MIDTERM Flashcards
WHAT it is an energy emitted and transferred through matter and travels in the speed of light.
Radiation
Radiation – it is an energy emitted and transferred through matter and travels in the
speed of light.
SPEED OF LIGHT: can be measured by:
299792458 m / s
300,000 km/s
186,000 mi/s (miles)
3 x 10^8 m/s (S.I. unit)
Is an art and science of recording x-ray images as
x-ray passed through an object and recorded on x-ray film
RADIOGRAPHY
Is also know as X-ray film
IMAGE RECEPTOR
Also known as INVISIBLE image
LATENT IMAGE
Also known as VISIBLE image
MANIFEST IMAGE
MANIFEST IMAGE: Also known as
VISIBLE image
IMAGE RECEPTOR: Is also know as
X-ray film
LATENT IMAGE: Also known as
INVISIBLE image
is one of the most familiar forms of radiation.
Sunshine
Sunshine is one of the most familiar forms OF WHAT
forms of radiation.
A place where patient completes data gathered and schedule
for examination.
INFORMATION AREA OR RECEIVING AREA
An area where the patient change their dress to laboratory
gown for examination.
DRESSING ROOM
An area where the x-ray examination conducted.
EXPOSURE ROOM
EXPOSURE ROOM
* An area where WHAT
the x-ray examination conducted.
DIFFERENT AREAS IN RADIOLOGY
DEPARTMENT
- INFORMATION AREA OR RECEIVING AREA
- DRESSING ROOM
- EXPOSURE ROOM
A room where processing cycle of the exposed x-ray film
takes place.
DARK ROOM OR PROCESSING ROOM
in DARK ROOM on what rank or level, The most important room in Radiology Department
SECOND important
ININFORMATION AREA OR RECEIVING AREA
* A place where patient completes WHAT
Data gathered and schedule
for examination.
An area where diagnostic report or findings were interpreted
or rule-out based on the patient request through radiologist
READING ROOM OR INTERPRETATION ROOM
Radiograph was viewed by WHAT
Negatoscope or View Box
READING ROOM OR INTERPRETATION ROOM
* An area where the patient request through radiologist.
diagnostic report or findings were interpreted
or rule-out based
DARK ROOM OR PROCESSING ROOM
* A room where processing cycle of WHAT
the exposed x-ray film
takes place
in DARK ROOM, Is a room ______ of white light in which the processing cycle
takes place.
devoid
WHAT was viewed by the aid of Negatoscope or
View Box
Radiograph
The most SECOND important room in Radiology Department.
DARK ROOM
is a room devoid of white light in which the processing cycle
takes place.
DARK ROOM
in darkroom, Is a room of what
devoid of white light in which the processing cycle
takes place.
IN GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE DARK ROOM: LOCATION
must be adjacent (close or near) to the x-ray
room.
in darkroom, A technologist can never hope to be a really good technologist unless he/she is a WHAT Because of the special importance of this room in
the handling, processing and even flow of works, both general
and detailed feature should be most thoughtfully worked out
a master of the darkroom and processing technique
WHAT ARE THE GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE DARK ROOM
LOCATION: must be adjacent (close or near) to the x-ray
room.
* SIZE: 9.5 ft x 15 ft
* VENTILATION: Humidity range must be 40% - 60%
Temperature rate should be 19°C to 22°C
* COLOR OF THE WALL: Dark color but not shiny
* RADIATION PROOF
* LIGHT PROOF
* PROVIDED WITH ELECTRIC WIRING
IN DARKROOM, A technologist can never hope to be a really good technologist
unless he/she is a master of the darkroom and processing
technique. Because of the special importance of this room in
the handling, processing and even flow of works, both general
and detailed feature should be WHAT
most thoughtfully worked out
IN GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE DARK ROOM: VENTILATION: Humidity range must be
40% - 60%
IN LAY OUT OF DARK ROOM
The processing room should be WHAT
adjacent to the exposure room,
and should have a source of electricity for operating of apparatus.
IN GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE DARK ROOM: SIZE
9.5 ft x 15 ft
IN GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE DARK ROOM: VENTILATION:
Temperature rate should be
19°C to 22°C
The processing room should be adjacent to the exposure room,
and should have a source of electricity for operating of apparatus.
LAY OUT OF DARK ROOM
IN GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE DARK ROOM: COLOR OF THE WALL
Dark color but not shiny
The entire processing procedure in one room is divided into
TWO sections. WHAT ARE THOSE TWO
- DRY SECTION
- WET SECTION
WHAT minimum distance between these areas should be
4 feet
WHAT SHOULD distance between these areas should be 4 feet
A minimum distance
should be installed over the entrance to guard
against unauthorized or inadvertent entry
Warning light
Warning light should be installed WHERE
installed over the entrance to guard against unauthorized or inadvertent entry
WHAT ARE TYPES OF DARK ROOM DOORS
- SINGLE DOOR
- LIGHT LOCK / DOUBLE DOOR
- LABYRINTH OR MAZE
- REVOLVING DOOR
IN TYPES OF DARK ROOM DOORS
WHAT radiologic technologist are the only person who routinely utilizes the processing with an inside bolt or lock.
SINGLE DOOR
IN TYPES OF DARK ROOM DOORS
1. SINGLE DOOR: The radiologic technologist are the WHAT
the only person who routinely utilizes the processing with an inside bolt or lock.
IN TYPES OF DARK ROOM DOORS
This type of entrance
may be consisting of a small hall, with two doors.
LIGHT LOCK / DOUBLE DOOR
IN TYPES OF DARK ROOM DOORS
This door is used to make sure that accident due to sudden opening of the door or the 1st door wont exposed anything inside the dark room.
LIGHT LOCK / DOUBLE DOOR
IN TYPES OF DARK ROOM DOORS
The second door serves as a protection, safety and
assurance.
LIGHT LOCK / DOUBLE DOOR
IN TYPES OF DARK ROOM DOORS
Once the person is already inside the hall, the first door should be closed before opening the 2nd door entering the dark room.
LIGHT LOCK / DOUBLE DOOR
IN TYPES OF DARK ROOM DOORS
LIGHT LOCK / DOUBLE DOOR: This type of entrance
may be consisting of a small hall, with HOW MANY doors
TWO
IN TYPES OF DARK ROOM DOORS
LIGHT LOCK / DOUBLE DOOR: This type of entrance
may be consisting of a small hall, with two doors. This door is
used to make sure WHAT?
that accident due to sudden opening of the door or the 1st door wont exposed anything inside the dark
room
IN TYPES OF DARK ROOM DOORS
LIGHT LOCK / DOUBLE DOOR: Once the person is already inside the hall, the WHAT
door should be CLOSED before opening the 2nd door entering the dark room.
1ST door
IN TYPES OF DARK ROOM DOORS
LIGHT LOCK / DOUBLE DOOR: Once the person is already inside the hall, the 1ST
door should be WHAT before opening the 2nd door entering the dark room.
CLOSED
IN TYPES OF DARK ROOM DOORS
LIGHT LOCK / DOUBLE DOOR: Once the person is already inside the hall, the 1ST
door should be CLOSED before opening the WHAT door entering the dark room.
2ND DOOR
IN TYPES OF DARK ROOM DOORS
LIGHT LOCK / DOUBLE DOOR: The second door serves as WHAT
a protection, safety and
assurance
WHAT TYPE OF DOOR CAN CAUSE TRAPPING
LIGHT LOCK / DOUBLE DOOR
IN TYPES OF DARK ROOM DOORS
This is not provided with doors.
