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FINAL Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the characteristics of protozoans?

A

– Heterotrophic
– Single celled organisms
– Functional organelles in place of organs and tissues

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2
Q

What are the groups that are under the kingdom Protozoans?

A

Excavata, alveolates (Ciliates, Apicomplexans)
rhizarians, unikonta

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3
Q

What is the organism in the group excavata?

A

Trypanosoma

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4
Q

What does trypanosoma cause? And where it is located?

A

African sleeping sickness, and is located in the blood of vertebrates

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5
Q

What are some key characteristics of alveolata ciliates?

A

They move by cilia and are complex with two nuclei

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6
Q

What is the organism in the group alveolata ciliates?

A

Paramecium

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7
Q

Do the paramecium quiz

https://www.purposegames.com/game/paramecium-labeling

A
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8
Q

What are the characteristics for Aveolata apicomplexans? What species is highlighted in this group?

A

All members are parasitic, they cannot move, plasmodium is the species highlighted

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9
Q

What does plasmodium cause?

A

Malaria in humans

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10
Q

what species do rhizarians contain? and what are they made out of?

A

The species is radiolarians and they have skeletons made of silica

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11
Q

What are some characteristics of unikonta tubulinids?

A
  • Movement by pseudopod
  • Commonly found in freshwater ponds and
    streams
  • Reproduce by
    binary fission
  • Obtain food
    by phagocytosis
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12
Q

What kind of organisms does the phylum porifera contains?

A

sponges

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13
Q

What kind of organisms does the phylum cnidaria contains?

A

Cnidarians

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14
Q

How can you tell if a sponge is in the class calcarea?

A

Small, slender sponge.
Rarely exceeding one
inch in height.
* Found in shallow marine
water
* Reproduction is both
sexual and asexual

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15
Q

How can you tell if a sponge is in the class Demospongiae?

A

If they are common bath sponges or fresh water sponges

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16
Q

What are some characteristics of the phylum Cnidaria?

A

– Radial symmetry
– Digestive cavity
– Some muscle fibers
– Stinging cells – cnidocytes

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17
Q

What two forms are in the phylum cnidaria?

A

Poly and medusa

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18
Q

How can you tell if an organism is in the class anthozoa?

A

It is only in the polyp form and they are anemones or corals

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19
Q

What forms can organisms form in the class hydroza?

A

Polyp and medusa forms

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20
Q

What species are in the class hydrozoa?

A

Hydra (Polyp)
– Portuguese Man-Of-War (siphonophore)

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21
Q

What form is predominant in the class scyphozoa? And what is the most common member in this class?

A

The medusa form and the most common member is the jellyfish

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22
Q

Describe the body plan for acoelomates?

A

Lack a body cavity between the digestive
tract and outer body wall
* Tripoblastic (body tissue developed from
three embryonic germ layers)
* Bilateral symmetry
* Lack specialized organ systems for
transporting nutrients and oxygen to
internal organs

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23
Q

What are the defining characteristics of the phylum plathelminthes?

A

Dorsoventrally flattened body
(flatworms)
* Bilateral symmetry with dorsal and
ventral surfaces
* Distinct anterior and posterior
ends
* Most primitive of bilateral animals
* Well developed- nervous,
excretory, muscular, digestive, and
reproductive systems

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24
Q

What are the three classes in the phylum plathelminthes?

A
  • Three classes: Turbellaria,
    Trematoda, and Cestoda
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25
Q

Label the planarian quiz

https://www.purposegames.com/game/planarian-to-label

A
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26
Q

What organism are in the class turbellaria?

A

Planarians

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27
Q

What class are flukes apart of and what do they do?

A

Class trematoda, and they are Internal parasites of vertebrates
* Thick integument- resistant to
hosts enzymes
* One or more ventral suckers
– Used to attach fluke to host
* Large portion of body occupied
by reproductive organs and a bi-
branched intestine

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28
Q

LABEL THE FLUKE QUIZ

https://www.purposegames.com/game/fluke

A
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29
Q

What are the characteristics of the Chinese liver fluke?

A
  • Life cycle requires two hosts
  • Adult fluke ~15mm long
  • Lives in the bile ducts of the human
    liver
  • Hermaphroditic – capable of self-
    fertilization
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30
Q

What are the characteristics of the Sheep liver fluke?

A
  • Commonly infects sheep and
    cattle
  • Can also infect humans
    – Human infestation common in Asia
  • Adult fluke ~15-50mm long
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31
Q

What are the characteristics of the blood liver fluke?

