Midterm Flashcards
What is the classification system in order?
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum (division)
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
What are the 3 domains?
Eukarya, Bacteria, Archaea
What are the 4 characteristics that define a prokaryote?
DNA not organized in a nucleus
DNA is circular
Lack of membrane bound organelles
Most cell walls contain peptidoglycan
What are the 3 main prokarya cell shapes? And what do they look like?
Coccus (spherical)
Bacillus (rod shaped)
Spirillum (Spiral)
How can you tell if an organism is a cyanobacteria?
Unicellular and generally in a colony
Have chlorophyll but no plastids
Reproduce by binary fission
They are autotrophic
How can you tell the difference between bacteria and cyanobacteria?
Bacteria are unicellular and not in a colony like cyanobacteria, and bacteria is heterotrophic and cyanobacteria are autotrophic
How do you define gleocapsa?
found in colonies surrounded by individual sheaths
How do you define Microcystis?
Found in large colonies with one common sheath and is an indicator for polluted water
How do you define Oscillatoria?
Disk shaped cells which glide back and forth (look like scratches
How do you define spirulina?
Spiral shaped used for herbal medicine and high protein foods
How do you define anabaena?
It is coccus shaped and forms long strands with no sheath
What are the 3 types of cells in anabaena?
Typical anabaena
heterocysts
Akinetes
What are their functions? (typical anabaena, heterocysts, akinetes)
Typical anabaena (just nothing kinda chillin)
Heterocysts (nitrogen fixation)
Akinetes (house spores)
What is the difference between obligate anaerobes and facultative anaerobes?
Obligate (CAN survive and multiply without oxygen)
Facultative anaerobes (CAN survive without oxygen BUT do better WITH oxygen)
What are the 3 Domains
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
What conditions can Obligate anaerobes only survive in?
Can only survive and multiply in the absence of free oxygen
What conditions Facultative anaerobes only survive?
Can survive without oxygen but grow better with oxygen
What are the 3 sexual life cycles?
Zygotic
Gametic
Sporic
Define the zygotic sexual life cycle and what organism typically uses this life cycle
cells are haploid, two cells fuse to fertilize and form gamete which divides to form four haploid cells (spores) (Fungus and most algae)
Define the gametic sexual life cycle and what organism typically uses this life cycle
cells are diploid, some go through meiosis to produce haploid gametes (Some algae)
Define the sporic sexual life cycle and what organism typically uses this life cycle
(alternation of generations) - alternates between diploid and haploid cells (Plants)
what is the fungi kingdom suffix?
mycota
What is the protista kingdom suffix?
phyta
What are some Fungi Characteristics?
-All are heterotrophic
*Parasites (feed on living matter) *Saprobes (feed on non-living matter)
-Chitin Cell Walls -Absorptive Nutrition -Important Decomposers -Most use spores to reproduce
What are some protista characteristics?
*Eukaryotes *Simple/primitive, yet very adaptable *Can be heterotrophic and/or autotrophic *Asexual and Sexual reproduction present *Do not have a Sterile Jacket
How do you define Zygomycota?
-reproduce asexually by sporangia and sexually by zygospores (bread molds
How do you define Ascomycota?
-sexually reproduce with a fruiting body that contains asci which contain 8 ascospores (Sac fungi, yeasts, Penicillium)
How do you define Basidiomycota?
-Reproduce using basidioma (basiocarp) which form basidia and basidiospores (mushrooms, toadstools)
How do you define Deuteromycota?
(Fungi
Imperfecta)- Do not fit into the established taxonomic classifications. Only their asexual form of reproduction is known.
How do you define Euglenophyta?
Euglenoids
-Use pellicle for structure instead of cell wall, most are
autotrophic
How do you define Pyrrophyta?
Dinoflagellates - red tides correlates with farm and urban pollution
How do you define Chrysophyta?
-Golden-brown algae, diatoms
*Diatoms have silica cell walls which overlap
How do you define Phaeophyta?
-Brown Algae such as kelp
-Specializations
*Holdfast, stipe, blade
How do you define Rhodophyta?
-Red Algae
*Agar
How do you define Lichens?
Symbiotic relationship between a cyanobacterium (blue-green algae) or chlorophyta (green algae)
and a fungus (often ascomycete)
How do you define Chlorophyta?
