LESSON 1 Flashcards
is all planned and systematic activities implemented within the quality system that can be demonstrate to provide confidence that a product or service will fulfill requirements for quality.
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Is a program used by management to maintain optimal diagnostic image quality with minimum hazard and distress to patients.
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Systematic collection and evaluation of data
QUALITY ASSURANCE
is operational techniques and activities used to fulfill requirements for quality.
QUALITY CONTROL
Aims to maintain consistent, high-quality diagnostic images, reduce radiation exposure for both patients and staff, and minimize downtime and waste to enhance cost-effectiveness.
QUALITY CONTROL
Consists of a series of standardized tests developed to detect changes in x-ray equipment function from its original level of performance.
QUALITY CONTROL
When was the Department of Environmental Protection (Department) and the Commission on Radiation Protection adopted regulations (New Jersey Administrative Code 7:28-22) that require any facility performing diagnostic x-ray procedures
January 16, 2001
the Department of Environmental Protection (Department) and the Commission on Radiation Protection adopted regulations (New Jersey Administrative Code 7:28-22), what require any facility performing diagnostic x-ray procedures?
• Radiography
• Fluoroscopy
• X-ray bone densitometry
or Computed Tomography
to develop and continuously implement a Quality Assurance program.
What are The regulations apply to equipment used on humans in?
• Hospital
• Medical
• Pediatric
• Chiropractic
• Industrial
• Schools
and Government Facilities
TRUE OR FALSE. The requirements of N.J.A.C. 7:28-22 do NOT apply to
mammography equipment that must comply with Federal
Mammography Quality Standards Act, 42 U.S.C.A. §263(b)
or N.J.A.C. 7:28-15.4.
TRUE
The requirements of N.J.A.C. 7:28-22 do apply to
mammography equipment that must comply with Federal
Mammography Quality Standards Act, 42 U.S.C.A. §263(b)
or N.J.A.C. 7:28-15.4.
FALSE, ITS NOT
The requirements of N.J.A.C. 7:28-22 do NOT apply to
mammography equipment that must comply with what act?
Federal
Mammography Quality Standards Act, 42 U.S.C.A. §263(b)
or N.J.A.C. 7:28-15.4.
N.J.A.C. stands for
National Judicial Appointments Commission
U.S.C.A. stands for
United States Code Annotated
What includes quality
control tests, helps to ensure that high quality diagnostic
images are consistently produced while minimizing radiation
exposure?
Quality Assurance (QA) program
covers the entire x-ray system from
machine, to processor, to view box.
QA program
What will enable the facility to recognize when
parameters are out of limits, which could result in poor
quality images, and can increase the radiation exposure to
patients.
QA program
In QA program, Simply performing the quality control tests is not sufficient.
TRUE
In QA program, Simply performing the quality control tests is sufficient.
FALSE
What is When quality control test results exceed established
operating parameters, appropriate corrective action must be
taken immediately and documented.
QA program
This guide is intended to assist the facility in setting up their
what program? and performing the quality control tests
required, to maintain high quality images and reduce patient
exposure.
QA program
This guide includes generally accepted procedures that the
facility may use to perform the required tests. The
procedures in this guide are not the only way to perform the
tests.
QA program
TRUE or FALSE. In QA program, the
procedures in this guide are the only way to perform the
tests.
FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE. In QA program, the
procedures in this guide are not the only way to perform the
tests.
TRUE
Alternative test procedures may be used without Department
approval. However, all procedures being used must be
documented in the facility’s QA manual and meet the
requirements of N.J.A.C. 7:28-22.
QA program
Alternative test procedures may be used without Department
approval. However, all procedures being used must be
documented in the facility’s QA manual and meet the
requirements of?
N.J.A.C. 7:28-22.
In some cases, manufacturer’s directions may be more
appropriate than the generic procedures in this guide. Product manufacturers, vendors, and service companies all
have information available in the form of?
- Leaflets
- videos
- Hands-on help
If the facility finds that they need more instruction than this
guide provides, please use these companies and the medical
physicist as the?
Resources
If the facility finds that they need more instruction than this
guide provides, please use these companies as the resources? Who or what?
Medical physicists
work with doctors, nurses, technicians, and
patients.
Medical physicists
Medical physicists work with doctors, nurses, technicians, and
patients. They have three main components of work:
• Clinical service consultation
• Research and development
• and Teaching.
are also concerned with research of
general medical significance, including the applications of
digital computers in medicine and applications of
information theory to diagnostic problems; processing,
storing, and retrieving medical images; measuring the amount
of radioactivity in the human body and foodstuffs; and
studying the anatomical and temporal distribution of
radioactive substances in the body.
Medical physicists
are also involved in the development of
new instrumentation and technology for use in diagnostic
radiology. These include the use of magnetic and electro-
optical storage devices for the manipulation of x-ray images,
quantitative analysis of both static and dynamic images using
digital computer techniques.
