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1 Esthetician School > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three divisions of the skin?

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis

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2
Q

How many layers are there in the Epidermis? Please name them… (GMGCHS)

A

6 layers
Germinative Layer or Stratum Germinativum
Malpighain Layer or Stratum Spinosum
Granular Layer or Stratum Granulosum
Clear Layer or Stratum Lucidum
Horny Layer or Stratum Corneum
Squamous Layer or Stratum Dysjunctum

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3
Q

What is the Epidermis?

A

the outer layer of your skin

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4
Q

Name the 1st layer of the Epidermis and explain what is does…

A

Germinative Layer or Stratum Germinativum
Juicy and living cells
Producing new cells and where mitosis happens
Vitamin D is mainly absorbed here

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5
Q

Name the 2nd layer of the Epidermis and explain what is does…

A

Melpighain Layer or Stratum Spinosum
‘spiny’ or ‘prickle’ cells
Cells start to dehydrate
Start to connect to each other

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6
Q

Name the 3rd layer of the Epidermis and explain what is does…

A

Granular Layer or Stratum Granulosum
Basel layer
Process of transformation
Cells are dry, waxy flakes
Keratin starts, waxy protien
**Creates the barrier function **

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7
Q

Name the 4th layer of the Epidermis and explain what is does…

A

Clear Layer or Stratum Corneum
Production of calluses
Filled with keratin
palms and feet

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8
Q

Name the 5th layer of the Epidermis and explain what is does…

A

Horny Layer or Stratum Corneum
Firmly cemented together (incellular cement)
Barrier to prevent TWEL
Where we bluebirds do our magic!

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9
Q

Name the 6th layer of the Epidermis and explain what is does…

A

Squamous Layer or Stratum Dysjunctum
scaly exterior cells waiting to be sloughed off body

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10
Q

What two layers are in the Dermis?

A

Papillary Layer
Recticular Layer

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11
Q

How much of the papillary layer is in the dermis?

A

1/5

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12
Q

Explain the papillary layer…

A

loose (areolar) connective tissue
rich supply of blood capoillaries + nerve endings for touch
dermal papillae which project into the epidermis

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13
Q

How much of the recticular layer is in the dermis?

A

4/5

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14
Q

Explain the reticular layer…

A

highly sensitive
collagen and elastic fibers
skins elasticity breaksdown from UV, smoking no sunscreen
large layer

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15
Q

Explain what the hypodermis is….

A

thick layer of irregularly connective tissue
fatty layer
below the dermis and on top of muscles
fat padding acts as a shock
absorber

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16
Q

Where are fibroblasts located?

A

Papillary Layer

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17
Q
A
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18
Q

Where does keratinization start?

A

Starting in the germinative layer

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19
Q

Where does keratinization end?

A

Horny layer

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20
Q

What happens to the cells during keratinization? (SCD)

A

several modifications
changing from whole, moist, living
into dry, dehydrated, waxy shells

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21
Q

Major pigment coloring the skin is called _____

A

melanin

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22
Q

___ in the skin to act as an umbrella to protect skin from UV damage

A

melanin

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23
Q

Melanin granules are created by special cells found in the germinative layer of theepidermis called ______

A

melonocytes

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24
Q

Melanin is primarily given credit for creating the _______

A

skins color

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25
Q

What is Melanocytes Stimulating Hormone? MSH

A

stimulated from pituitary gland
responsible for activating melanin

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26
Q

The most visible part of the follicle is where it opens onto the skins surface.

A

Silo-sebacous follicle

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27
Q

Pilo-sebacous commonly referred to as a

A

pore

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28
Q

What are the Sebaceous glands? (How big, where are they and what do they open into)? (SDF)

A

small glandular organs
dermis
follicular canal

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29
Q

What two factors increase sebaceous activity?

A

stress
puberty

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30
Q

Where are the sebaceous glands found

A

all parts of body, particulary the face

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31
Q

What are Sudoriferous glands commonly referred to as?

A

sweat glands

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32
Q

Where are sudoriferous glands found?