LABYRINTH OR MAZE
WHAT TYPE OF DOOR IS ONE LEADING IN AND OTHER OUT WITH A SHORT HALLWAY IN BETWEEN
LIGHT LOCK / DOUBLE DOOR
IN TYPES OF DARK ROOM DOORS
LIGHT LOCK / DOUBLE DOOR: Once the person is already inside the hall, the 1ST
door should be CLOSED before opening the 2nd door entering WHAT
the dark room.
IN TYPES OF DARK ROOM DOORS
It prevents the entrance of white light to the processing room, yet
provides air circulation.
LABYRINTH OR MAZE
IN TYPES OF DARK ROOM DOORS
It requires, however at least twice as much floor space as a light lock.
LABYRINTH OR MAZE
WHAT TYPE OF DOOR HAS NO DOORS
LABYRINTH OR MAZE
IN TYPES OF DARK ROOM DOORS The walls and the ceiling should be painted with dark and flat
non-reflective paint and be illuminated by safe light.
The walls and the ceiling should be painted with dark and flat
non-reflective paint and be illuminated by safe light.
LABYRINTH OR MAZE
WHAT TYPE OF DOOR PEOPLE CAN ENTER AND EXIT AND ANY MOMENT
LABYRINTH OR MAZE
WHAT TYPE OF DOOR CAN TAKES UP TOO MUCH BUILDING SPACE
LABYRINTH OR MAZE
IN TYPES OF DARK ROOM DOORS
LABYRINTH OR MAZE: This is not provided with WHAT
doors
IN TYPES OF DARK ROOM DOORS
LABYRINTH OR MAZE
It prevents WHAT
the entrance of white light to the processing room, yet
provides air circulation.
IN TYPES OF DARK ROOM DOORS
LABYRINTH OR MAZE
It requires WHAT
however at least twice as much floor space as a light lock.
IN TYPES OF DARK ROOM DOORS
LABYRINTH OR MAZE
The walls and the ceiling should be painted with WHAT COLOR and flat
non-reflective paint and be illuminated by safe light
with dark
IN TYPES OF DARK ROOM DOORS
LABYRINTH OR MAZE
The walls and the ceiling should be painted with dark and WHAT
and flat non-reflective paint and be illuminated by safe light
A TYPE OF DOOR THAT Is not being used anymore.
REVOLVING DOOR
SAFE LIGHT: Is design to give WHAT
enough visibility to
accomplish all necessary duties in the handling and
processing x-ray film without harmful effect to any
unprocessed film
WHAT TYPE OF DOOR THAT IS THE MOST EFFICIENT BUT MOST ESPENSIVE TYPE
REVOLVING DOOR
WHAT TYPE OF DOOR COMPOSED OF TWO BLACK CYLINDERS
REVOLVING DOOR
WHAT ARE Different lights used in DARKROOM
- White Light
- SAFE LIGHT
- WRATTEN 6B (AMBER) FILTER
- GBX FILTER
WHAT TYPE OF DOOR THE OUTER IS FIXED
REVOLVING DOOR
WHAT Is design to give enough visibility to accomplish all necessary duties in the handling and processing x-ray film without harmful effect to any unprocessed film
SAFE LIGHT
IN White Light: Use to perform many activities, such as:
- Mixing chemicals
- Cleaning tanks
- Unloading film hangers
WHAT IS Different lights used in DARKROOM
ILLUMINATION
WHAT TYPE OF DOOR INNER IS THE REVOLVNG DOOR WITH ONLY ONE OPENING
REVOLVING DOOR
WHAT Is the recommended
type of filter that the light produce is not in the same spectral range as the film sensitivity. (monochromatic)
WRATTEN 6B (AMBER) FILTER
A safe light consist of WHAT, that it does not fog the film / expose to it for reasonable handling
period.
consist of all filter used in a lamp housing to provide light such as spectral quality and intensity
WRATTEN 6B (AMBER) FILTER: - Is WHAT that the light produce is not in the same spectral range as the film sensitivity. monochromatic)
Is the recommended type of filter
WRATTEN 6B (AMBER) FILTER: - Is the recommended type of filter that the light produce is not in the same spectral range as the film sensitivity. ALSO KNOWN AS
(monochromatic)
A safe light consist of all filter used in a lamp housing to
provide light such as spectral quality and intensity, that it
does not WHAT
it does not fog the film / expose to it for reasonable handling
period.
WRATTEN 6B (AMBER) FILTER: - Is the recommended type of filter that WHAT the light produce
is not in the same spectral
range as the film sensitivity. (monochromatic)
IN THE SOURCE, Distance of safelight from the working bench WHAT FEET
NOT less than 1.5 meters or 5 feet
filter used for blue-sensitive film.
(orthochromatic
GBX FILTER
GBX FILTER: filter used for WHAT
blue-sensitive film.
(orthochromatic
15 Watts, WHAT BULB is recommended which is widely
used
tungsten bulb
IN SOURCE,
* Therefore, distance of safelight from the floor is WHAT
2.5 meters.
FOR THE SOURCE, HOW MANY WATTS tungsten bulb is recommended which is widely
used
15 Watts
IN DRY SECTION: This is the area in a darkroom where
WHAT
loading and unloading of film and film holder takes place
This is the area in a darkroom where loading and unloading of film and film holder takes place
DRY SECTION
It contains an area for loading and unloading film holders.
LOADING BENCH
IN LOADING BENCH
* It contains an area for WHAT .
loading and unloading film holders.
IN LOADING BENCH
* The proper height of a loading bench for the average
standing person is WHAT METER
3 Feet or 1 meter
The primary components of the dry section of the processing room.
LOADING BENCH
IN LOADING BENCH
WHAT for the average
standing person is 3 Feet or 1 meter
The proper height of a loading bench
IN LOADING BENCH
* The depth is determined by the distance a person can easily
reach on the surface without WHAT
without undue leaning or stretching, 24 inches is recommended.
IN LOADING BENCH
* The maximum length of the working surface should
WHAT
accommodate TWO (2) 14 x 17 inch cassette, end to end to
permit unloading and reloading of two cassettes.
IN FILM BIN: It is customary (usual practice) to deep supply of
opened x-ray film boxes sufficient for WHAT
immediate needs, located underneath the loading bench.
IN LOADING BENCH
- The depth is determined by the distance a person can easily
reach on the surface without undue leaning or stretching, WITH HOW MANY INCHES RECOMMENED
24 inches is recommended.
It is customary (usual practice) to deep supply of
opened x-ray film boxes sufficient for immediate needs,
located underneath the loading bench.
FILM BIN
IN FILM BIN: It is WHAT THAT,
located underneath the loading bench.
It is customary (usual practice) to deep supply of opened x-ray film boxes sufficient for immediate needs
WHAT IS The ideal way to store cassette and film holders is in vertical compartment, so that they are readily accessible but not encroach (INTRUDE) on the working surface of
the loading bench
STORAGE COMPARTMENT
IN STORAGE COMPARTMENT: The ideal way to store cassette
and film holders is in WHAT POSITION compartment, so that they are readily
accessible but not encroach (INTRUDE) on the working surface of
the loading bench
vertical compartment
IN STORAGE COMPARTMENT: The ideal way to store cassette
and film holders is in vertical compartment, so that they are WHAT
readily accessible but not encroach (INTRUDE) on the working surface of the loading bench
WHAT cabinet which you can store,
different accessories used in processing such as:
* A. Package chemicals
* B. Mixing accessories
* C. Towels and etc
STORAGE CABINET
STORAGE CABINET: A cabinet which you can store,
different accessories used in processing such as:
- A. Package chemicals
- B. Mixing accessories
- C. Towels and etc
Is an opening to the exposure room that makes the cassette
readily available to the technologist.
CASSETTE TRANSFER CABINET OR PASSBOX
VENTILATION: A well functioning darkroom should be
no WHAT?
no odor
CASSETTE TRANSFER CABINET OR PASSBOX
* Is an opening to the exposure room that makesWHAT
the cassette readily available to the technologist.
