midterm ! Flashcards
QUINOLONES
used for uncomplicated gonorrhea
norfloxacin
in 800 mg single oral dose
QUINOLONES
- its primary use is for uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis and chancroid
- also an enzyme inhibitor of CYP1A2
enoxacin
QUINOLONES
has the best distribution among quinolones
the only quinolone distributed in the cerebrospinal fluid
ciprofloxacin
QUINOLONES
agent of choice for bacterial gastroenteritis
ciprofloxacin
QUINOLONES
agent of choice for the management of inhalational antharax
ciprofloxacin
QUINOLONES
this quinolone is incompatible with drugs that are alkaline
ciprofloxacin
QUINOLONES
use of ciprofloxacin + doxycycline
gonococcal urethritis
QUINOLONES
use of ciprofloxacin + ceftriaxone
disseminated gonorrhea
QUINOLONES
- this quinolone is not effective in syphilis
- supplied as racemate
ofloxacin
QUINOLONES
indicated for acute bacterial exacerbations caused by H. influenzae or M. catarrhalis
lomefloxacin
QUINOLONES
it has halogen in C-8 which causes phototoxicity
lomefloxacin
QUINOLONES
the only quinolone which once-daily oral dosing suffices
lomefloxacin
QUINOLONES
- has long elimination half-life
- used for bacterial gastroenteritis and cholecystitis
- has the lowest incidence of phototoxicity because of the amino portion at C-5
sparfloxacin
QUINOLONES
main AEs of quinolones
- arrthythmia: torsades de pointes
- CI: ages <18, pregnant or breastfeeding women
- arthopathy, chondrotoxicity
- phototoxicity
NITROFURANS
where should the nitro portion of nitrofurans be attached to have its antimicrobial activity?
C-5
NITROFURANS
- bactericidal
- antiprotozoal, only against G. lamblia
furazolidone
NITROFURANS
- disrupts bacterial enzyme system
- colors the urine brown
- designed using large crystalline form to improve GI tolerance
nitrofurantoin
METHENAMINE AND ITS SALTS
what is the active agent of methenamine?
formaldehyde
METHENAMINE AND ITS SALTS
urease inhibitor used with methenamine
acetohydroxamic acid
METHENAMINE AND ITS SALTS
has the ability to furnish its own acidity thus avoid gastric disturbance
methenamine mandelate
METHENAMINE AND ITS SALTS
- readily absorbed
- concentrated in the urinary bladder
methenamine hippurate
URINARY ANALGESIC
- brick red in color
- has local analgesic effect
- combined with urinary antiseptics
phenazopyridine HCl
ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS
isoniazid is:
* ____ against replicating mo
* ____ against non-replicating mo
- bactericidal
- bacteriostatic
ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS
MOA of isoniazid
- metabolized to isonicotinic acid
- inhibits mycolic acid synthesis
ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS
what is the major metabolite of isoniazid?
N-acetylisoniazid
ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS
AEs of isoniazed:
* in fast acetylators
* in slow acetylators
- hepatotoxicity, hepatitis
- peripheral neuritis
tx for peripheral neuritis: pyridoxine (vit. b6)
ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS
alternative for isoniazid
ethionamide
ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS
active metabolite of pyrazinamide
pyrazinoic acid
ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS
MOA of ethambutol
inhibits arabinosyl transferase
ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS
MOA of p-aminosalicylic acid
inihibits folic acid synthesis
ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS
- treatment of leprosy especially dapsone-resistant forms
- treats skin lesions caused by M. ulcerans
clofazimine
ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS
its adverse effects is the following:
* retrobulbar neuritis
* green-red color blindness
ethambutol
ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS
- binds to DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
- most active agent in clinical use for tuberculosis
- has higher hepatotoxicity with isoniazid
rifampin
ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS
- enzyme inducer
- is an orange to reddish-brown crystalline powder
rifampin
ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS
