Midterm Flashcards
What is the glottis?
the space between the vocal folds
Describe the process of phonation. Additionally, explain the position of the vocal folds when a person takes a breath in the middle of talking.
Phonation is the vocal fold vibration.
- vocal folds are adducted
- air pressure from the lungs forces the vocal folds to be forced apart, or abducted
- the bernoiully affect causes them to come back together
- this process continues until the brain tells the articulators to stop
When a person breathes while talking, the vocal folds are abducted, or apart.
The source-filter theory of speech production includes a power, a source, and a filter. Explain the source-filter theory of speech production (for vowels). What is the power? What is the source? What is the filter? What makes vowel sounds different from each other?
The source-filter theory of speech production is the compartmentilization of sounds where the source is the vocal folds, the power is the lungs and the filter is the vocal tract.
The process of the lungs sending the air through the vocal folds, then the vocal folds vibrating, and the tract shaping it allows the sound wave to be audible for us to be able to hear and interpret. Without these, it would not be. Vowel sounds are different from each other based on whether they are voiced or voiceless and where in the mouth are tongue is located. With a voiced vowel, the vocal folds are vibrating. With a voiceless vowel, the vocal folds are not vibrating. When the tongue is placed in different places in our mouth, like tongue height and tongue position, that is how we get the different vowel sounds like the chart above.
What would the output of the vocal folds sound like if you could hear it in the absence of the vocal tract?
a buzz
What influences the frequency of the fundamental frequency?
What influences the frequency of the first formant?
What influences the frequency of the second formant?
The fundamental frequency is influenced by the rate at which the vocal folds vibrate. Fast vibration is a higher pitch and slow vibration is a lower pitch.
The first formant is influenced by the tongue height. A high tonuge height creates a lower frequency and a low tongue height creates a high frequency.
The second formant is influenced by the tongue advancement. The tongue in the front of the mouth creates a high frequency and the tongue in the back of the mouth creates a low frequency.
If you recorded yourself speaking softly and speaking loudly, these differences would be noticeable on which of the following? Select all that apply. (Hint: These differences will be noticeable on any graph that indicates amplitude.)
spectrogram
spectrum
waveform
What English word is represented in IPA as /hut/
hoot
What English word is represented in IPA as /sid/
seed
What English word is represented in IPA as /tæd/
tad
What type of cue is Voice Onset Time?
temporal