A well functioning darkroom should be no odor. Proper ventilation will also tend to reduce dust artefacts and improve processor operation.
VENTILATION
VENTILATION: A well functioning darkroom should be
no odor. Proper ventilation will also tend to reduce WHAT
to reduce dust artefacts and improve processor operation.
VENTILATION: HAS ALWAYS WHAT ventilation inside the darkroom must be
observed, for the help and efficiency of the Technologist in
processing
Always satisfactory
IN VENTILATION Always
satisfactory ventilation inside the darkroom mustWHAT
must be observed, for the help and efficiency of the Technologist in processing
This is the area in a darkroom where the
processing of x-ray film takes place.
WET SECTION: This is the area in a darkroom where the
processing of x-ray film takes place.
IN WET SECTION: This is the area in a darkroom where WHAT
the processing of x-ray film takes place.
WHAT ARE THE PROCESSING TANKS
MANUAL PROCESSING
MASTER TANK
INSERT TANK
Includes wetting, developing,
rinsing, fixing, washing and drying of x-ray film. It should be
done in an area separated from the loading bench.
MANUAL PROCESSING
IN MANUAL PROCESSING: IncludesWHAT? THAT It should be done in an area separated from the loading bench.
Includes wetting, developing,
rinsing, fixing, washing and drying of x-ray film
MANUAL PROCESSING: Includes wetting, developing,
rinsing, fixing, washing and drying of x-ray film. It should be
done in an area separated from WHAT
the loading bench.
IN MANUAL PROCESSING This arrangement avoids WHAT
splashing of solution on screen, film and loading areas.
WHAT IS A PROCESSING IS A SERIES OF ACTIONS by which exposed xray field yields an image.
film processing (manual)
in processing a film, the sequnec of actions should be as follows:
a. mark the patient’s name on the film
b. develop the film
c. rinse developer from the film
d. fix the film
e. wash the fixer from the film
f. dry the film
steps (a-d) must be carried out with only the (colored) safelights on)
Serve as water jackets to hold the insert
tanks, and usually provides space between the insert tanks for
rinsing and washing of films.
MASTER TANK
in MASTER TANK: Serve as WHAT to hold the insert
tanks, and usually provides space between the insert tanks for
rinsing and washing of films.
water jackets
IN MASTER TANK: Serve as water jackets to hold the WHAT , and usually provides space between the insert tanks for
rinsing and washing of films.
insert tanks
IN MASTER TANK: Serve as water jackets to hold the insert
tanks, and usually provides WHAT
space between the insert tanks for rinsing and washing of films.
It is removable container for individual processing solution and are placed in the water jacket of a master tank
INSERT TANK
IN INSERT TANK: It is removable container forWHAT and are placed in the water jacket of a
master tank
for individual processing solution
IN INSERT TANK: It is removable container for individual
processing solution and are placed inWHAT
in the water jacket of a
master tank
It holds the x-ray film during
processing procedure. It consists of cross bar and right frame
which are attached four clips, two of which are mounted on a
bow spring welded to the cross bar.
SHEET FILM HANGER
IN SHEET FILM HANGER: It holds the WHAT during processing procedure. It consists of cross bar and right frame
which are attached four clips, two of which are mounted on a
bow spring welded to the cross bar.
the x-ray film
SHEET FILM HANGER: It holds the x-ray film during processing procedure. It consists of WHAT, two of which are mounted on a
bow spring welded to the cross bar.
cross bar and right frame
which are attached four clips
SHEET FILM HANGER: It holds the x-ray film during
processing procedure. It consists of cross bar and right frame
which are attached four clips, WHICH are mounted on a
WHAT
two of which are mounted on a
bow spring welded to the cross bar.
Used in dental clinics, consist of a
bar to which are attached the film clips
DENTAL FIM HANGER
IN DENTAL FIM HANGER: Used in WHERE, consist of a
bar to which are attached the film clips
dental clinics
IN DENTAL FIM HANGER: Used in dental clinics, consist of WHAT
consist of a bar to which are attached the film clips
Where it is necessary to process 10 mm roll film for photo fluorography or various widths of
cardiography film paper.
ROLL FILM HANGER
IN ROLL FILM HANGER: Where it is necessary to process HOW MM OF ROLL FILM for photo fluorography or various widths of
cardiography film paper.
10 mm roll film
IN ROLL FILM HANGER: Where it is necessary to process 10
mm roll film for WHAT.
for photo fluorography or various widths of cardiography film paper.
IN LABORATORY APRON: A waterproof apron should be
WHAT to prevent solution stains on uniform and other clothing
worn during processing operation
A waterproof apron should be
worn during processing operation to prevent solution stains on uniform and other clothing
LABORATORY APRON
IN LABORATORY APRON: A waterproof apron should be
worn during processing operation to prevent WHAT
to prevent solution stains on uniform and other clothing
Processing of radiographs requires an accurate check on the temperature of the solution to maintain at all times, by using of an accurate WHAT
THERMOMETER
IN THERMOMETER: Processing of radiographs requires a
WHAT FOR the solution to maintain at all times, by using of an accurate thermometer.
accurate check on the temperature
IN THERMOMETER: Processing of radiographs requires an
accurate check on the temperature of the solution to maintain at all times, by using of WHAT
an accurate thermometer.
IN THERMOMETER: Processing of radiographs requires an
accurate check on the temperature of the solution to WHAT, by using of an accurate thermometer.
maintain at all times
IN THERMOMETER:
The optimum temperature of WHAT is recommended
by the American Standard Association.
20°C or 68°F
IN THERMOMETER
The optimum temperature of 20°C or 68oF is recommended
by WHAT Association.
American Standard Association.
Are essential tools in any hospital, diagnostic center, research and development laboratory. They work to remove moisture from the air, which can help prevent the spread of infections and other health concerns.
DEHUMIDIFIER
IN DEHUMIDIFIER: Are essential tools in any hospital, diagnostic center, research and development laboratory. They
work to WHAT, which can help prevent the spread of infections and other health concerns.
to remove moisture from the air,
IN DEHUMIDIFIER: Are essential tools in any hospital,
diagnostic center, research and development laboratory. They
work to remove moisture from the air, which can help prevent
WHAT
the spread of infections and other health concerns
IN DEHUMIDIFIER:
A dehumidifier removes water from the air in the facility until
relative humidity is reduced to the level you choose. Once it
has reached this level, a good dehumidifier should
automatically maintain HOW MANY PERCENT OF READING humidity in the
facility to make sure that every parts/device of the machine is
safe and to prevent any incident/accident in the facility
maintain 60% (max reading)
IN DEHUMIDIFIER:
A dehumidifier removes WHAT in the facility until
relative humidity is reduced to the level you choose. Once it
has reached this level, a good dehumidifier should
automatically maintain 60% (max reading) humidity in the
facility to make sure that every parts/device of the machine is
safe and to prevent any incident/accident in the facility
removes water from the air
IN DEHUMIDIFIER
A dehumidifier removes water from the air in the facility until
relative humidity is reduced to the level you choose. Once it
has reached this level, a good dehumidifier should
automatically maintain 60% (max reading) humidity in the
facility to make sure WHAT
that every parts/device of the machine is safe and to prevent any incident/accident in the facility
Instrument used to measure the humidity,
or amount of water vapor in the air.