Medical physicists
Medical physicists are also involved in the development of
new instrumentation and technology for use in diagnostic
radiology. These include the use of what devices for the manipulation of x-ray images,
quantitative analysis of both static and dynamic images using
digital computer techniques?
magnetic and electro-
optical storage devices
What images These include the use of magnetic and electro-
optical storage devices for the manipulation of x-ray images,
quantitative analysis of using
digital computer techniques.
Static and Dynamic Images
Are literally visual images that do not move. They include
greeting cards, posters, slides, photographs, paintings, compact
disc covers, comics, cartoons, charts, collages, models,
newspapers, and print advertisements.
Static Images
In static images are literally visual images that does move.
False, they do not move.
Static images are literally visual images that do not move. They include
greeting cards, posters, slides, photographs, paintings, compact
disc covers, comics, cartoons, charts, collages, models,
newspapers, and print advertisements.
True
Static images are literally visual images that do not move. Give 6 examples.
greeting cards, posters, slides, photographs, paintings, compact
disc covers, comics, cartoons, charts, collages, models,
newspapers, and print advertisements.
What is the amalgamation (the action, process, or
result of combining or uniting.) of digital imaging, image
editing, and workflow automation?
Dynamic imaging
It is used to automate the
creation of images by zooming, panning, colorize and
performing other image processing and color management
operations on a copy of a digital master.
Dynamic Imaging
are also engaged in
research and development on imaging procedures utilizing
infrared and ultrasound sources.
Medical physicists
Who is responsible for developing and
implementing program alignment activities to support
program service delivery activities, with a specialized focus on
alignment of back end data capture, tracking, and monitoring
activities?
QA program coordinator
The responsibility for the quality control tests should be
assigned to a QA program coordinator, to ensure consistency
in test methodology and interpretation of the data.
QA program coordinator
The responsibility for the quality control tests should be
assigned and to ensure consistency
in test methodology and interpretation of the data.
QA program coordinator
How many more than person may perform the tests but how many person
should assume overall responsibility for the day to day operation of
the program.
More than one, but one person should assume overall responsibility for the day to day
This leads to better understanding of when to repeat tests, call for
service, or consult with the practitioner or medical physicist.
QA program coordinator
Who working
together as a team, are the key to providing optimum quality
radiographic images?
The physician, medical physicist, and QC personnel.
QC personnel? Who is this?
Chief RRT - Senior RRT’s - Supervisor of Radiology Dept
is a systematic process of checking to see whether a product
or service being developed, is meeting specified
requirements.
Quality Assurance Process
These are requirements from
• Its requires the combined efforts of the whole radiology staff
• Roles and responsibilities read of the member must defined
properly
• Must created to institutionalised the program
Requirements of QAQC
What are the requirements of QAQC
• Its requires the combined efforts of the whole radiology staff
• Roles and responsibilities read of the member must defined
properly
• Must created to institutionalised the program
What are qualification for QAQC?
Qualification of QAQC
EDUCATION/CERTIFICATION
Bachelors degree in Quality related field.
KNOWLEDGE/EXPERIENCE
Candidate should have a minimum of three year experience in
simillar role
ABILITIES and SKILLS
Leadership
Language
In qualification for qaqc, in KNOWLEDGE/EXPERIENCE
Candidate should have a minimum of how many year/s experience in
simillar role?
Three years
In Qualification of QAQC
What
ABILITIES and SKILLS should have
Leadership
Language
In qualification of QAQC
EDUCATION/CERTIFICATION
on what related field?
Bachelors degree in Quality related field
The regulation requires that each facility with radiographic
equipment perform, or have performed, atleast at
the frequency specified, and maintain records of the test
results.
Radiographic Quality Control
The frequency of tests specified in TABLE 1 is the MAXIMUM
frequency.
False, minimum
TRUE OR FALSE. The frequency of quality control tests may need to be
increased depending on many factors, including the age and
stability of the x-ray equipment and film processing
equipment, as well as the number of problems being
encountered.
True
In frequency, tests may always be performed at a LESS OR GREATER frequency
than required by N.J.A.C. 7:28-22.
Greater
In frequency, Tests may always be performed at a LESS frequency
than required by N.J.A.C. 7:28-22.
False, its greater
In frequency, Tests may always be performed at a GREATER frequency
than required by?
N.J.A.C. 7:28-22.
In FREQUENCY, tests may NOT be performed at frequencies GREATER OR LESS than
required in N.J.A.C. 7:28-22
Less
True or false. In FREQUENCY, Tests may be performed at frequencies LESS than
required in N.J.A.C. 7:28-22
False, test not may be performed
True or false. In FREQUENCY, Tests may NOT be performed at frequencies GREATER than
required in N.J.A.C. 7:28-22
False, its less than
True or false. After each link (x-ray unit, processor, film-screen
combination, darkroom, etc.) in the imaging chain is
optimized, a working QA program will provide warning flags
to the QA program coordinator when something goes awry.