-Green Algae such as
*Volvox
*Ulva (sea lettuce)
*Spirogyra
Which of the following is the correct order for the classification system, starting with the broadest group?
a. Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Order, Class, Family, Genus, Species
b. Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Family, Order, Genus, Species
c. Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
d. Domain, Kingdom, Family, Class, Order, Phylum, Genus, Species
c. Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic of prokaryotes?
a. DNA is circular
b. Cell wall made out of cellulose
c. Lack membrane bound organelles
d. DNA contained in a nucleoid region (not a nucleus)
b. Cell wall made out of cellulose
What is the domain for organisms in the genus Oscillatoria?
a. Bacteria
b. Cyanobacteria
c. Archaea
d. Eukarya
a. Bacteria
What is the function of the heterocysts found within a colony of Anabaena sp.?
a. House the spores
b. Photosynthesis
c. Has no function
d. Nitrogen fixation
d. Nitrogen fixation
What is the definition of an obligate anaerobe?
a. Can only survive in the presence of free oxygen
b. Can survive with oxygen but does better without oxygen
c. Can survive without oxygen but does better with oxygen
d. Can only survive in the absence of free oxygen
d. Can only survive in the absence of free oxygen
What is the definition of a facultative anaerobe?
a. Can only survive in the presence of free oxygen
b. Can survive with oxygen but does better without oxygen
c. Can survive without oxygen but does better with oxygen
d. Can only survive in the absence of free oxygen
c. Can survive without oxygen but does better with oxygen
Which domain does the organism pictured belong to? (LOOK AT PICTURE HELP #1 IN NOTES)
a. Bacteria
b. Cyanobacteria
c. Archaea
d. Eukarya
a. Bacteria
What is the genus name for the organism pictured? (LOOK AT PICTURE HELP #2 IN NOTES)
a. Spirulina
b. Microcystis
c. Anabaena
d. Gloeocapsa
b. Microcystis
What are the three main prokaryotic shapes?
a. Coccus, spirillum, bacillus
b. Coccus, discus, bacillus
c. Spirochete, bacillus, discus
d. Spirochete, coccus, spirillum
a. Coccus, spirillum, bacillus
Which structure is indicated by the “A”? (LOOK AT PICTURE HELP #3) What is B? (extra credit)
a. Typical anabaena
b. Akinete
c. Typical oscillatoria
d. Heterocyst
d. Heterocyst
(extra credit is akinetes)
Matching: match the following root words with the meaning
WORD BANK TO CHOOSE FROM
LINK, SAC, SLIME, CLUB, BROWN, RED
Zygo
Asco
Myx
Basidio
Phaeo
Rhodo
Zygo= link
Asco= sac
Myx= slime
Basidio= club
Phaeo= brown
Rhodo=red
Lichens are a symbiotic relationship between…
a. cyanobacteria OR green-algae AND a fungus
b. green-algae AND cyanobacteria OR a fungus
c. cyanobacteria OR a fungus OR green-algae
d. green-algae AND cyanobacteria
a. cyanobacteria OR green-algae AND a fungus
Ceratium are responsible for red tides due to farm and urban pollution. Which Phylum does Ceratium belong to?
a. Rhodophyta
b. Phaeophyta
c. Dinophyta
d. Bacillariophyta
c. Dinophyta
Slime mold belongs to which Kingdom?
a. Fungi
b. “Protista”
c. Eukarya
d. Myxomycota
b. “Protista”
The definition of a saprobe is…
a. an autotroph that feeds on living matter
b. an autotroph that feeds on non-living matter
c. a heterotroph that feeds on living matter
d. a heterotroph that feeds on non-living matter
d. a heterotroph that feeds on non-living matter
Yeast and Penicillium belong to which Phylum?
a. Ascomycota
b. Basidiomycota
c. Zygomycota
d. Deuteromycota
a. Ascomycota
Volvox, Ulva, and Spirogyra belong to the Kingdom __________ and Phylum __________.
a. Fungi, Chlorophyta
b. Fungi, Bacillariophyta
c. “Protista”, Chlorophyta
d. “Protista”, Phaeophyta
c. “Protista”, Chlorophyta
Fungi and most algae exhibit which type of sexual life cycle?
a. Zygotic
b. Gametic
c. Sporic
d. Mitotic
a. Zygotic
what is Bryophyta?