A

all over body

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33
Q

What are the two sweat glands called..

A

eccrine glands
apocrine glands

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34
Q

Where are the eccrine glands found and what ph level are they (acidic or alkaline)?

A

all over the body
acidic in nature

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35
Q

The pH of a substance is its.. (A&A)

A

degree of acidity or alkalinity

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36
Q

What does pH stand for

A

Potential Hydrogen

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37
Q

What is the pH neutral point…

A

7

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38
Q

Anything below 7 on the pH scale is….

A

acidic

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39
Q

Anything over 7 to 14 on the pH scale is….

A

Alkaline

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40
Q

What does buffer capacity mean..

A

the skins ability to return to the normal value of approx pH 5 after changes

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41
Q

What are Hydrophobic Fats?

A

intercellular cement, prevents TWEL

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42
Q

What are Hydrophilic Fats?

A

Fats in sebum & sweats Hyper Lipid Layer, moisture from air

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43
Q

What does permeability mean
What does impermeability mean

A

allows liquids & gases to enter
not allowing liquids & gases to enter

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44
Q

What is Imbibition?

A

swelling of horny layer, steam does this to skin

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45
Q

Horny Assimilation is…

A

skin interacts to products, self tanner

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46
Q

Transcutaneous Absorption…

A

penetration of a substance through the skin and into the bloodstream like essential oils or drugs

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47
Q

What are the 5
Couperose Skin Treatment objectives?
CV, H,N,P,E

A

Calm Vast-Instrict
Hydrate
Normaliza PH
Protect
Educate

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48
Q

What are the 6
Sensitive Skin Treatment objectives?
CI,IP,RB,H,N,E

A

Calm Irritation
Insulate & Protect
Restore Barrier
Hydrate
Normalize PH
Educate

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49
Q

What are the 6
Alipidic Skin Treatment objectives?
IP,RB,IPCM,H,N,E

A

Insulate & Protect
Restore Barrier
Insulate Peripheral Circulation & Metabolism
Hydrate
Normalize PH
Educate

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50
Q

What are the 4
Normal Skin Treatment objectives?
M,A,P,E

A

Maintain all skin functions
Adjust to climate
Protect
Educate

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51
Q

What are the 4
Dehydrated Skin Treatment objectives?
H,N,P,E

A

Hydrate
Normallize pH
Protect
Educate

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52
Q

What are the 9
Acne Skin Treatment objectives?
CI, RT, CC, DS, PH, H, N, P, E

A

Calm possible inflammation
Refine surface texture
Clear congestion
Disinfect & soothe
Promote healing
Hydrate
Normalize pH
Protect
Educate

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53
Q

What are the 9
Mature Skin Treatment objectives?
IPCM, ILW, RT, TF, CD, H, N, P, E

A

Increase peripheral circulation & metabolism
Improve superficial lines & wrinkles
Refine surface texture
Tone & Firm
Counteract free-radical damage
Hydrate
Normalize pH
Protect
Educate

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54
Q

Which skin type are these alternative treatments good for 1) hydrogel infusion
2) lucas
3) paraffin mask
4) red LED
5) ampoule
6) collagen fleece mask

A

Dehydrated Skin

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55
Q

Which skin type are these alternative treatments good for
1) oil infusion
2) percussion technique

A

Alipidic Skin

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56
Q

Which skin type are these alternative treatments good for
1) BT mirco exfoliate
2) disincrustation

A

Oily Skin

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57
Q

Which skin type are these alternative treatments good for
1) steam w/ozone
2) BT sonic exfoliate

A

Acne Skin

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58
Q

Which skin type are these alternative treatments good for
1) lucas w/ peppermint
2) cold globes
3) chamomile compress

A

Couperose Skin

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59
Q

Which skin type are these alternative treatments good for
1) lucas w/ essential oil
2) cold globes
3) chamomile compress

A

Sensitive Skin

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60
Q

Which skin type are these alternative treatments good for
1) oil infusion
2) paraffin mask

A

Mature Skin

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61
Q

Seborrhea Sicca is what kind of skin?