A

Inhabit blood vessels
near intestines of
humans and other
vertebrates
* Long and slender
* Separate sexes

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32
Q

What organisms are in the class cestoda?

A

Tapeworms

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33
Q

Describe the body plans of Pseudocoelomates

A
  • Fluid-filled cavity called the pseudocoelom
    – A primitive cavity found in the embryo and persists in
    adults
  • Complete digestive tract
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34
Q

What organisms are in the phylum nematoda?

A

Roundworms, hook worms

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35
Q

What does trichinella spiralis cause in humans?

A

Trichinosis in humans

36
Q

What classes are in the phylum Mollusca?

A

– Class Bivalvia
– Class Polyplacophora
– Class Gastropoda
– Class Cephalopoda

37
Q

What classes and subclasses are in the phylum annelida?

A

– Class Polychaeta
– Class Clitellata
* Subclass Oligochaeta
* Subclass Hirudinae

38
Q

What are the characteristics of the phylum mollusca?

A

Soft-bodied animals that may
have an internal or external
shell
* Bilaterally symmetrical
* Have three main body regions

39
Q

What are the three body regions in the phylum mollusca? and what do they do?

A

– Foot – means of locomotion
– Visceral mass – contains
excretory, digestive and
circulatory organs
– Mantle – specialized tissue that
secretes the shell

40
Q

What organisms are in the class bivalvia?

A

Mussels, clams, scallops, oysters

41
Q

What are some characteristics of the class polyplacophora?

A
  • Primitive marine
    organisms
  • Shell composed of eight
    overlapping plates
  • Muscular foot on
    ventral side
42
Q

What organisms are in the class polyplacophora?

A

Chitons

43
Q

What organisms are in the class gastropoda?

A

Snail, slugs, and nudibranchs

44
Q

What is the scraping structure in the mouth of a snail called?

A

The radula

45
Q

What organisms are in the class cephalopoda?

A

Squids, octopuses, cuttlefish?

46
Q

What are the characteristics of the phylum annelida?

A

Phylum Annelida
* Segmented worms
– earthworms and leeches
* Have a true body cavity
(coelom)

47
Q

What organisms are in the class polychaeta?

A
  • Polychaete worms, “sea
    mouse”, feather dusters
  • Thousands per square
    meter, often overlooked
48
Q

What are the organisms is in the subclass oligocaeta?

A

Earthworms

49
Q

What subclasses are a part of the class clitellata?

A

subclass oligocaeta, Subclass Hirudinea

50
Q

What organism is part of the subclass Hirudinea?

A

Leeches

51
Q

What classes are in the phylum Chelicerates?

A

Merostomata & Arachnida

52
Q

What are the characteristics of the phylum Chelicerates?

A
  • Primarily terrestrial
  • Have two regions
    – Head and thorax fused (cephalothorax)
    – Abdomen
  • Six pairs of appendages
    – First pair are called chelicerae (pincers or jaws)
    – If first pair are pincers the next five pairs are for
    walking, if first pair are jaws second are for
    grabbing or holding (pedipalps)
53
Q

What organism are in the class merostomata? What are the characteristics of the Organism?

A

HORSESHOE CRAB

  • Two body regions
    – Horseshoe shaped
    carapace
    – Abdominal shield
    – Telson (tail spine)
  • Used to right the body
    when overturned, and to
    push forward off the
    ocean floor
  • Most closely related to
    spiders
54
Q

What organisms are in the class arachnida?

A

Spiders, scorpions, mites, ticks

55
Q

What are the differences between the two classes Chilopoda and Diplopoda?

A

Class Chilopoda
(Centipedes)
– Predatory
– Venomous
– 1 pair/segment

lass Diplopoda
(Millipedes)
- Feed on detritus
- Live under leaves, logs & rocks
- 2 pair/segment
- protection

56
Q

What are the characteristics of the class Hexapoda and what organism is in this class?

A

INSECTS

Three body regions
– head
– thorax
– abdomen)
* Antennae
* Three pair of legs
* One or two pair of wings (some modified)

57
Q

What organisms are in the class Crustacea?

A

Lobsters, crabs, shrimp, crayfish

58
Q

What are the characteristics of the phylum Echinodermata?

A

Marine, bottom-dwelling
animals
– Starfish, sea urchins, sand
dollars, and sea
cucumbers
* Most are radially
symmetrical
* Deuterostomes
* Have a true coelom
– Thought to be closely
related to chordates

59
Q

What organisms are in the class Asteroidea?