True
True or false. If the coordinator finds, during the daily review, that the
established tolerances are exceeded, the test or tests must be
repeated to verify the results, then corrective action must be
taken.
True
True or false. The coordinator must be capable of identifying problems
and willing to resolve them as they occur, or the QA
program will not provide the intended benefits.
True
In training, The registrant what per that must ensure that
all individuals, performing any of the quality control tests,
have an appropriate level of training to perform the tests
competently.
per N.J.A.C. 7:28-22.5(d)
In training, The regulations do not specify that a physician, a radiologic
technologist or a physicist must perform the tests (The only
exception is the
Medical Physicist’s
QC Survey which must be performed by a who that
meeting the requirements of N.J.A.C. 7:28-22).
Medical Physicist
QC Survey which must be performed by a Medical Physicist
meeting the requirements of
N.J.A.C. 7:28-22.)
TRUE OR FALSE. In training, Anyone with adequate training can perform quality control
tests. The level of training required depends on the test being
assigned. Some procedures such as darkroom cleaning
require minimal training.
True
What is the Radiographic Quality Control Requirements
that the:
Frequency: Daily or each day x-rays are taken
Standard: Warm up tube; ensure equipment is working properly
Equipment Warm-up Procedure
What is the Radiographic Quality Control Requirements
that the:
Frequency: Daily or each day x-rays are taken
Standard: Medium Density “0.15 Optical Density (OD)
Density Difference “0.15 OD
Base+Fog +0.03 OD of operating levels
Processor Quality Control (Sensitometry/Densitometry)
What is the Radiographic Quality Control Requirements
that the:
Frequency: Weekly
Standard:
SMPTE Test Pattern Inverted gray scale
0% patch 2.45” 0.15 OD 0% patch 2.50+ 0.15 OD
10% patch 2.10” 0.15 OD 10% patch 2.25” 0.15 OD
40% patch 1.15” 0.15 OD 40% patch 1.35” 0.15 OD
90% patch 0.30” 0.08 OD 90% patch 0.30” 0.08 OD
The 5% patch should just be visible inside of the 0% patch.
The 95% patch should be visible inside the 100% patch.
Laser Film Printer Quality Control
is a
measure of the degree of film darkening. Technically it should be called
“transmitted density” when associated with transparent-base film since it
is a measure of the light transmitted through the film.
Radiographic density (AKA optical, photographic, or film density)
Radiographic density is a
measure of the degree of film darkening. Technically it should be called _________________ when associated with transparent-base film since it
is a measure of the light transmitted through the film.
transmitted density
Radiographic
density is the logarithm of two measurements:
- the intensity of light incident on the film (I0)
- and the intensity of light transmitted through the film (It).
In Radiographic Quality Control Requirements
that the;
Frequency: Weekly
Standard: Free from dust and dirt
Darkroom Cleanliness
In Radiographic Quality Control Requirements
that the;
Frequency: Initially and every 2 months (more frequently if needed)
Standard: Manufacturers’ specifications
Processor Maintenance and Chemical Solutions
In Radiographic Quality Control Requirements
that the;
Frequency: Initially and quarterly
Standard: All tests passed
Facility’s Equipment Visual Checklist
In Radiographic Quality Control Requirements that the;
Frequency: Initially and quarterly
Standard: Use film and chemicals with earliest expiration date first
Film and Chemical Shelf Life
In Radiographic Quality Control Requirements that the;
Frequency: Initially, quarterly and after service
Standard: Not to exceed 2% of Source to Image Distance (SID)
Light Field/X-ray Field Alignment
In Radiographic Quality Control Requirements that the;
Frequency: Semiannually
(review rejected films immediately for corrective action)
Standard: No standard, but goal should be <5%
Repeat Analysis
In Radiographic Quality Control Requirements that the;
Frequency: Examine every film for artifacts,
in-depth evaluation semiannually.
Standard: No significant artifacts
Artifact Evaluation
In Radiographic Quality Control Requirements that the;
Frequency: Initially and semiannually
Standard: 5 micrograms/sq. centimeter or 0.05 grams/sq. meter
Analysis of Fixer Retention
In Radiographic Quality Control Requirements that the;
Frequency: Initially, semiannually and after service
Standard: 0.05 Optical Density Difference
Darkroom Fog
In Radiographic Quality Control Requirements that the;
Frequency: Initially and annually or as needed
Standard: Initially and annually or as needed
Screen-Film Contact/Cassette & Integrity/Screen Cleanliness
In Radiographic Quality Control Requirements that the;
Frequency: Initially and annually
Standard: No breaks in protective garments
Lead Aprons, Gloves, Gonadal and Thyroid Shield Integrity Check
In Radiographic Quality Control Requirements that the;
Frequency: Initially and annually
Standard: As required in N.J.A.C. 7:28-22.8
Medical Physicist’s QC Survey
In Radiographic Quality Control Requirements that the;
Frequency: Initially and annually
Standard: As required in N.J.A.C. 7:28-22.4(a)7
Quality Assurance Program Review
What are the Radiographic Quality Control Requirements
There are 16 test & procedures that is required to be performed by the
trained personel (radiologic technologist).