Moss, liverworts, hornworts
-Simple, relatively small -Lack a vascular system
*Moist areas *Usually close to the ground
-Use water for reproduction
*Sperm swim to eggs
In bryophytes which is haploid and which is diploid?
sporophyte
Gametophyte
sporophyte (diploid)
Gametophyte (haploid)
What is the predominant stage in Bryophyta?
gametophyte phase
What does Archegonium and Antheridium contain?
Archegonium contains egg
Antheridium contains sperm
What are the two vascular tissues? What nutrients do they carry/push? And what direction do they push their nutrients to?
Xylem carry water and minerals UP
Phloem carry organic compounds DOWN
In monilophytes which is haploid and which is diploid?
sporophyte
Gametophyte
sporophyte (haploid)
Gametophyte (diploid)
What is the predominant stage in Monilophytes?
Sporophyte
What helps monilophytes with reproduction? (they are under their leaves)
Sori or sorus
Which region of the plant is responsible for the plants height?
Lateral Meristem
Apical Meristem
Xylem
Phloem
Apical Meristem
Which cell type is short-lived with a thick cell wall?
Vascular tissue
Ground tissue
Collenchyma
Sclerenchyma
Sclerenchyma
What are the three tissue types called?
Parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma
Shoots, leaves, roots
Dermal, vascular, ground
Blade, petiole, primordium
Dermal, vascular, ground
The picture displayed belongs to which type of plant? (look at study question #4 in notes)
Woody dicot
Non-woody dicot
Monocot
Woody monocot
Woody dicot
Which structure is indicated by the arrow? (look at study question #5)
Xylem
Phloem
Axillary buds
Shoot apical meristem
Shoot apical meristem
Which structure is indicated by the arrow? (look at #6 study questions)
Xylem
Phloem
Pith
Cortex
Phloem
Which types of cells are indicated by the arrow?(look at #7 study questions)
Xylem
Phloem
Palisade
Spongy
Palisade
Which structure is indicated by the arrow? (look at #8 study questions)
Xylem
Phloem
Pith
Cortex
Xylem
Which structure is indicated by the arrow? (look at #9 study questions)
Xylem
Phloem
Root cap
Root apical meristem
Root cap
Which structure is indicated by the arrow? (look at #10 study questions)
Xylem
Phloem
Cortex
Pith
Pith
label the flower (link in the answer if not in another tab already)
https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/labelling_interactives/15-label-the-flower-parts
What are the different parts of the peach? (look at #11 study question)
A exocarp
B mesocarp
C Seed
D Endocarp
Which of the following terms refers to a dry fruit that does NOT split open when ripe?
Indehiscent
Dehiscent
Aggregate
Multiple
Indehiscent
What is the name for the male part of the flower?
Carpel
pistil
stamen
stigma
stamen
Which structure of the female part of the flower ripens to become the fruit?
Egg
Ovule
Style
Ovary
Ovary
Which fruit type is derived from numerous ovaries but only a single flower?
Drupe
Pome
Multiple
Aggregate
Aggregate
Which layer of the fruit is indicated by the arrow? (look a pic #12)
Pericarp
Mesocarp
Exocarp
Endocarp
Mesocarp
What is the name of the structure indicated by the arrow? (look a pic #13)
Stigma
Style
Calyx
Peduncle
Peduncle
What part of the flower contains the male reproductive parts?
Anther
What part of the flower holds the anther?
The filament
What part of the flower receives the pollen during fertilization?
stigma
What part of the flower is the tube on top of the ovary?
style
What part of the flower is the female reproductive organ/
ovary
What part of the flower will become the seed when the flower fertilizes the pollen?
the ovule
What part of the flower contains all the male parts? (think broader contains multiple parts)?
The stamen
What part of the flower contains all the female parts? (think broader contains multiple parts)?
carpel (pistils)
What are simple fruits formed by?
formed by one single ovary
What do aggregate fruits have?
they have numerous ovaries on one single flower
What do multiple fruits have?
several ovaries on several flowers