A

Oily that has been severely mistreated

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62
Q

What are the factors for dermal dehydration?

A

is dehydratation of the internal layers of skin & is a result of internal factors

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63
Q

What are the causes of dehydration? (N,M,D,SD)

A

Neglect
Medication
Diet
Sun Damage

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64
Q

What are the over-treatment or incorrect treatments that causes dehydration? (EE, HS, HC, A, TM)

A

Excessive Exfoliate
Hot Showers
Harsh Cleansing
Astringents
Topical Medication

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65
Q

What are the pathogenic factors for acne (K,HS,P)

A

Keratinization
Hyper-Secretion
P Acne Bacteria

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66
Q

What are non-Inflammatory acne lesions? (SF, COC,M)

A

Sebaceous Filaments
Comedones, Open & Closed
Milia

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67
Q

Which acne non-Inflammatory lesions congested follicle of sebum (extractable)

A

Sebaceous Filaments

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68
Q

Which acne non-Inflammatory lesions dilated pore filled with black, oxidized, keratinous material (extractable)

A

Open Comedo

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69
Q

Which acne non-Inflammatory lesions small microscopic opening, non oxidized (extractable)

A

Closed Comedo

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70
Q

Which acne non-Inflammatory lesion white firm bumps just under the skin (extractable with lancet)

A

Milia

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71
Q

What are Inflammatory acne lesions? (P,P,N,C,S)

A

Papule
Pustule
Nodule
Cysts
Scar

72
Q

Which Inflammatory acne lesion is 5mm or less, small/red/sore bump (non extractable)

A

Papule

73
Q

Which Inflammatory acne lesion is pusfilled/red/swollen bump with pus (extractable)

A

Pustule

74
Q

Which Inflammatory acne lesion is 5mm or more, deep seated lump (non extractable)

A

Nodule

75
Q

Which Inflammatory acne lesion is deep seated inflammation within body tissue contained by a membrane

A

Cysts

76
Q

Which Inflammatory acne lesion result of an inflammatory lesion, hardened/irregular/granular tissue formed during healing

A

Scar

77
Q

Which Inflammatory acne lesion is swollen area within body tissue containing accumulation of pus (non extractable)

A

Abscess

78
Q

What is Imbibition?

A

swelling of horny layer, steam does this to skin

79
Q

What are Hydrophobic Fats?

A

intercellular cement, prevents TWEL

80
Q

What are Hydrophilic Fats?

A

Fats in sebum & sweats Hyper Lipid Layer, moisture from air

81
Q

Horny Assimilation is…

A

skin interacts to products, self tanner

82
Q

Transcutaneous Absorption…

A

fancyword for how essential oils and hormones can absorb/blood stream

83
Q

Anagen is…

A

where you get long term hair reduction

84
Q

Telogen is…

A

Resting hair stage

85
Q

What is Trichology?

A

study and science of hair

86
Q

A condition in which the tissue of the body reacts to injury, irritation, or infection

A

Inflammation

87
Q

Resist antiseptics, antimicrobials, and disinfection through a sticky matrix substance.

A

Biofilms

88
Q

Multiply best in warm, dark, damp, or dirty places. =>

A

Bacteria

89
Q

There can be no bacterial infection without the presence of BLANK

A

pathogenic bacteria

90
Q

Single-celled organisms that grow in irregular masses and include molds, mildews, and yeasts.

A

Fungi

91
Q

Colonies of microorganisms that adhere to environmental surfaces, as well as the human body.

A

Biofilms

92
Q

What is anagen?

A

first stage of hair growth
Best stage for hair removal

93
Q

What is removing hair from the folllicles via tweezing or waxing?

A

epilation

94
Q

What is the funcation of a depilatory?

A

Temporarily removing hair by dissolving it at skin level

95
Q

When waxing the lip, where are there often nuisance hairs that bother the client?

A

vermillion border

96
Q

What shape does a hair follicle take?

A

small tube

97
Q

What is lanugo hair?