- Equipment Warm-up Procedure
- Processor Quality Control
- Laser Film Printer Quality Control
- Darkroom Cleanliness
- Processor Maintenance and Chemical Solutions
- Facility’s Equipment Visual Checklist
- Film and Chemical Shelf Life
- Light Field/X-ray Field Alignment
- Repeat Analysis
- Artifact Evaluation
- Analysis of Fixer Retention
- Darkroom Fog
- Screen-Film Contact/Cassette & Integrity/Screen Cleanliness
- Lead Aprons, Gloves, Gonadal and Thyroid Shield Integrity Check
- Medical Physicist’s QC Survey
- Quality Assurance Program Review
What are the record retention
- Documentation of EACH corrective action, repair and service
- Test Results for items 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
13, & 14 in TABLE 1, Radiographic Quality
Control Requirements - Radiation Safety Survey of the Environment
- INITIAL Medical Physicist’s QC Survey report
- ANNUAL Medical Physicist’s QC Survey report
- Quality Assurance Program Review report
In record retention, how many years of minimum retention time that the; Documentation of EACH corrective action, repair and service
Minimum Retention Time: Two Years
In record retention, how many years of minimum retention time that the; Test Results for items 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
13, & 14 in TABLE 1, Radiographic Quality
Control Requirements
Minimum Retention Time: One Year
In record retention, how many years of minimum retention time that the; Radiation Safety Survey of the Environment
Minimum Retention Time: As long as machine is owned plus one
year
In record retention, how many years of minimum retention time that the; INITIAL Medical Physicist’s QC Survey report
Minimum Retention Time: Permanently
In record retention, how many years of minimum retention time that the; ANNUAL Medical Physicist’s QC Survey report
Minimum Retention Time: Two Years
In record retention, how many years of minimum retention time that the; Quality Assurance Program Review report
Minimum Retention Time: Two Years
what is Each day during the x-ray generator warm-up, and before exposing the first patient to x-rays, Test Frequency - Each day of operation
Standard - Ensure equipment is working properly.
Equipment Warm-up
Test Frequency - Each day of operation
Standard - Ensure equipment is working properly.
what is checking for indicator (kVp, x-ray on light or audible signal etc.) malfunction and the mechanical and electrical safety of the x-ray system.
Equipment Warm-up
Test Frequency - Each day of operation
Standard - Ensure equipment is working properly.
in what pradiographic quality procedures. Malfunctions and unsafe conditions (such as frayedwires) must be corrected promptly.
Equipment Warm-up
in what radiographic quality procedire, Follow the x-ray system manufacturer’s recommended warm up procedure.
Equipment Warm-up
what are the Equipment Warm-up procedure
- Turn on system.
- Set the machine parameters as follows:
i. 50- 60 kVp
ii. Set timer to 1 second
iii. Large Focal Spot
iv. Lowest mA possible for Large Focal Spot
v. Standing in a shielded area, make 4 exposures waiting 30 second between exposures.
True or false. If the tube is idle for more than 2 hours another warm up should be performed
True
True or false. If the tube is idle for less than 2 hours another warm up should be performed
False, its more than 2 hours
True or false. If the tube is idle for less than 2 hours there is no another warm up should be performed
False, another warm up should be performed
If the tube is idle for more than hours another warm up should be performed. mpre than how many hours?
more than 2 hours
in equipment warm up, what if an unusual noise, sparking or other event is noted, equipment should not be used until repairs are completed.
CORRECTIVE ACTION
In CORRECTIVE ACTION: If an unusual noise, sparking or other event is noted, equipment should not be used until repairs are completed. who should be contact fo repair?
x-ray service company
All corrective actions must be documented and the records retained for a minimum or maximum of how many years?
minimum of 2 years
is there any required to be maintained of this equipment warm up procedure?
No records are required to be maintained of this procedure.
in what radiographic quality conterol equirements, that On each day of operation, the processing system must operate as close as possible to the film manufacturer’s temperature and speed recommendations?
processor quality control
in what radiographic quality control requirements, that is important to verify that the film processor and the chemical system work in a consistent manner.
processor quality control
in what radiographic quality control requirements, It is very important that corrective action be implemented when the limits are exceeded or a pattern develops indicating a degradation of the system.
processor quality control
in processore quality control what type of film should use that facilities that use film types of different speeds for processor QC.
most sensitive type film
True or false. You must ensure that QC is performed on altogether processor
False, each processor
true or false You must ensure that QC is performed on EACH processor
True
true or false. The regulation specifies that processor QC should not be performed every day that patient x-rays are taken and before patient films are processed.