HYGROMETER
IN HYGROMETER: Instrument used to measure WHAT,
or amount of water vapor in the air.
measure the humidity
IN HYGROMETER:
This device is excellent for detecting water vapor in soil, air, or any other WHAT place. This is a particularly helpful tool for
monitoring humidity
confined place
IN HYGROMETER:
This device is excellent for detecting water vapor in soil, air, or any other confined place. This is a particularly helpful tool for
WHAT
monitoring humidity
IN HYGROMETER:
In an x-ray facility, HOW PERCENT FOR HUMDITY reading is the maximum
limit, once the limit is reach, corrective action must be applied
60% in humidity reading
IN HYGROMETER:
In an x-ray facility, 60% in humidity reading is the WHAT limit, once the limit is reach, corrective action must be applied
maximum limit
IN Characteristic of a Good Dark Room
* Darkroom should WHAT, the doors and outlet must be lightproof and all safelight filters must be in good condition.
exclude all white light
IN Characteristic of a Good Dark Room
* Darkroom should be WHAT with relation to the
radiographic rooms.
centrally located
IN Characteristic of a Good Dark Room
* Darkroom should exclude all white light, the doors and
outlet must be WHAT and all safelight filters must be in
good condition.
lightproof
IN Characteristic of a Good Dark Room
- A method of entrance into the darkroom should be
constructed with WHAT type of doors.
either maze or labyrinth type of doors
IN Characteristic of a Good Dark Room
- The size of darkroom will vary with the condition of
WHAT. One must realize
that there should be adequate space to all necessary
equipment for good darkroom operation.
operations and the size of the department
IN Characteristic of a Good Dark Room
- The size of darkroom will vary with the condition of
operations and the size of the department. One must realize
that there should be WHAT
should be adequate space to all necessary equipment for good darkroom operation
IN Characteristic of a Good Dark Room
- A good darkroom WHAT, a view
box by which used to inspect radiograph and over head or
general illumination to be used when the darkroom need to
be clean
should be properly illuminated with various type of lighting, including a proper safelight
IN Characteristic of a Good Dark Room
- A good darkroom should be properly illuminated with
various type of lighting, including
including a proper safelight, a view box by which used to inspect radiograph and over head or general illumination to be used when the darkroom need to be clean
Dark Room Cleanliness
* Test Frequency –
Weekly
IN Dark Room Cleanliness
WHAT in the darkroom can result
in artifacts in the radiographic image. A clean darkroom
reduces artifacts and the amount of effort required for
cleaning the cassettes and screens.
Dust or dirt
The darkroom is a major source of problems in any
radiographic facility. Dust or dirt in the darkroom can result
in artifacts in the radiographic image. A clean darkroom
reduces artifacts and the amount of effort required for
cleaning the cassettes and screens.
Dark Room Cleanliness
IN Dark Room Cleanliness
Dust or dirt in the darkroom can result in artifacts in the radiographic image. A clean darkroom reduces WHATand the amount of effort required for
cleaning the cassettes and screens.
reduces artifacts
IN Dark Room Cleanliness
Dust or dirt in the darkroom can result
in artifacts in the radiographic image. A clean darkroom
reduces artifacts and the amount of effort required for
WHAT
cleaning the cassettes and screens.
IN The following are some
tips on darkroom maintenance:
* 2. The counter top used for loading and unloading the
cassettes should WHAT
should be clear of unnecessary items
IN The following are some
tips on darkroom maintenance:
- WHATmakes cleaning more difficult and
provides a place for dust and dirt to accumulate.
- WHATmakes cleaning more difficult and
Clutter (untidily)
IN The following are some
tips on darkroom maintenance:
- The ceiling of the darkroom should be constructed of a
WHAT.
- The ceiling of the darkroom should be constructed of a
solid material such as drywall
IN The following are some
tips on darkroom maintenance:
- The ceiling of the darkroom should be constructed of a
solid material such as drywall. WHAT, often set in metal
channels, allow dust and dirt to shift through the ceiling and
fall on the surfaces used for handling cassettes. In addition,
light can often enter the darkroom through such tiles,
resulting in fog on the radiographic film.
- The ceiling of the darkroom should be constructed of a
Ceiling tiles
IN The following are some
tips on darkroom maintenance:
- The heating and air conditioning vents should WHAT
the room over the counter used for handling cassettes.
- The heating and air conditioning vents should WHAT
should not enter
IN The following are some
tips on darkroom maintenance:
- Cassettes stored on the floor will accumulate dust that may
be carried into the darkroom. Cassettes should WHAT between exposure and being taken into the darkroom for processing.
- Cassettes stored on the floor will accumulate dust that may
should not be placed
on the floor
IN DARKROOM CLEANLINESS, Equipment Required
(Note! This test is WHAT for the Polaroid Instant film
System.)
Records: None required
not required for the Polaroid Instant film System.
IN The following are some
tips on darkroom maintenance:
- The pass box, if present, should be cleaned HOW MANY DAYS to prevent dust and dirt from being introduced into the
darkroom
- The pass box, if present, should be cleaned HOW MANY DAYS to prevent dust and dirt from being introduced into the
every day
IN DARKROOM CLEANLINESS, Equipment Required
Records: IS WHAT
None required
IN The following are some
tips on darkroom maintenance:
- The ceiling of the darkroom should be constructed of a
solid material such as drywall. Ceiling tiles, often set in metal
channels, allow WHAT. In addition,
light can often enter the darkroom through such tiles,
resulting in fog on the radiographic film.
- The ceiling of the darkroom should be constructed of a
dust and dirt to shift through the ceiling and fall on the surfaces used for handling cassettes
IN DARKROOM CLEANLINESS, Equipment Required
(Note! This test is not required for WHAT)
Records: None required
the Polaroid Instant film
System
it is used in the context of quality assurance or quality control, it refer to ensure that the images obtained from test films are not affected by issues such as artifacts, unintended exposure, or contamination from other sources. in this sense would mean that the test films provide accurate and reliable information about the imaging system’s performance
in Crossover in Quality Assurance “control film crossover”
in Crossover in Quality Assurance: If the term “control film crossover” it is used in the context of quality assurance or quality control, it refer to ensure that WHAT?
to ensure that the images obtained from test films are not affected by issues such as artifacts, unintended exposure, or contamination from other sources
in Crossover in Quality Assurance: Crossover in this sense would mean that the test films provide WHAT
accurate and reliable information about the imaging system’s performance
in Crossover in Quality Assurance:
Radiographic film is manufactured in ________.
BATCHES
in Crossover in Quality Assurance: Radiographic film is manufactured in batches. Consequently,
there may be WHAT? in the film characteristics
between batches
slight variations
in Crossover in Quality Assurance: WHAT can affect the sensitometric characteristics of the film
FILM AGING AND STORAGE
in Crossover in Quality Assurance: This means that the WHAT ARE THE values may
not be the same between the two batches of film.
the MD, HD, LD and DD values
in Crossover in Quality Assurance: FILM AGING AND STORAGE can affect the sensitometric characteristics of the film. This means that the MD, HD, LD and DD values may
WHAT?.
may not be the same between the two batches of film.
in Crossover in Quality Assurance:
* Changes in these density levels may cause the processor TO WHAT?.
to appear to be operating out of tolerances when it is not
in Crossover in Quality Assurance:
When the number of films in the QC box is low and another box
with the same emulsion batch number is not available, WHAT is needed.
a crossover to a new box of film is needed
in Crossover in Quality Assurance:
WHAT is performed when the emulsion batch number of the QC film (not the clinical film) changes.
Crossover
in Crossover in Quality Assurance:
When the number of films in the QC box is low and another box
with the same emulsion batch number is not available, a
crossover to a new box of film is needed. Crossover is performed when the emulsion batch number of the QC film (not the WHAT?) changes.
clinical film
in Crossover in Quality Assurance:
- NOTE: Facilities using the same box of film for both QC
testing and clinical imaging must WHAT? procedure while 5 sheets of film remain. Crossover must be performed each time QC film with a different emulsion batch
number is purchased.
must perform crossover
in Crossover in Quality Assurance:
- NOTE: Facilities using the same box of film for both QC
testing and clinical imaging must perform crossover
procedure while 5 sheets of film remain. Crossover must WHAT?
must be performed each time QC film with a different emulsion batch number is purchased.
