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developmental concepts > midterm > Flashcards

midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Age range for Infancy (neonatal, infant)

A

Birth to 1 year (birth to 2 weeks, 3 weeks to 12 months)

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2
Q

Age range for Toddlerhood

A

13 months to 2 years, 11 months

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3
Q

Age range for Preschool, Elementary School

A

3 yrs to 5 yrs, 5 yrs to 10 yrs, 11 months

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4
Q

Age range for Adolescence

A

11 yrs to 18 yrs

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5
Q

Age range for Young Adulthood

A

18 yrs to 22/25 yrs

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6
Q

Age range for Adulthood

A

22 yrs to 40 yrs

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7
Q

Age Range for Middle Age

A

40 yrs to 65 yrs

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8
Q

Age range for Late Adulthood

A

65 plus yrs

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9
Q

What is Advanced Maternal Age (AMA)?

A

A pregnancy where the woman is over 35 years old

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10
Q

Who is Eric Erikson?

A

A German psychologist who believed there was a psychological struggle that takes place through the eight stages of a person’s life.

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11
Q

1st stage of Development

A

Infancy (0-1 yrs old)
Conflict: Basic Trust vs mistrust
Resolution: Hope

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12
Q

2nd stage of Development

A

Early Childhood (1-3 yrs old)
Conflict: Autonomy vs Shame
Resolution: Will

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13
Q

3rd Stage of Development

A

Play Age (3-6 yrs old)
Conflict: Initiative vs Guilt
Resolution: Purpose

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14
Q

4th Stage of Development

A

School Age (6-12 yrs old)
Conflict: Industry vs Inferiority
Resolution: Competence

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15
Q

5th Stage of Development

A

Adolescence (12-19 yrs old)
Conflict: Identity vs Confusion
Resolution: Fidelity

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16
Q

6th Stage of Development

A

Early Adulthood (20-25 yrs old)
Conflict: Intimacy vs Isolation
Resolution: Love

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17
Q

7th Stage of Development

A

Adulthood (26-64 yrs old)
Conflict: Generativity vs Stagnation
Resolution: Care

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18
Q

8th Stage of Development

A

Old Age (65- death)
Conflict: Integrity vs Despair
Resolution: Wisdom

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19
Q

What is the Center of Mass (COM)?

A

a point that is at the center of the total body mass
Anterior to S2 in the upright position

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20
Q

Where should the Vertical line of gravity fall in the midline?

A
  • the mastoid process
  • anterior to shoulder joints
  • hip joints
  • anterior to knee joints
  • anterior to ankle joints
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21
Q

Feedback vs feedforward mechanisms?

A
  • Feedback mechanism is in response to sensory feedback from external (bumped in a crowd)
  • Feedforward mechanism is an anticipatory adjustment to a potentially destabilizing movement in order to achieve stability (about to step on the curve)
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22
Q

When does Lateral protective extension?

A

arms extend to prevent from falling
emerges at 6-9 months

23
Q

When does Anterior protective extension occur?

A

arms extend forward to prevent from falling
emerges at 6-9 months

24
Q

When does Upper extremity parachute?

A

In prone horizontal suspension, child is moved towards surface head first– symmetrical arm extension and abduction
emerges 6-7 months

25
Q

When does Posterior protective extension?

A

extends head and arms backwards to recover balance
emerges 9 months

26
Q

What happens at 6 months?

A

Independent sitting and no more head lag

26
Q

Typical development moves from…

A

Head (cephalic) to Feet (caudal)
Proximal to Distal

27
Q

What happens at 7-9 months?

A

Baby does not like supine position
Ability to get into quadruped position

28
Q

What happens at 10-12 months?

A

Vertical postures preferred by child
“Cruising” when babies hold onto furniture to walk

29
Q

What happens in Older Adulthood?

A

“Flexed Posture”
Trunk forward lean
Increased thoracic kyphosis
Forward head

30
Q

What is Precision medicine?

A

A form of medicine that uses information about a person’s genes, proteins, environment, and age, and lifestyle to diagnose disease

31
Q

What is the primary motor cortex?

A

Controls speed and force of movement

32
Q

What is the supplemental motor area?

A

Involved in preplanning movements

33
Q

What is premotor cortex?

A

Visually guided movements

34
Q

What is the cerebellum?

A

Coordinates movements based on accuracy, timing, and intensity

35
Q

What is the basal ganglia?

A

Controls posture and adaptation to varying tasks or environments

36
Q

When do females typically know if they are pregnant?

A

6 weeks

37
Q

When do slow twitch fibers form?

A

21 weeks gestation

38
Q

When do fast twitch muscle fibers form?

A

30 weeks gestation

39
Q

At birth, muscle mass is how much of total body mass?

A

25%

40
Q

At 5-17 years old (males or females), how much is muscle mass of total body mass?

A

Males: 41-53%
Females: 41-42%

41
Q

At what age does the female and male brain develop?

A

Female brain: 21-22 yrs old
Male brain: 25 yrs old

42
Q

What happens to muscle strength/ coordination at 30 yrs old?

A

Decline in muscle strength, 5% of muscle mass is lost after each decade
Decline in coordination, increased occurrence of muscle strains

43
Q

What happens to strength at age 50?

A

50 yrs old: Steady decline in strength, impaired function
70 yrs old: rapid decline in strength

44
Q

Where is the greatest decline in muscle located?
Where is pattern of muscle weakness located?

A

Greatest decline in Trunk and lower extremities
Pattern of muscle weakness is proximal, most prominent in back, abdominals, and quads

45
Q

All bones and cartilage develop from ….

A

The mesenchyme

46
Q

What happens to bone during 3rd-8th week? 5th week? 6th week?

A

3rd and 8th week: bone and cartilage are differentiated and bone develops
5th week: mesenchymal cells condense and differentiate; occurs first in extremities (UE before LE)
6th week: chondrocytes form the cartilage of long bones

47
Q

Where is the diaphysis formed?

A

Formed by the primary ossification, well ossified

48
Q

Where is the epiphysis formed?

A

Formed by the secondary ossification center, cartilaginous
Most bone fractures occur here

49
Q

Primary Curves

A
  • thoracic and sacral regions of spine
  • kyphotic
  • formed at birth
50
Q

Secondary Curves

A

Cervical and lumbar regions
Lordotic
Formed through weightbearing during walking

51
Q

What is sutures? What is fontanelles? When do they close?

A

Sutures: hold together the bones that form the skull (2-3 months)
Fontanelles: soft areas where the bone hasn’t fused yet (12-18 months)

52
Q

When do the epiphyseal growth plates close?

A

Age 25

53
Q

Bone remodeling and density can increase with:

A
  • weightbearing
  • muscular contraction
  • adequate nutrition and calcium intake

developmental concepts (3 decks)

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