False it must.
True or false. The regulation specifies that processor QC MUST be performed every day that patient x-rays are taken and before patient films are processed.
True
True or false. Is having one processor in control ensure that all other processors in the facility are in control?
True, it does not ensure
If a facility has one processor and performs both mammography and diagnostic imaging, the mammography film should be used for what processor?
processor QC
If a facility has one processor and performs both mammography and diagnostic imaging, the mammography film should be used for what processor QC, as it is usually on what film?
more sensitive film
True or flase. If the facility uses the mammography film for processor QC testing, the facility must be sure to use the mammography film for processor QC on all days even if mammography is not being performed every day.
True
True or flase. If the facility uses the mammography film for processor QC testing, the facility must be sure to use the mammography film for processor QC on all days even if mammography is being performed every day.
False, all days even if mammography is not being performed every day.
True or false. Processor QC must be performed EACH day on EACH processor before any patient films are taken. Does not includes weekends and holidays.
False, it includes weekends and holidays.
True or False. Processor QC must be performed every other day on EACH processor before any patient films are taken. This includes weekends and holidays.
False, must be performed each day
True or false. Processor QC must be performed EACH day on EACH processor before any patient films are taken. This includes weekends and holidays.
True
True or false. Processor QC must be performed EACH day on altogether processor before any patient films are taken. This includes weekends and holidays.
False, in each proccesor
True or false. QC must be performed on processors used in hospital emergency departments or mounted in mobile vans.
True
True or false. Does QC must be performed on processors used in mounted in mobile vans also?
true
it is okay that the facility must proceed and no checking that if the sensitometer and/or densitometer is broken, out for calibration, or otherwise unavailable that a substitute instrument is available or another procedure is in place to ensure that the processor is operating within control limits before patient x-rays are taken?
No, it must ensure
Before you begin your processor quality assurance program, you must:
- Select an Appropriate Sensitometer
- Select an Appropriate Densitometer
- Select an Appropriate Thermometer
- Obtain control film
- Process and read sensitometric control strips promptly
- use control charts
- establish operating levels and control limits
what is an is a device containing a light source and a timing mechanism designed to give precise, repeatable and graduated light exposures to the radiographic film?
A sensitometer
is used to expose radiographic film to produce sensitometric control strips. These control strips are then processed to provide information that evaluates processor operation.
A sensitometer
True or false. It is not important that the light emitted by the sensitometer doesn’t “matches” the film used by the facility.
False, it is important and it is “matches”
True or false. It is important that the light emitted by the sensitometer “matches” the film used by the facility.
True
True or false. if the facility uses blue light sensitive film and intensifying screens, the sensitometer must emit blue light.
True
if the facility uses blue light sensitive film and intensifying screens, the sensitometer must emit what color of light?
blue light
the facility uses what color of the light sensitive film and intensifying screens, the sensitometer must emit what color of blue light
blue also
Does most sensitometers have a switch that allows the user to choose blue or green?
Yes, it mostly
True or false. The facility must ensure that the sensitometer is set to the appropriate color for their film.
True
True or false. If using dual-emulsion film, the sensitometer should expose both sides of the film simultaneously
True
True or false. If using dual-emulsion film, the sensitometer should not expose ob the other sides of the film simultaneously
False, the sensitometer should expose both sides of the film simultaneously
If using dual-emulsion film, the sensitometer should expose both sides of the film simultaneously. However, what Bureau has determined that acceptable results are obtained using a single sided sensitometer with dual emulsion film.
Bureau of Radiological Health
content of single emulsion fim: in order
super coat
emulsion
adhesive layer
base layer
anti cural & anti-halation layer
content of single emulsion fim: in order
super coat
emulsion
adhesive
base
adhesive
emulsion
supercoat
True or false. If using dual-emulsion film with different emulsion types on each side (such as Kodak Insight film), you must be sure to always expose the same emulsion side of the film.
True
If using dual-emulsion film with different emulsion types on each side (such as what???), you must be sure to always expose the same emulsion side of the film.
Kodak Insight film
The film has a what on one or more sides to indicate the different emulsion sides. Ensure that the film is always inserted into the sensitometer with the same side down.
notch
This document assumes that the facility is using a sensitometer that produces how many optical density steps?
21 optical density steps
True or false. Normally the step tablet, and the image to be calibrated, are scanned or photographed consumed time.
False, it save time
The first step in calibrating the image is to what?
measure the mean gray value of the background and the first 18 steps.
