-Existential (Freedom and responsibility over life and behaviors)
    Client-centered: CT already has the answer
    Motivational interviewing: change talk, substance use
    Gestalt Therapy: body, empty chair
  4. Psychodynamic: (Insight, memories, dreams)
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7
Q

Behavioral Therapy Treatments (5)
EAMSrT

A
  1. Exposure Therapy
  2. Aversion Therapy – punishment (Antabuse, electric shock)
  3. Modeling – new skills by imitating
  4. Systematic Reinforcement – increase desired behaviors (eliminate the reinforcers)
  5. Token Economies – stickers
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8
Q

Paraphilic Disorders (8) (FTPVEFSM)

A
  1. Fetishistic: non-living objects / non-genital body
  2. Transvestic: cross-dressing
  3. Pedophilic: kids (-13)
  4. Voyeuristic: watching (most common)
  5. Exhibitionist: self-exposure
  6. Frotteuristic: rubbing up against someone
  7. Sadism: humiliating others
  8. Masochism: being humiliated
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9
Q

4 Dimensions of Psychopathy
(IALA)

A
  1. Interpersonal (charm, lying, manipulative)
  2. Affective (no guilt or empathy)
  3. Lifestyle (bored, parasitic, no long-term goals)
  4. Antisocial (behavior probs)
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10
Q

4 Causal Factors of Psychopathy

A
  1. Genetic
  2. Fear responses (learned or not)
  3. Emotional defects
  4. Early parental loss, rejection, or inconsistency
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11
Q

Treating BPD

A

Psychosocial Treatments:
- Establish sense of self
- DBT in group

Biological Treatments:
- Mood stabilizers
- Antidepressants (SSRIs)

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12
Q

Beliefs associated with specific PDs

A
  1. Paranoid: I cannot trust people.
  2. Schizoid: Relationships are messy, undesirable.
  3. Schizotypal: It’s better to be isolated from others.
  4. Histrionic: People are there to serve or admire me.
  5. Narcissistic: Since I am special, I deserve special rules.
  6. Antisocial: I am entitled to break rules.
  7. Borderline: I deserve to be punished.
  8. Avoidant: If people know the “real” me, they will reject me.
  9. Dependent: I need people to survive, be happy.
  10. Obsessive-Compulsive: People should do better, try harder.
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13
Q

3 Clusters of PD

A
  1. Cluster A — 3: Odd/Eccentric
  2. Cluster B — 4: Dramatic/Emotional (Histrionic, NPD, BPD, Antisocial)
  3. Cluster C — 3: Anxious/Fearful (Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive-Compulsive)
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14
Q

What are the 10 PDs? PSSHNABADOc

A

Paranoid
Schizoid
Schizotypal
Histrionic
Narcissistic
Antisocial
BPD
Avoidant
Dependent
Obsessive Compulsive

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15
Q

Psychopharm (4 categories)

A
  1. Psychotic Disorders
    Antipsychotic Drugs (Neurotropics)
  2. Depression
    SSRI — selective serotonin…
    SNRI — selective norepinephrine reuptake
    MAOI
    Sometimes antipsychotic
  3. Antianxiety Drugs
    Benzodiazepines
  4. Bipolar
    Lithium
    Mood stabilizers
    Carbamazepine
    …antipsychotics
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16
Q

Know the 4 different types of treatment methods

A
  1. Behavioral (exposure, learning assess)
  2. CBT (thoughts / feelings) (RET: core beliefs, Beck’s: processing = errors)
  3. Humanist (client centered: CT has answers, motivational interviewing: change talk/substance use, Gestalt: body, chair, integration
  4. Psychodynamic (insight, dreams, etc)
17
Q

3 Dimensions of Social and Behavioral History

A
  1. Excesses
  2. Deficits
  3. Appropriateness
18
Q

ECT vs TMS

A
  1. ECT: Electroconvulsive. MDD, Drug Resistant, Psychotic
  2. TMS: Transcranial Magnet Stim, Unipolar Depression, Treatment-Resistant
19
Q

Projective Personality Tests

A
  1. Rorschach: subjective
  2. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT): make up stories about images
20
Q

MMPI (Objective Personality Test)

A
  1. Cost-effective
  2. Reliable
  3. Objective
  4. Scored/interpreted by a computer