IN Crossover in Quality Assurance:
- NOTE: The facility must plan ahead. If there are no five
sheets of the old QC film available to perform a cross-over, it will be necessary to WHAT?
to re-establish the operating limits (Procedure 2A Establish Processor Operating Levels and
Control Limits).
WHAT ARE THE Equipment Required IN Control Film Crossover
Sensitometer
Densitometer
Five sheets of film from old control film
Fresh Box of control film.
Form 1 Processor Quality Control Chart
Form 3 Crossover Data Sheet
Digital thermometer accurate to at least “ 0.5o F
in Equipment Required IN Control Film Crossover:
1. While you have at least five sheets of the old QC film
remaining, select a new box of QC film and WHAT?
label it for QC purposes only
in Equipment Required IN Control Film Crossover:
2. The chemicals in the processor should be WHAT?. A
crossover procedure cannot be performed immediately
after routine preventative processor maintenance. Ensure
that the processor is operating within the ± 0.10 control
limits.
seasoned
in Equipment Required IN Control Film Crossover:
2. The chemicals in the processor should be seasoned. A
crossover WHAT?
after routine preventative processor maintenance. Ensure
that the processor is operating within the ± 0.10 control
limits.
cannot be performed immediately
in Equipment Required IN Control Film Crossover:
2. The chemicals in the processor should be seasoned. A
crossover procedure cannot be performed immediately
after routine preventative processor maintenance. Ensure
that the processor is operating within WHAT?
within the ± 0.10 control
limits.
in Equipment Required IN Control Film Crossover:
- Turn on sensitometer and follow manufacturer’s
instructions for warm up. Ensure glass surface of
sensitometer is clean. If necessary clean with a small
amount of glass cleaner and allow WHAT?. Be
sure sensitometer is set to the proper light, blue or green, to
match the film being used
allow drying before using
in Equipment Required IN Control Film Crossover:
- Turn on sensitometer and follow manufacturer’s
instructions for warm up. Ensure glass surface of
sensitometer is clean. If necessary clean with a small
amount of glass cleaner and allow drying before using. Be
sure sensitometer is set to WHAT?
proper light, blue or green, to
match the film being used
PARTS OF THE SENSITOMEER WITH THE STEP WEDGE
COVER WITH FOAM TO ENSURE GOOD FILM-WEDGE CONTACT
OPTICAL STEP WEDGE
PULSED STROBOSPIC LIGHT
WHAT IS AN INSTRUMENT DESIGNED TO EXPOSE A REPRODUCICLE, UNIFORM, OPTICAL STEP-WEDGE PATTERN ONTO A FILM
SENSITOMETER
in Equipment Required IN Control Film Crossover:
- At the same time that processor QC is normally performed, Expose and immediately WHAT? and five sensitometric control strips from the new QC box of film alternating between the two emulsion batches. When completed you will have 10 sensitometric strips
process five sensitometric control strips from the old box of QC film
in Equipment Required IN Control Film Crossover:
- At the same time that processor QC is normally performed, Expose and immediately process five sensitometric control strips from the old box of QC film and five sensitometric control strips from the WHAT?. When completed you will have 10 sensitometric strips
the new QC box of film alternating between the two emulsion batches
in Equipment Required IN Control Film Crossover:
- At the same time that processor QC is normally performed, Expose and immediately process five sensitometric control strips from the old box of QC film and five sensitometric control strips from the new QC box of film alternating between the two emulsion batches. When completed you will have WHAT?
sensitometric strips
in Equipment Required IN Control Film Crossover:
- Turn on the densitometer and follow manufacturer’s
procedures for warm up. Follow manufacturer’s procedure to
HOW MANY WHAT the densitometer. This is usually done by holding down
the optical sensory arm and pressing the NULL button until
0.00 is displayed. The densitometer must be zeroed before
each use. The densitometer must be calibrated before each
use by using the calibration tablet supplied by the
manufacturer. If the densitometer has several aperture sizes,
use the 2mm aperture.
ZERO
in Equipment Required IN Control Film Crossover:
- Turn on the densitometer and follow manufacturer’s
procedures for warm up. Follow manufacturer’s procedure to
zero the densitometer. This is usually done by holding down
the optical sensory arm and pressing the what? button until
0.00 is displayed. The densitometer must be zeroed before
each use. The densitometer must be calibrated before each
use by using the calibration tablet supplied by the
manufacturer. If the densitometer has several aperture sizes,
use the 2mm aperture.
NULL button
in Equipment Required IN Control Film Crossover:
- Turn on the densitometer and follow manufacturer’s
procedures for warm up. Follow manufacturer’s procedure to
zero the densitometer. This is usually done by holding down
the optical sensory arm and pressing the NULL button until
WHAT?. The densitometer must be zeroed before
each use. The densitometer must be calibrated before each
use by using the calibration tablet supplied by the
manufacturer. If the densitometer has several aperture sizes,
use the 2mm aperture.
0.00 is displayed
in Equipment Required IN Control Film Crossover:
- Turn on the densitometer and follow manufacturer’s
procedures for warm up. Follow manufacturer’s procedure to
zero the densitometer. This is usually done by holding down
the optical sensory arm and pressing the NULL button until
0.00 is displayed. The densitometer must be WHAT?
must be zeroed before
each use
in Equipment Required IN Control Film Crossover:
- Turn on the densitometer and follow manufacturer’s
procedures for warm up. Follow manufacturer’s procedure to
zero the densitometer. This is usually done by holding down
the optical sensory arm and pressing the NULL button until
0.00 is displayed. The densitometer must be zeroed before
each use. The densitometer must be calibrated before each
use by using the calibration tablet supplied by the
WHAT? . If the densitometer has several aperture sizes,
use the 2mm aperture.
manufacturer
in Equipment Required IN Control Film Crossover:
- Turn on the densitometer and follow manufacturer’s
procedures for warm up. Follow manufacturer’s procedure to
zero the densitometer. This is usually done by holding down
the optical sensory arm and pressing the NULL button until
0.00 is displayed. The densitometer must be zeroed before
each use. The densitometer must be calibrated before each
use by using the calibration tablet supplied by the
manufacturer. If the densitometer has several aperture sizes,
use the WHAT?
2mm aperture
in Equipment Required IN Control Film Crossover:
- For the five strips from the WHAT? batch read the
densities of the steps.
Operating Levels and Control Limits, for MD, HD and LD
and the base + fog. You should write the densities and the date
on the film with permanent marker.
old emulsion
in Equipment Required IN Control Film Crossover:
- For the five strips from the old emulsion batch read the
densities of the steps.
Operating Levels and Control Limits, for MD, HD and LD
and the base + fog. You should write the densities and the date
on the film with WHAT?
permanent marker
in Equipment Required IN Control Film Crossover:
- For the five strips from the old emulsion batch read the
densities of the steps.
WHAT Levels and Limits, for MD, HD and LD
and the base + fog. You should write the densities and the date
on the film with permanent marker.
Operating Levels and Control Limits
in Equipment Required IN Control Film Crossover:
- For the five strips from the old emulsion batch read the
densities of the steps.
Operating Levels and Control Limits, for WHAT?. You should write the densities and the date
on the film with permanent marker.