The first step in calibrating the image is to measure the mean gray value of the background and the first 18 steps. We don’t measure the last three steps be because they are not?
not distinguishable
If the facility is using a what with a different number of optical density steps, they will need to adjust the procedures and forms accordingly.
sensitometer
If the sensitometer needs to be calibrated, it must be returned to?
its manufacturer or another vendor
what is a device that measures the optical density of a developed radiographic film such as the sensitometric control strips?
densitometer
Evaluation of the processor operation requires that the sensitometric control strips be processed, the densities measured with the densitometer, and these measurements compared to a?.
compared to a standard or past values
True or false. The sensitometric control strips it is okay not to read with a densitometer beacuase they are te same.
False, the sensitometric control strips must be read with a densitometer.
True or false. It is inappropriate to visually compare sensitometric control strips.
True
should provide sufficient range to properly read the sensitometric control strips produced.
densitometer
If the densitometer needs to be calibrated, it must be returned to?
its manufacturer or another vendor. A list of vendors who calibrate sensitometer and densitometers.
For monitoring the temperature of the film processor, it is recommended that only a what device to be used.
digital thermometer
Yes or no. it is okay to use of a glass thermometer in the processor?
No. should Avoid the use of a glass thermometer as they are easily broken in the processor.
True or false. NEVER use a thermometer that contains mercury since the mercury is a photographic contaminant.
True
Yes or no. it is okay to use a thermometer that contains mercury since the mercury is okay for a photographic contaminant.
No, NEVER use a thermometer that contains mercury since the mercury is a photographic contaminant.
wha is EF means?
Evaporative Fraction
The thermometer used for monitoring the developer temperature must be accurate to at least? A clinical digital fever thermometer can be used.
“0.5EF
True or false. In selecting an appropriate for thermometer inquality control, a clinical digital fever thermometer can be used.
True
True or false. In selecting an appropriate for thermometer inquality control, a clinical digital fever thermometer it should not used.
False it can be used
yes or no. does the temperature of the processor solutions is critical to proper film development
yes
yes or no. does the temperature of the processor solutions is not so critical to proper film development
no, it is critical
measurements are essential to the QA program.
Accurate and timely temperature
True or false. A box of radiographic film should be reserved and used for QC testing only.
True
True or false. A box of radiographic film should be reserved and used for any other medical field or in QA program.
False, used for QC testing only.
True or false. A box of radiographic film should be reserved and used for QC testing only.
True
A box of radiographic film should be reserved and used for QC testing only.The box should be clearly marked “FOR QC TESTING ONLY”.
“FOR QC TESTING ONLY”
True or false. If more than one type of film is used in the facility, the most sensitive film should be used for the processor quality control.
True
True or false. The control film need not be the same size as the clinical film.
True
yes or no. does the QC film can be 8 X 10 even if all clinical images are produced on 14 X 17 film?
yes
in QC film, the film must be of the identical type as the clinical image film.
True
True or false all facilities dedicate a box of film for QC testing
True
True or false. all facilities don’t have a dedicate a box of film for QC testing
False, all facilities dedicate a box of film for QC testing
facilities with very small volume may use film from what batch for QC testing also.
clinical batch for QC testing also
If a facility chooses to do this, it is necessary to remember to leave sufficient film (how many sheets?) in the batch to perform crossover, when new film of a different emulsion batch number is purchased. how many sheets of film?
five sheets
Facilities, who do not dedicate a box of film for QC testing, may have to perform crossover more often then facilities that dedicate a box of film to QC testing
True
The facility must plan ahead. If there are not five sheets of the old QC film available to perform a cross-over, it will be necessary to?
re-establish the operating limits processor for the new QC film.
TO Obtain Control Film: To obtain the best results, you must:
- Check Densitometer Calibration Daily
in obtain control film, to obtain the best result, If the densitometer cannot be brought into calibration by facility adjustment, the densitometer must be returned to the manufacturer for a more thorough?
calibration or repair
When reading any step on the strip, the density should be measured in the?
center of the step
The values given for the strip and those taken daily should agree within the manufacturer’s specifications?
(usually “ 0.02 or “ 0.03) for all steps of the strip.
True or false. It is essential that the sensitometric control strip is exposed, immediately processed, read with a densitometer, and the data plotted to determine whether the processor is operating properly before processing any diagnostic radiographs.
True
True or false. It is okay to exposed the sensitometric strips, immediately can processed, read with a densitometer, and the data plotted to determine whether the processor is operating properly before processing any diagnostic radiographs.
True
True or false. It is essential that the sensitometric control strip is not exposed, immediately processed, read with a densitometer, and the data plotted to determine whether the processor is operating properly before processing any diagnostic radiographs.
False, It is essential that the sensitometric control strip is exposed, immediately processed, read with a densitometer, and the data plotted to determine whether the processor is operating properly before processing any diagnostic radiographs.