A

fine, soft, downy hair

98
Q

Name the parts of the structure of the hair (ASFRPB)

A

arrector pili muscle
sabaceous gland
hair follicle
hair root
hair papilia
blood vessel

99
Q

anchors hair to the skin cells

A

hair root

100
Q

is a thick, club-shaped structure madefrom epithelial cells

A

hair blub

101
Q

cone-shaped elevation of connective tissue

A

hair papilla

102
Q

mass of epidermal cells forming a small tube

A

hair follicle

103
Q

defined as the part of the hair located above the surface of skin

A

hair shaft

104
Q

The pH of a substance is its.. (A&A)

A

degree of acidity or alkalinity

105
Q

What does pH stand for

A

Potential Hydrogen

106
Q

What does buffer capacity mean..

A

the skins ability to return to the normal value of approx pH 5 after changes

107
Q

Where does keratinization start?

A

Starting in the germinative layer

108
Q

Where are sudoriferous glands found?

A

all over body

109
Q

What are Sudoriferous glands commonly referred to as?

A

sweat glands

110
Q

Explain what the hypodermis is….

A

thick layer of irregularly connective tissue
fatty layer
below the dermis and on top of muscles
fat padding acts as a shock
absorber

111
Q

How much of the papillary layer is in the dermis?

A

1/5

112
Q

How much of the recticular layer is in the dermis?

A

4/5

113
Q

Explain the reticular layer…

A

highly sensitive and made up of elastic material
collagen and elastic fibers
skins elasticity breaksdown from UV, large layer

114
Q

Explain the papillary layer…

A

rich supply of blood capoillaries nerve endings for touch
dermal papillae

115
Q

Name the 6th layer of the Epidermis and explain what is does…

A

Squamous Layer or Stratum Dysjunctum
scaly exterior cells waiting to be sloughed off body

116
Q

Name the 5th layer of the Epidermis and explain what is does…

A

Horny Layer or Stratum Corneum
Firmly cemented together (incellular cement)
Barrier to prevent TWEL
Where we bluebirds do our magic!

117
Q

Name the 4th layer of the Epidermis and explain what is does…

A

Clear Layer or Stratum Corneum
Production of calluses
Filled with keratin
palms and feet

118
Q

Name the 3rd layer of the Epidermis and explain what is does…

A

Granular Layer or Stratum Granulosum
Basel layer
Process of transformation
Cells are dry, waxy flakes
Keratin starts, waxy protien
**Creates the barrier function **

119
Q

Name the 2nd layer of the Epidermis and explain what is does…

A

Melpighain Layer or Stratum Spinosum
‘spiny’ or ‘prickle’ cells
Cells start to dehydrate
Start to connect to each other

120
Q

Name the 1st layer of the Epidermis and explain what is does…

A

Germinative Layer or Stratum Germinativum
Juicy and living cells
Producing new cells and where mitosis happens
Vitamin D is mainly absorbed here

121
Q

How many layers are there in the Epidermis? Please name them… (GMGCHS)

A

6 layers
Germinative Layer or Stratum Germinativum
Malpighain Layer or Stratum Spinosum
Granular Layer or Stratum Granulosum
Clear Layer or Stratum Lucidum
Horny Layer or Stratum Corneum
Squamous Layer or Stratum Dysjunctum

122
Q

What pH point is healthy skin at…

A

4.5 and 5.5

123
Q

What does pH stand for

A

Potential Hydrogen

124
Q

What is the pH neutral point…

A

7

125
Q

Anything below 7 on the pH scale is….

A

acidic

126
Q

Anything over 7 to 14 on the pH scale is….

