midterm Flashcards
Toddlerhood Age
13 months to 2 years 11 months
Infancy Age
Birth to 1 year
Neonatal: Birth to 2 wks of age
Infant: 3 wks to 12 months to age
Early Childhood Age
Preschool: 3 yrs to 5 yrs
Elementary School: 5 yrs to 10 yrs , 11 months
Adolescence Age
11 yrs to 18 yrs
Young Adulthood Age
18 yrs to 22/25 yrs
Adulthood Age
22 to 40 years
Middle Age
40 to 65 years
Late Adulthood Age
65 years plus
What is Advanced Maternal Age?
Pregnancy where mother is other older than 35
Erickson’s Infancy (0-1 years old)
Conflict- Basic Trust vs mistrust
Resolution- Hope
Erickson’s Early Childhood (1-3 years)
Conflict- Autonomy vs Shame
Resolution- Will
Erickson’s Play Age (3-6 years)
Conflict- Initiative vs Guilt
Resolution- Purpose
Erickson’s School Age (6-12 years)
Industry vs Inferiority
Competence
Erickson’s Adolescence (12-19 years old)
Identity vs Confusion
Fidelity
Erickson’s Early Adulthood (20-25 years old)
Intimacy vs Isolation
Love
Erickson’s Adulthood (26-64 years old)
Generativity vs Stagnation
Care
Erickson’s Old Age (65-death)
Integrity vs Despair
Wisdom
What is the ideal body alignment?
Mastoid Process
Anterior to shoulder joints
Posterior Hip joints
Anterior to knee joints
Anterior to ankle joints
Postural Reflexes: Newborn to 2 Months
Primary Standing, Automatic Walking
Postural Reflexes: Newborn to 6 Months
ATNR, TLR
When does the Anterior Protective Extension?
At 6-9 Months
When does Lateral Protective Extension?
At 6-9 Months
When does Upper Extremity Parachute?
6-7 months
When does the posterior protective extension?
at 9 months
When does independent sitting happen?
at 6 months
What is the predominate posture in all limbs?
Flexion
What happens at 7-9 months?
Does not like supine position
Achieve quadruped Position
Belly crawling to creeping
Typical Development moves from…
Head to Feet
Proximal to Distal
When does head lag go away?
At 6 months
What happens at 10-12 months?
Cruising- when babies can hold onto furniture to walk
Vertical posture preferred
Developmental Changes at Older Adulthood?
Flexed Posture
- Widened base of support
- slightly flexed knees and hips
-trunk forward lean
-forward head
-increased thoracic kyphosis
-reduced lumbar lordosis
Which training may be important for older people?
Power training
What is the Primary motor cortex?
controls speed and force of movement
What is supplemental motor area?
involved in preplanning movements
What is premotor cortex?
Visually guided movements
What is the cerebellum?
coordinates movements based on accuracy, timing, and intensity
What is the basal ganglia?
controls posture and adaptation to varying tasks or environments
How many weeks until all limb structures are present?
Eight Weeks
When are Type 1 Fibers produced?
21 weeks gestation
When are Type 2 Fibers produced?
30 weeks gestation
At birth, muscle mass is how much of total body mass?
25%
For Males, how much does muscle mass become at 5-17 years old?
41-53% of total body mass
For Females, how much does muscle mass become at 5-17 years old?
41-42% of total body mass
When does the female brain develop?
21-22 years old
When does the male brain develop?
25 years old
What happens at 30 years old for muscle strength and coordination?
Declines in both, and each decade 5% of muscle mass lost
Diaphysis
Epiphysis
Epiphyseal plates
Epiphyseal lines
D- shaft of long bone
E- end of long bone
EP- area where bone grows
EPL- area where Ep have fused together
What are Sutures?
What are Fontanelles? When do they close?
hold together the bones that form the skull
soft area where the bone hasn’t fused yet
Posterior 2-3 months
Anterior 12-18 months
When are girls and boys growth spurts?
Boys- 14 to 15 years old
Girls- 12 to 14 years old
At what age are all epiphyseal growth plates closed?
25 years old
What are the different Somatosensory systems?
Mechanoreceptors- touch pressure proprioception
Thermoreceptors- heat and cold
Nocieptors- pain
What is the order of sensory system development?
Touch, vestibular, smell, hearing, vision, taste, proprioception
When does proprioceptive acuity movements improved?
Age 5-12 years old
When are sensory system most keen?
Adolescence into early adulthood
When do reactions times peak?
Mid 20s and then slows down by 20% during middle adulthood
Vision is vital in control of…
Posture, locomotion, balance, and hand motion
Where is the visual system derived in?
Thalamus in diancephalon
Most peripheral structure in eyeball
4th week- eye forms
13th week- myelination begins
Visual development in newborns…
Visual acuity is 20/800
Initially see black and white
See pattern preference
Best distance is 7-9 inches away
Visual System at 2 Months? 3 Months? 4 Months? 12 Months?
2 M- see 2 colors and track vert horizo and in circular path
3 M- preference for colored objects
4 M- binocular vision matures and is adult like by 2 years old
12 months- adult levels of visual acuity achieved
When do cataracts form?
Over 30 years old
When is there a decline from light to dark environments?
40 age
At what age does presbyopia form?
Age 45
Cataracts formation in how many adults over 65
60%
Macular degeneration in how many adults over 75
28%
Full maturity of vestibular system is achieved at what age?
10 and 14 years old
At what age does static balance develop? Dynamic balance?
Static- 9-12 years old
Dynamic- 12 years old
When does vasulature start developing?
3-4 weeks after conception
What happens at week 3,4, and 7 of cardiovascular development?
3- heart and vessels develop
4- heart begins to best and pump blood
7- heart firms into a 4 chamber structure
What is in the conducting zone? Respiratory zone?
Conduction- nose pharynx larynx trachea bronchi and bronchioles
Respiratory- bronchioles alveolar ducts and alveoli