A

Star fish and brittlestars

60
Q

LABEL THE WATER VASCULAR SYSTEM OF THE STARFISH

https://www.purposegames.com/game/starfish-sea-star-water-vascular-system-game

A
61
Q

What organisms are in the class Echinoidea?

A

Sea urchins and sand dollars

62
Q

What organisms are in the class holothuroidea?

A

Sea cucumbers

63
Q

What classes are in the phylum Chelicerates?

A
  • Class Merostomata
  • Class Arachnida
64
Q

What classes are in the phylum Myriapods?

A

Class Chilopoda
* Class Diplopoda

65
Q

What classes are in the phylum Pancrustaceans?

A

Class Hexapoda
* Class Crustacea

66
Q

What classes are in the phylum Echinodermata?

A
  • Class Asteroidea
  • Class Echinoidea
  • Class Holothuroidea
67
Q

What are the subphylum in the phylum Chordata?

A

– Subphylum Urochordata
– Subphylum Cephalochordata
– Subphylum Vertebrata

68
Q

What are the big four characteristics that are for the phylum chordata?

A

– Notochord
– Pharyngeal gill slits
– Dorsal hollow nerve chord
– Post anal tail

69
Q

what organism are in the subphylum Urochordata?

A

TUNICATES
* Chordate characteristics are present in
larval stage
* Marine organisms covered by a tunic

70
Q

what organism are in the subphylum Cephalochordata? (With some characteristics)

A

AMPHIOXUS OR LANCELET

  • Marine fishlike animal
  • Small- 7 cm (2.8in)
    maximum length
  • Shallow waters
  • 22 species
  • Burrows in the sand with
    anterior end sticking out
71
Q

What are the characteristics of the subphylum Vertebrata?

A
  • Largest most diverse
    group of chordates
  • Have an
    endoskeleton with a
    backbone
    – Vertebrae develop
    and notochord
    becomes disks
  • Have a cranium to
    protect the brain
72
Q

what organisms are in this class agnatha?

A

HAGFISH AND LAMPREY

  • Jawless fish
  • Vertebrae made of cartilage
  • Hagfish are marine
  • Lampreys marine and freshwaters
73
Q

What organisms are in this class Chondrichthyes?

A

SHARKS, SKATES, RAYS
* Cartilage instead of ossified bones
* Skin has small pointed scales
– Dentine plates covered by enamel
(similar to vertebrate teeth)

74
Q

What organisms are in this class Osteichthyes?

A

BONY FISH
* Skeleton is made of bone
* Dermal scales cover the skin
* Gills are covered by an
operculum
* Have a lateral line to sense
movement in the water (also
found on sharks)

75
Q

What organisms are in this class Amphibia?

A

FRONGS<,TOADS, SALAMANDERS

  • Amphibious means dual life
    – Live on land and in the water
    – Were the first vertebrates on land
    – Are evolutionary link between fish and reptiles
76
Q

What are the characteristics of the class Reptilia?

A
  • Adaptations for staying on the
    land
    – Scales
    – Protective covering for eggs
  • Keeps predators out and moisture in
    – Limbs modified for rapid
    movement on land
  • Ectothermic
    – Temperature comes from outside
77
Q

What are the characteristics of the class Aves?

A
  • Have feathers and are capable of
    flight
  • Evolved from reptiles
    – Fossil evidence of young dinosaurs
    having feathers
    – Bone structure is similar in some
    reptiles and birds
    – Some extinct birds had reptilian
    teeth, tails, and claws
78
Q

How is the yolk of the sea urchin distrbuted?

A

Distributed evenly

79
Q

What happens in the blastula phase in a sea urchin, and frog?

A

The blastocoel forms

80
Q

What is formed during the gastrula phase in sea urchins that is super important?

A

The three germ layers. (mesoderm, endoderm, exoderm)

81
Q

What does the ectoderm layer form in the gastrula phase?

A

skin, sense organs and nervous
system

82
Q

What does the mesoderm layer form in the gastrula phase?

A

muscles, skeletal elements and
blood

83
Q

What does the endoderm layer form in the gastrula phase?

A

digestive system

84
Q

What happens during neuralation?

A

It forms the neural tube

85
Q

How is the yolk of the frogs distributed?

A

Unevenly

86
Q

LOOK AT PICTURES THAT ARE LABELED FOR THE CHICKEN, SEA URCHIN, AND FROG IN THE SLIDES

A

Biology Lab (3 decks)

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