A

Alkaline

127
Q

Technical term for epidermis

A

stratified epithelial tissue

128
Q

A cell found in connective tissue that produces fibers, such as collagen

A

Fibroblasts

129
Q

Starts in germinative layer and ends in horny layer
Takes 14 days for daughter cellls to make their way to the horny layer
Takes 14 days to slough off
Protects against TEWL

A

Keratinization

130
Q

Dark pigment that imparts color to skin and hair

A

Melanin

131
Q

Pilo-Sebaceous Follicle

A

Hair follicle

132
Q

Gland in the dermis of the skin that open into the hair follicle and produce/secrete sebum

A

sebaceous glands

133
Q

alkaline in nature, develop during puberty, responsible for odors

A

sudoriferous glands - apocrine glands

134
Q

acidic in nature, all over body, responsible for perspiration

A

sudoriferous glands - apocrine glandsEccrine glands

135
Q

Hydro-lipid film =

A

acid mantle

136
Q

Skins ability to return to the normal value of ≈ph 5 after changes

A

Buffer capacity

137
Q

Water repelling

A

Hydrophobic fats

138
Q

Water attracting

A

Hydrophilic fats

139
Q

Truly oily skin

A

Seborrhea oleosa

140
Q

Registers all types of disinfectants sold/used in the US

A

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

141
Q

Single-celled microorganisms that have both plant and animal characteristics and can only see under the microscope

A

Bacteria

142
Q

Which pathogenic are harmless and harmful

A

Nonpathogenic - harmless
Pathogenic - harmful and can cause disease/infection

143
Q

a fluid containing white blood cells, bacteria, and dead cells, and is the byproduct of the infectious process

A

Pus

144
Q

Most common bacteria
Can be picked up on doorknobs/countertops/etc
skin-to-skin contact

A

Staphylococci

145
Q

Initially appears as skin infection resulting in pimples, rashes, boil

A

MRSA

146
Q

Submicroscopic particle that infects/resides in the cells of a biological organism

A

Viruses

147
Q

HIV is a bloodborne pathogen and causes AIDS

A

AIDS

148
Q

Single-felled organisms that grow in irregular masses that include molds, mildews, and yeasts

A

Fungi

149
Q

Organisms that grow/feed/shelter on or inside another organism

A

Parasites

150
Q

Colonies of microorganisms that adhere to environmental surfaces

A

Biofilms

151
Q

Stable/uniform mixture of two or more substances

A

Solutions

152
Q

Substance that is dissolved in a solution

A

Solute

153
Q

Substance that dissolves the solute and makes the solution

A

Solvent

154
Q

Unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid

A

Suspensions

155
Q

Unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances

A

Emulsions

156
Q

Liquids that are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions

A

Immiscible

157
Q

Liquids that are mutually soluble, meaning that they can be mixed together to form stable solutions

A

Miscible

158
Q

Oil droplets are emulsified in water

A

O/W emulsion

159
Q

Water droplets are emulsified in oil

A

W/O emulsion

160
Q

Mass of epidermal cells forming a small tube or canal

A

hair follicle

161
Q

Lined with epidermal tissue
Where cell mitosis happens

A

Follicular canal

162
Q

secretes sebum to lubricate hair and skin

A

Sebaceous gland

163
Q

Contracts when stimulated by cold or other stimuli

A

arrector pili muscle

164
Q

Long, coarse, pigmented hair found on the scalp, legs, arms, and bodies of males and females

A

Terminal hair

165
Q

Process of removing hair at or near the level of the skin
Ex: shaving/chemical depilation

A

Depilation

166
Q

Removes hair from the bottom of the follicle by breaking contact between the bulb and the papilla
Ex: tweezing/waxing/sugaring/threading

A

Epilation

167
Q

there are what Tweezing
Shaving
Chemical Depilatory
Threading
Sugaring
Waxing

A

Temporary hair removal methods

168
Q

vermillion border

A

line around the lips

169
Q

underarm is also called

A

Axilla

170
Q

what are two facial massage contraindications

A

contagious diseases
inflamed acne

171
Q

soft/continuous stroking

A

Effleurage

172
Q

compression technique includes kneading/squeezing/pinching

A

Petrissage

173
Q

percussive stroke/fast tapping (aka percussion

A

Tapotement

174
Q

invigorating rubbing

A

Friction

175
Q
A

1 Esthetician School (5 decks)

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