MD, HD and LD and the base + fog
in Equipment Required IN Control Film Crossover:
- Determine the Density Difference (DD) of the old QC film
by WHAT?
by subtracting the average density of the LD step from the
average density of the HD step ( DD = HD-LD).
in Equipment Required IN Control Film Crossover:
8. Record these values on the Crossover Data Sheet under
WHAT?
under Old Emulsion Data.
in Equipment Required IN Control Film Crossover:
8. Record these values on the WHAT? under
Old Emulsion Data
Crossover Data Sheet
in Equipment Required IN Control Film Crossover:
- For the five strips from the WHAT batch read the
densities of the steps established in Procedure 2A, Establish
Operating Levels and Control Limits, for MD, HD and LD
and the base + fog. You should write the densities and the date
on the film with permanent marker.
new emulsion batch
in Equipment Required IN Control Film Crossover:
- Determine the difference in the MD, DD, and Base plus
Fog between the WHAT? E.G.. If the value of the new strip is higher than the old, the
difference will be a positive number. If the value of the new
strip is lower than the old, the difference will be a negative
number.
between the new and old strips (i.e., new value – old
value)
in Equipment Required IN Control Film Crossover:
- Determine the difference in the MD, DD, and Base plus
Fog between the new and old strips (i.e., new value – old
value). If the value of the new strip is higher than the old, the
difference will WHAT?. If the value of the new
strip is lower than the old, the difference will be a negative
number.
will be a positive number
in Equipment Required IN Control Film Crossover:
- Determine the difference in the MD, DD, and Base plus
Fog between the new and old strips (i.e., new value – old
value). If the value of the new strip is higher than the old, the
difference will be a positive number. If the value of the new
strip is lower than the old, the difference will be WHAT?
will be a negative number
in Equipment Required IN Control Film Crossover:
- Determine the difference in the MD, DD, and Base plus
Fog between the new and old strips (i.e., new value – old
value). If the value of the new strip is WHAT?, the
difference will be a positive number. If the value of the new
strip is lower than the old, the difference will be a negative
number.
higher than the old
in Equipment Required IN Control Film Crossover:
- Determine the difference in the MD, DD, and Base plus
Fog between the new and old strips (i.e., new value – old
value). If the value of the new strip is higher than the old, the
difference will be a positive number. If the value of the new
strip is WHAT?, the difference will be a negative
number.
lower than the old
in Equipment Required IN Control Film Crossover:
- Using the numbers obtained in WHAT?, adjust the old operating
levels for MD, DD, and Base plus Fog. This is accomplished
by adding the old operating level to the difference obtained in
10.
10
in Equipment Required IN Control Film Crossover:
- Using the numbers obtained in 10, adjust WHAT? This is accomplished
by adding the old operating level to the difference obtained in
10.
the old operating levels for MD, DD, and Base plus Fog
in Equipment Required IN Control Film Crossover:
- Using the numbers obtained in 10, adjust the old operating
levels for MD, DD, and Base plus Fog. This is accomplished
by adding WHAT?
by adding the old operating level to the difference obtained in
10.
in Equipment Required IN Control Film Crossover:
14. Record the new operating levels, control limits and new
emulsion batch number on a WHAT?
new Processor QC Chart (Form
in Equipment Required IN Control Film Crossover:
15). In WHAT? section indicate that crossover was
performed and the date.
“Remarks”
in Equipment Required IN Control Film Crossover:
- The old Processor QC Chart is WHAT? but must be maintained for at
least one year.
no longer used for daily
processor QC data recording
in Equipment Required IN Control Film Crossover:
- The old Processor QC Chart is no longer used for daily
processor QC data recording but must be maintained for at
least HOW MANY YEARS?
for at least one year
in Equipment Required IN Control Film Crossover:
- If the new box of QC film produces densities such that the
previously established steps for WHAT? are no
longer the best choices, then new steps must be established
using Procedure 2A - Establish Processor Operating Levels
and Control Limits
MD, HD and LD
in Equipment Required IN Control Film Crossover:
- If the new box of QC film produces densities such that the
previously established steps for MD, HD and LD are WHAT?
no longer the best choices
in Equipment Required IN Control Film Crossover:
- If the new box of QC film produces densities such that the
previously established steps for MD, HD and LD are no
longer the best choices, then new steps must be established
using WHAT?
Procedure 2A - Establish Processor Operating Levels
and Control Limits
IN Manual Processing by the Time Temperature Method:
WHO? requires that manual
processing be performed using the time and temperature
method. Manual developing by sight is not permitted because
it decreases image quality. The film is not completely
developed and exposure to enough light to “see” the image
before the film is fixed may cause film fogging and a loss of
contrast.
NJ regulation [N.J.A.C. 7:28-22.5(c)]
IN Manual Processing by the Time Temperature Method:
NJ regulation [N.J.A.C. 7:28-22.5(c)] IT IS NOT REQUIRED OR REQUIRED? that manual
processing be performed using the time and temperature
method. Manual developing by sight is not permitted because
it decreases image quality. The film is not completely
developed and exposure to enough light to “see” the image
before the film is fixed may cause film fogging and a loss of
contrast.
requires
IN Manual Processing by the Time Temperature Method:
NJ regulation [N.J.A.C. 7:28-22.5(c)] requires that manual
processing be performed using the time and temperature
method. Manual developing by WHAT?. The film is not completely
developed and exposure to enough light to “see” the image
before the film is fixed may cause film fogging and a loss of
contrast.
by sight is not permitted because
it decreases image quality
IN Manual Processing by the Time Temperature Method:
NJ regulation [N.J.A.C. 7:28-22.5(c)] requires that manual
processing be performed using the time and temperature
method. Manual developing by sight is not permitted because
it decreases image quality. The film is not completely
developed and exposure to enough light to WHAT? may cause film fogging and a loss of
contrast.
to “see” the image
before the film is fixed
IN Manual Processing by the Time Temperature Method:
NJ regulation [N.J.A.C. 7:28-22.5(c)] requires that manual
processing be performed using the time and temperature
method. Manual developing by sight is not permitted because
it decreases image quality. The film is not completely
developed and exposure to enough light to “see” the image
before the film is fixed may cause WHAT?
may cause film fogging and a loss of contrast
IN Manual Processing:
1. Remove what? from tanks. Rubber apron and gloves
should be worn to prevent contact with chemicals and
protect clothing.
covers
IN Manual Processing
WHAT ARE THE Equipment Required:
- Manual tanks
- Film holder(s)
- Protective apron and gloves
- Thermometer
- Timer
IN Manual Processing by the Time Temperature Method:
Between developing sessions keep covers on tanks to decrease
WHAT?
to decrease evaporation and oxidation of chemicals.
IN Manual Processing:
1. Remove covers from tanks. Rubber apron and gloves
should be worn to prevent WHAT?
To prevent contact with chemicals and
protect clothing
IN Manual Processing:
1. Remove covers from tanks. WHAT?
should be worn to prevent contact with chemicals and
protect clothing.
Rubber apron and gloves
IN Manual Processing:
- Check WHAT? in tanks. If low, add chemistry.
fluid level
IN Manual Processing:
- Check fluid level in tanks. If low, add WHAT?
chemistry
IN Manual Processing:
- Measure WHAT? of THE developer. If temperature is
below 64°, increase developer temperature using tank
manufacturer’s recommended method. Allow time for
developer temperature to increase before developing films.
Check temperature again before starting procedure.
- Measure WHAT? of THE developer. If temperature is
temperature of developer
IN Manual Processing:
1. Remove covers from tanks. Rubber apron and gloves
should be worn to prevent contact with chemicals and
protect clothing.
* 2. Check fluid level in tanks. If low, add chemistry.
* 3. Stir chemistry well.
* 4. Measure temperature of developer. If temperature is
below 64°, increase WHAT? Allow time for
developer temperature to increase before developing films.
Check temperature again before starting procedure.
increase developer temperature using tank manufacturer’s recommended method
IN Manual Processing:
- Measure temperature of developer. If temperature is
below WHAT?, increase developer temperature using tank
manufacturer’s recommended method. Allow time for
developer temperature to increase before developing films.