Sensitometric strips that are pre-exposed (hours or days in advance) will suffer from WHAT and will not be as sensitive as freshly exposed strips to changes in the processor function.
Latent image effect
are not to be processed until the processor is determined to be operating within manufacturer’s specifications. It is inappropriate, and illegal, to process clinical films and then determine, hours or days later, that the film processor was not operating optimally.
Diagnostic images
are needed to plot and review acquired data. Whenever a data point reaches or exceeds the control limits, the test should be repeated immediately. If the repeated measurement still reaches or exceeds the control limits, then immediate corrective action is required.
control charts
If the repeated measurement still reaches or exceeds the control limits, then
immediate corrective action is required
True or false. The out of-control data point should be circled, the cause of the problem noted, corrective action performed,documented, and then retested and the in-control data point plotted.
True
True or false. The out of-control data point should not be circled, the cause of the problem noted, corrective action performed,documented, and then retested and the in-control data point plotted.
False it should be
is also useful in detecting trends that indicate an unstable process.
control chart
is an upward or downward change in the measured data when three data points move in the same direction.
trend
True or false. The cause of trends should be investigated before the control limits are reached or exceeded.
True
true or false. The operating level is the level normally expected. The control limits are the extreme ranges of acceptable operation
true
True or false. If the daily test shows that the control limits are exceeded, the quality control test should not be repeated.
False, the quality control test should be repeated
True or false. If the result is still out of limits, corrective action must be taken before films are processed.
True
may include changing the temperature of developer, replacing chemistry, etc. Assistance in diagnosing and correcting problems can be found in the numerous books on film processing, the facility’s processor service company, film company representative and medical physicist.
corrective actions
Does widen the control limits since the data indicates that the processor is out of control and corrective action is essential. These limits are set by NJ State regulation.
False, DO NOT widen the control limits since the data indicates that the processor is out of control and corrective action is essential. These limits are set by NJ State regulation.
DO NOT widen the control limits since the data indicates that the processor is out of control and corrective action is essential. These limits are set by?
NJ State regulation
must be performed when the quality control program is initiated or if there are not five sheets of the old QC film available to perform a cross-over, it will be necessary to re-establish the operating limits
Establish Operating Levels and Control Limits
must be performed when the quality control program is initiated or if there are not five sheets of the old QC film available to perform a cross-over, it will be necessary to
re-establish the operating limits
requires Processor QC on all processors. For Daylight systems, Rapido systems, or other “non-standard” processing systems it will be necessary for you to feed the sensitometric film through by the manual method.
New Jersey Administrative Code 7:28-22.5
it offers an instant 8 x 10 radiographic film system.
The Polaroid Corporation
The Polaroid Corporation offers an instant 8 x 10 radiographic film system. The film size is limited to which makes the system applicable to extremity radiography only.
8 x 10
The system operates without a darkroom, without the standard processor and without separate processing chemicals. The film, after being exposed through the usual radiographic procedures, is processed using chemicals that are part of the film pack
Polaroid Instant Film System
Yes or no. Does Persons using the Polaroid system still have to perform daily Processor Quality Control
No, they do not have to
Yes or no. persons using the Polaroid system do not have to perform daily Processor Quality Control
Yes
what radiographic quality control in Polaroid Instant Film System, is a requirement is limited to following the manufacturer’s recommendation
- Darkroom Cleanliness
- Analysis of Fixer Retention or Darkroom Fog, Processor Maintenance
Equipment Required for Establish Processor Operating Levels and Control Limits
- Equipment Required:
- Sensitometer
- Densitometer
- Fresh box of control film.
- Processor Quality Control Chart
- Establishing Film Processor Operating - Levels worksheet
- Digital thermometer accurate to at least “ 0.5F
does the proccesor quality control and sensitomtry control have the same concpet?
Yes it does, Medium Density (MD) “ 0.15 Optical Density (OD)
Density Difference (DD) “ 0.15 Optical Density (OD)
Base + Fog: within 0.03 OD of established operating levels
True or false. MD and DD values that exceed ± 0.02 should be investigated immediately
false, 0.10
True or false. MD and DD values that exceed ± 0.07 should be investigated immediately
false, 0.10
True or false. MD and DD values that exceed ± 0.02 should be investigated immediately
True
True or false. MD and DD values that exceed ± 0.10 should be investigated immediatelybefore limit of ± 0.25 OD is exceeded.
False, 0.15 OD
True or false. MD and DD values that exceed ± 0.10 should be investigated immediatelybefore limit of ± 0.16 OD is exceeded.
False, 0.15 OD
True or false. MD and DD values that exceed ± 0.10 should be investigated immediatelybefore limit of ± 0.15 OD is exceeded.