Check temperature again before starting procedure.
- Measure temperature of developer. If temperature is
64°
IN Manual Processing:
- Measure temperature of developer. If temperature is
below 64°, increase developer temperature using tank
manufacturer’s recommended method. Allow WHTA? for
developer temperature to increase before developing films.
Check temperature again before starting procedure.
- Measure temperature of developer. If temperature is
time
IN Manual Processing:
- Measure temperature of developer. If temperature is
below 64°, increase developer temperature using tank
manufacturer’s recommended method. Allow time for
developer temperature to WHAT?
Check temperature again before starting procedure.
- Measure temperature of developer. If temperature is
increase before developing films
IN Manual Processing:
- Measure temperature of developer. If temperature is
below 64°, increase developer temperature using tank
manufacturer’s recommended method. Allow time for
developer temperature to increase before developing films.
Check WHAT? again before starting procedure.
- Measure temperature of developer. If temperature is
temperature
IN Manual Processing:
- All of the following steps except for WHAT? should be
performed in the darkroom under safelights only. Ensure
that the safelight used meets film manufacturer’s
specifications.
- All of the following steps except for WHAT? should be
drying
IN Manual Processing:
5. Depending on temperature of developer, film should be
left in developer solution as follows:
a. Developer is 64° - 66°
= 7 minutes
b. Developer is 68° - 70°= 5 minutes.
Optimal
for most films.
c. Developer is 72°- 76° = 4 minutes
IN Manual Processing:
- Measure temperature of developer. If temperature is
below 64°, increase developer temperature using tank
manufacturer’s recommended method. Allow time for
developer temperature to increase before developing films.
Check temperature again before WHAT?.
- Measure temperature of developer. If temperature is
before starting procedure.
IN Manual Processing:
- All of the following steps except for drying should be
performed in the darkroom under safelights only. Ensure
that the safelight used meetsWHAT?
- All of the following steps except for drying should be
used meets film manufacturer’s
specifications.
IN Manual Processing:
- All of the following steps except for drying should be
performed in the darkroom under WHAT?. Ensure
that the safelight used meets film manufacturer’s
specifications.
- All of the following steps except for drying should be
safelights only
IN Manual Processing:
8. Immerse film completely in developer. Agitate film gently
for the entire development time. WHAT? will ensure that all
parts of the film are developed to the same extent and ensure
that air bubbles do not stay on the film and cause artifacts.
Use a timer to ensure accurate timing.
Agitation
IN Manual Processing:
8. Immerse film completely in WHAT?. Agitate film gently
for the entire development time. Agitation will ensure that all
parts of the film are developed to the same extent and ensure
that air bubbles do not stay on the film and cause artifacts.
Use a timer to ensure accurate timing.
developer
IN Manual Processing:
8. Immerse film completely in developer. Agitate film gently
for the entire development time. Agitation will ensure that all
parts of the film are WHAT?
Use a timer to ensure accurate timing.
are developed to the same extent and ensure that air bubbles do not stay on the film and cause artifacts.
Use a timer to ensure accurate timing.
IN Manual Processing:
8. Immerse film completely in developer. Agitate film gently
for the entire development time. Agitation will ensure that all
parts of the film are developed to the same extent and ensure
that air bubbles do not stay on the film and cause artifacts.
Use a timer to ensure WHAT?
to ensure accurate timing
IN Manual Processing:
8. Immerse film completely in developer. Agitate film gently
for the entire development time. Agitation will ensure that all
parts of the film are developed to the same extent and ensure
that air bubbles do not stay on the film and cause artifacts.
Use a WHAT? to ensure accurate timing.
timer
IN Manual Processing:
- When the required development time is completed,
carefully remove film from WHAT? AND WHAT?. Film should be drained over the
developer tank or wash tank. Care must be taken not to
drain developer into fixer tank.
- When the required development time is completed,
from developer tank and allow excess developer to drain off
IN Manual Processing:
- When the required development time is completed,
carefully remove film from developer tank and allow excess
developer to drain off. Film should be drained over WHAT? Care must be taken not to
drain developer into fixer tank.
- When the required development time is completed,
over the developer tank or wash tank
IN Manual Processing:
- When the required development time is completed,
carefully remove film from developer tank and allow excess
developer to drain off. Film should be drained over the
developer tank or wash tank. Care must be taken WHAT?
- When the required development time is completed,
Care must be taken not to
drain developer into fixer tank.
IN Manual Processing:
- WHAT? in stop bath or wash tank for at least 30
seconds. Drain well over wash tank.
- WHAT? in stop bath or wash tank for at least 30
Immerse film
IN Manual Processing:
* 11. Immerse film in fixer tank for HOW MANY MINUTES?. Use film
manufacturer’s specifications to determine the amount of
time to leave film in fixer tank. Film should be agitated for
the first minute of fixation.
for 5 to 10 minutes
IN Manual Processing:
- Immerse film in stop bath or wash tank for at least HOW MANY SECONDS?. Drain well over wash tank.
at least 30 seconds
IN Manual Processing:
- When the required development time is completed,
carefully remove film from developer tank and allow excess
developer to drain off. Film should be drained over the
developer tank or wash tank. Care must be taken not to
drain developer into fixer tank.
- When the required development time is completed,
- Immerse film in stop bath or wash tank for at least 30
seconds. Drain well over TO WHAT?
- Immerse film in stop bath or wash tank for at least 30
wash tank.
IN Manual Processing:
* 11. Immerse film in fixer tank for 5 to 10 minutes. Use film
manufacturer’s specifications to determine WHAT? Film should be agitated for
the first minute of fixation.
the amount of
time to leave film in fixer tank
IN Manual Processing:
* 11. Immerse film in fixer tank for 5 to 10 minutes. Use WHAT? to determine the amount of
time to leave film in fixer tank. Film should be agitated for
the first minute of fixation.
Use film manufacturer’s specifications
IN Manual Processing:
* 11. Immerse film in fixer tank for 5 to 10 minutes. Use film
manufacturer’s specifications to determine the amount of
time to leave film in fixer tank. Film should be WHAT?
should be agitated for
the first minute of fixation
IN Manual Processing:
- Remove film from WHAT ? tank. Drain well over fixer or
wash water tank. Care should be taken not to drain fixer into
developer tank.
- Remove film from WHAT ? tank. Drain well over fixer or
fixer tank
IN Manual Processing:
- Remove film from fixer tank. Drain well over WHAT?. Care should be taken not to drain fixer into
developer tank.
- Remove film from fixer tank. Drain well over WHAT?. Care should be taken not to drain fixer into
fixer or wash water tank
IN Manual Processing:
- Remove film from fixer tank. Drain well over fixer or
wash water tank. Care should be taken not to drain WHAT?
- Remove film from fixer tank. Drain well over fixer or
fixer into developer tank
IN Manual Processing:
- Immerse film in wash water tank for HOW MANY MINUTES?
5 to 30 minutes
IN Manual Processing:
- If HOW MANY FILM is being processed at a time be
sure that films are as widely spaced as possible in the tank to
ensure that the water can clear the fixer from the film. Water
should be over top of film holder. Films should not touch
each other.
- If HOW MANY FILM is being processed at a time be
more than one film
IN Manual Processing:
- If more than one film is being processed at a time be
sure that films are as widely spaced as possible in the tank to
ensure that the water can clear the fixer from the film. WHAT?
should be over top of film holder. Films should not touch
each other.
- If more than one film is being processed at a time be
Water
IN Manual Processing:
- If more than one film is being processed at a time be
sure that films are WHAT? Water
should be over top of film holder. Films should not touch
each other.