True
In determine the temperature of the developer. Record on the Processor Quality Control chart. For automatic film processors, the temperature must be within the processor and film manufacturers’ specifications what usually degrees)
usually +/- 0.5 degrees F.
True or false. In determine the temperature of the developer. Record on the Processor Quality Control chart. For automatic film processors, the temperature must be within the processor and film manufacturers’ specifications (usually +/- 0.5 degrees F.) Tanks should be not covered when in use to prevent evaporation and oxidation of solutions
False, should be covered when not in use to prevent evaporation and oxidation of solutions
In after you have five sensitometric control strips produced over five days:
Turn on the densitometer and follow manufacturer’s procedures for warm up. Follow manufacturer’s procedure to zero the densitometer. This is usually done by holding down the optical sensory arm and pressing the NULL button until the displayed is?
0.00
In After you have five sensitometric control strips produced over five days:
Turn on the densitometer and follow manufacturer’s procedures for warm up. Follow manufacturer’s procedure to zero the densitometer. This is usually done by holding down the optical sensory arm and pressing what button? until 0.00 is displayed.
NULL button
True or false. The densitometer must be zeroed before each use.
True
True or false. The densitometer must not be zeroed before each use.
false, must zeroed
With the densitometer, read the density of each of the 21 steps for all how many sensitometric control strips?
five sensitometric control strips
If the densitometer has several aperture sizes, use the
2mm aperture
True or false. Density reading should be taken in the center of the step.
True
Using the densitometer, determine the ___________ for all five sensitometric control strips. It readings can be taken over any unexposed area of the film.
Base + Fog
Determine the average density for each step by adding the five readings for that step and dividing by
five
In Using the density averages in 7. the step where the average density is closest to but not less than 1.20?
Mid-Density (MD) step
In Using the density averages in 7, The Mid-Density (MD) step is the step where the average density is closest to but not less than
1.20
In Using the density averages in 7, The High Density (HD) step is the step where the average density is closest to
2.20
In Using the density averages in 7, The Low Density (LD) step is the step where the density is closest to but not less than
0.45
n Using the density averages in 7, Determine the Density Difference (DD) by
subtracting the average density of the LD step from the average density of the HD step ( DD = HD-LD).
In Using the density averages in 7,is the step where the average density is closest to 2.20.
The High Density (HD) step
In Using the density averages in 7, step is the step where the density is closest to but not less than 0.45.
The Low Density (LD) step
On a Processor Quality Control Chart (Form 1) record:
A. The facility name, processor ID, if applicable, film brand name, emulsion number from the QC box of film, and date month or days or week or years?
month and year
To determine the control limits
Add and subtract 0.15 Optical Density (OD) to the MD average density.
Add and subtract 0.15 OD to the DD value.
Add and subtract 0.03 OD to the average Base plus Fog density.
True or false. Changing the chemistry, as part of routine preventative processor maintenance is justification for re-establishing processor operating levels.
False it is not justification
Re-establishment of operating levels and control limits should be done for the purpose of bringing an out of control processor into compliance.
False, should never be done for the purpose of bringing an out of control processor into compliance.
True or false. The reason why a processor is out of control must be determined and the problem corrected.
True
The regulations require that be performed each workday when radiographs are to be processed, before processing any patient films but after the processor warm-up.
processor quality control
Equipment Required for daily processor quality control:
- Sensitometer
- Densitometer
- Fresh Box of control film.
- Form 1 Processor Quality Control Chart
- Digital thermometer accurate to at least “ 0.5F
in Maintain Processor Quality Control Charts for at least how many years?
one year
In Daily Processor Quality Control, Actual sensitometric strips should be maintained for at least the
the current 6 weeks
On Daily Processor Quality Control, CORRECTIVE ACTIONS: immediate action must be taken to correct any problems. Films must not be processed until processor is operating within limits set by the regulations. All corrective actions must be completed before patient films are taken, documented and records retained for a minimum of how many years?
2 years
True or false. If the processor seldom has problems, do not discontinue the quality control program. The lack of problems indicates that the process is in control at the present time but does not predict the stability of the processor in the future.
True
True or false. If the processor seldom has problems, do discontinue the quality control program. The lack of problems indicates that the process is in control at the present time but does not predict the stability of the processor in the future.
false, do not discontinue
In daily, processor quality control, Records: The Processor Quality Control Chart (Form 1) must be maintained for _ year, sensitometric strips (film) should be maintained for at least _ weeks. Records of corrective actions must be kept for _ years. determine how many years in weeks on underline.
must be maintained for 1 year, sensitometric strips (film) should be maintained for at least 6 weeks. Records of corrective actions must be kept for 2 years.
This list is not intended to be all-inclusive. There may be other reasons for your particular processor deviations. If in doubt, please contact your processor service company, imaging consultant or medical physicist.
Troubleshooting Guide to Processor Problems