- If more than one film is being processed at a time be
as widely spaced as possible in the tank to ensure that the water can clear the fixer from the film
IN Manual Processing:
- If more than one film is being processed at a time be
sure that films are as widely spaced as possible in the tank to
ensure that the water can clear the fixer from the film. Water
should be over WHAT?. Films should not touch
each other.
- If more than one film is being processed at a time be
over top of film holder
IN Manual Processing:
- If more than one film is being processed at a time be
sure that films are as widely spaced as possible in the tank to
ensure that the water can clear the fixer from the film. Water
should be over top of film holder. WHAT? should not touch
each other.
- If more than one film is being processed at a time be
Films
IN Manual Processing:
15. Rate of WHAT? exchange in wash tank should be
approximately eight times per hour. This will ensure fresh
water to wash the chemicals from the film completely.
RATE OF water exchange
IN Manual Processing:
15. Rate of water exchange in wash tank should be
approximately eight times per hour. This will ensure WHAT?
ensure fresh water to wash the chemicals from the film completely
IN Manual Processing:
- It is recommended to immerse film in a tank containing
WHAT AND BEFORE?
- It is recommended to immerse film in a tank containing
a wetting agent before drying
IN Manual Processing:
15. Rate of water exchange in wash tank should be
WHAT hour. This will ensure fresh
water to wash the chemicals from the film completely.
should be approximately eight times per hour
IN Manual Processing:
- It is recommended to immerse film in a tank containing
aN agent before drying. WHAT agent will
minimize the water spots on the film.
- It is recommended to immerse film in a tank containing
wetting agent
IN Manual Processing:
- It is recommended to immerse film in a tank containing
a wetting agent before drying. The wetting agent will WHAT
- It is recommended to immerse film in a tank containing
will minimize the water spots on the film
IN Manual Processing:
- Drain as much liquid from the film back into the wash
water tank as possible before WHAT?
- Drain as much liquid from the film back into the wash
before hanging film to air dry or
placing in dryer
IN Manual Processing:
- If dryer is used, do not WHAT?. Over drying film
may cause cracking.
- If dryer is used, do not WHAT?. Over drying film
do not over dry film
IN Manual Processing:
19. When dry, remove film from WHAT?. Label film, if not
previously done, with patient information.
holder
IN Manual Processing:
- If dryer is used, do not over dry film. Over drying film
may WHAT?
- If dryer is used, do not over dry film. Over drying film
may cause cracking.
IN Manual Processing:
19. When dry, remove film from holder. WHAT TO DO, if not
previously done, with patient information.
Label film
IN Manual Processing:
19. When dry, remove film from holder. Label film, if not
previously done, with WHAT?
patient information
IN Manual Processing:
- Add fresh chemicals to tank to WHAT?.
to replenish the chemistry.
IN Manual Processing:
- Cover WHAT until next use.
tanks until next use.
IN Laser Film Printer
Quality Control:
SMPTE Test Pattern IN:
0% patch
2.45” 0.15 OD
IN Laser Film Printer
Quality Control:
SMPTE Test Pattern IN:
10% patch
2.10” 0.15 OD
IN Laser Film Printer
Quality Control:
Inverted gray scale IN:
0% patch
2.50+ 0.15 OD
IN Laser Film Printer
Quality Control:
In most clinical settings, the physician makes the diagnosis by
WHAT?
by reading the images from a transparency recorded with a
multiformat camera
IN Laser Film Printer
Quality Control:
SMPTE Test Pattern IN:
40% patch
1.15” 0.15 OD
IN Laser Film Printer
Quality Control:
Inverted gray scale IN:
40% patch
1.35” 0.15 OD
OD MEANS
Optical Density
IN Laser Film Printer
Quality Control:
SMPTE Test Pattern IN:
90% patch
0.30” 0.08 OD
IN Laser Film Printer
Quality Control:
Inverted gray scale IN:
90% patch
0.30” 0.08 OD
IN Laser Film Printer
Quality Control:
* The transparency should reproduce WHAT?
the quality and gray
scale of the original image displayed on the system monitor
IN Laser Film Printer
Quality Control:
WHAT IS THE TEST FREQUENCY:
WEEKLY
IN Laser Film Printer
Quality Control:
Inverted gray scale IN:
10% patch
2.25” 0.15 OD
SMPTE MEANS
Society of Motion Pictures &
Television Engineers
IN Laser Film Printer
Quality Control:
- The following procedure uses the WHAT FOR digital test pattern. This
pattern is supplied with most laser printers or it can be
obtained from accessory vendors.
Society of Motion Picture
and Television Engineers (SMPTE)
IN Laser Film Printer
Quality Control:
- The following procedure uses the Society of Motion Picture
and Television Engineers (SMPTE) FOR WHAT?. This
pattern is supplied with most laser printers or it can be
obtained from accessory vendors.
digital test pattern
IN Laser Film Printer
Quality Control:
- As determined by procedure 3A, WHAT? should be consistent over time and match the gray
scales presented on monitor.
the laser film printer
quality
IN Laser Film Printer
Quality Control:
- The following procedure uses the Society of Motion Picture
and Television Engineers (SMPTE) digital test pattern. This
pattern is supplied with WHAT?
with most laser printers or it can be obtained from accessory vendors
IN Laser Film Printer
Quality Control:
- As determined by procedure 3A, the laser film printer
quality should be WHAT?
should be consistent over time and match the gray
scales presented on monitor.
IN Establishment of Laser Film
Printer Quality Control
Operating Levels:
- If possible, WHO? should assist with the initial
establishment of the laser film printer quality control
operating levels. The medical physicist should determine the
most appropriate gray scale test pattern to use for the
facility’s laser film printer system configuration or acquire a
step-wedge phantom image if no gray scale test pattern is
available.
the medical physicist
IN Establishment of Laser Film
Printer Quality Control
Operating Levels:
* If possible, the medical physicist should assist with the initial establishment of the WHAT?
the laser film printer quality control operating levels
IN Establishment of Laser Film
Printer Quality Control
Operating Levels:
Frequency: Initial setup and when significant change is
made in imaging procedures such as WHAT?
such as different type of film,
chemicals, or processing conditions
IN Establishment of Laser Film
Printer Quality Control
Operating Levels:
* If possible, the medical physicist should assist with the initial establishment of the laser film printer quality control
operating levels. WHO? should determine the
most appropriate gray scale test pattern to use for the
facility’s laser film printer system configuration or acquire a
step-wedge phantom image if no gray scale test pattern is
available.
The medical physicist
IN Establishment of Laser Film
Printer Quality Control
Operating Levels:
- If possible, the medical physicist should assist with the initial
establishment of the laser film printer quality control
operating levels. The medical physicist should determine the
most appropriate WHAT? to use for the facility’s laser film printer system configuration or acquire a step-wedge phantom image if no gray scale test pattern is
available.
the most appropriate gray scale test pattern
IN Establishment of Laser Film
Printer Quality Control
Operating Levels:
If possible, the medical physicist should assist with the initial
establishment of the laser film printer quality control operating levels. The medical physicist should determine the
most appropriate gray scale test pattern to use for WHAT?
for the facility’s laser film printer system configuration or acquire a
step-wedge phantom image if no gray scale test pattern is
available.
IN Establishment of Laser Film
Printer Quality Control
Operating Levels: WHAT ARE THE Equipment Required:
- Densitometer
- Laser Film Printer Quality Control Chart
- Gray Scale test Pattern - SMPTE (Society of Motion Picture
and Television Engineers)
IN Establishment of Laser Film
Printer Quality Control
Operating Levels:
If possible, the medical physicist should assist with the initial
establishment of the laser film printer quality control operating levels. The medical physicist should determine the
most appropriate gray scale test pattern to use for the facility’s laser film printer system configuration or acquire a
WHAT? if no gray scale test pattern is
available.
step-wedge phantom image
