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Social studies > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Latitude

A

measures North and South

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2
Q

Longitude

A

measures East and West

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3
Q

Absolute Location

A

A places exact spot on earth

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4
Q

Relative Location

A

In relation to another place ( US is south of Canada )

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5
Q

Columbian Exchange

A

exchange between diseases, ideas, food, crops, and populations between the New world and the Old world

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6
Q

Militia

A

group of citizen soldiers (mass minutemen)

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7
Q

Treason

A

Betraying ones country (Benedict Arnold)

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8
Q

Patriots

A

those who favored american independence

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9
Q

Mercantilism

A

Britain enforced that there would be more sold and less bought, limited wealth, and all colonies must serve the mother country.

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10
Q

Boycott

A

refusing to buy british goods

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11
Q

Smuggling

A

way around the mercantilist system

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12
Q

Amendment

A

A law in the Bill of rights (there are 10 of them)

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13
Q

U.S. Constitution

A

a document that lists the power of the U.S. government

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14
Q

Bill of rights

A

the first ten amendments of the constitution

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15
Q

republic

A

laws are made by representatives chosen by the people

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16
Q

democracy

A

laws are made directly by the voting majority

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17
Q

which type of government best describes the US?

A

republic

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18
Q

limited government

A

government has less control over what individuals and businesses can and cannot do

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19
Q

unlimited government

A

Government has complete control over individuals and businesses can and cannot do

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20
Q

the US is a limited or unlimited government?

A

limited

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21
Q

federalism

A

the division of power between among the national and state governments

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22
Q

capitalism

A

Free enterprise, private property (businesses are not controlled by the government)

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23
Q

socialism/communism

A

Businesses and properties are controlled by the government

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24
Q

Human-environment interaction

A

How humans have affected the environment

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25
Q

Place

A

Physical and human characteristics of a location

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26
Q

location

A

Absolute and relative (vocab)

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27
Q

movement

A

The transfer of goods, people or ideas from one location to another

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28
Q

region

A

A group of locations that share the same characteristics (place)

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29
Q

5 fields of social studies

A

Culture, Economics, geography, government, and history

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30
Q

Henry Hudson

A

English man sailed for Netherlands and looked for northwest passage to asia(did not exist)

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31
Q

Hernando Cortez

A

conquered aztecs

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32
Q

Spanish Armada

A

spanish fleet sent to invade england (navy)

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33
Q

Bartolomé de Las Casas

A

Spanish priest convinced King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella to treat native americans better and to not use them as slaves.

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34
Q

Treaty of Tordesillas

A

An agreement between Spain and Portugal organized (or brokered) by the pope which divided land in the new world.

35
Q

Aztecs

A

thrived in 1300-1500 an ancient civilization which is now Mexico City- conquered by the Spanish explorer Cortez.

36
Q

Muslims

A

followers of the Islam religion

37
Q

Inca

A

a tribe of South American Indians

38
Q

Reformation

A

rebirth of learning and culture

39
Q

Catholics

A

Followers of the pope

40
Q

Protestants

A

People who did not follow the pope and believe that divorce should be accepted.

41
Q

Amerigo Vespucci

A

Italian explorer sailing for Portugal who discovered a new continent realizing it was not Asia. (where south america and america get their names)

42
Q

Francisco Pizarro

A

Chose to pursue fortune and adventure in the New World (Peru) where he conquered the Incas

43
Q

Ferdinand Magellan

A

Portuguese explorer who found the Strait of Magellan while leading an expedition to circle the entire world 1519-1522

44
Q

5 different time periods during the western civilization

A

Golden Age, Roman Empire, Middle Ages, Renaissance, Enlightenment ( good romans must read everyday )

45
Q

What are the 3 Gs that motivated Europeans to explore the world?
Answer

A

Gold, God, and glory

46
Q

How did Marco Polo encourage later Europeans to explore? What role did the printing press play in this exploration?

A

MP wrote a book of his travels in Asia and the gold, riches, and rare spices he found causing other Europeans to want to find them. The printing press allowed for information to be communicated faster and to reach more people about the exploration.

47
Q

Why did most Native American tribes (Amerindians) ultimately get defeated and conquered by the later-arriving Europeans?

A

Reason 1: Disease killed 80% of the Native American tribes. Reason 2: Europeans had domesticated animals. Reason 3: Europeans had more advanced weapons.

48
Q

Parliament

A

English law making group

49
Q

Indentured servant

A

Person who works like a slave to pay off debt and passage to the New World

50
Q

Apprentice

A

person learning from another skilled person who specializes in that material

51
Q

Artisan

A

skilled craftsman

52
Q

Cash crop

A

Crop sold for money, not for food

53
Q

John Smith

A

He was saved by pocahontas & was a great leader who helped Jamestown survive

54
Q

John Locke

A

He was an important English philosopher who believed all humans had natural rights. (life, liberty, and property)

55
Q

Pilgrims

A

People who were separate from church of england (pilgrims were 1st)

56
Q

Puritans

A

People who wanted to purify the church of england (puritans were 10 yrs later)

57
Q

Ben Franklin

A

He was a writer, scientist, and inventor (wrote poor Richard’s Almanac)

58
Q

Roger Williams

A

He started rhode island for religious freedom, believed in church separate from government

59
Q

William Penn

A

He was a quaker, and founded pennsylvania for religious freedom

60
Q

Quakers

A

People who believed in equality over God, were pacifists (didn’t believe in violence)

61
Q

Elizabeth I

A

She was the daughter of henry VIII who made england permanently protestant (virginia was named after her because she was the virgin queen)

62
Q

Charles I

A

He forced the great migration of puritans and his head was chopped off by Cromwell to end the civil war

63
Q

James II

A

He was the duke of york and overthrown in glorious revolution 1685-168

64
Q

Oliver Cromwell

A

He won english civil war and puritan dictator

65
Q

Plymouth

A

Co-ed, made to colonize, friends with indians, communist- then acknowledged private property, Puritan/pilgrims, northern

66
Q

Jamestown

A

made of men, made to dig for gold, battled with Indians, had a local council, Anglican, southern, John Smith!!!

67
Q

Loyalists

A

colonists who followed the british king

68
Q

Propaganda

A

fake news and biased information and designed to prove a reaction

69
Q

George Washington

A

Commander of all forces during all the revolution wars was chased out by William Howe

70
Q

Thomas Jefferson

A

Primary writer of the declaration of independence

71
Q

John Adams

A

Was in the committee for writing declaration of independence and was the lawyer for the redcoats during the Boston Massacre ( stood up for them )

72
Q

Samuel Adams

A

Was a signer of declaration of independence (founding father), started sons of liberty (firebrand)

73
Q

Patrick Henry

A

Gave famous speech against stamp act to virginia’s house of burgesses (founding father) “give me liberty or death”
(firebrand)

74
Q

Thomas Paine

A

Wrote Common Sense book and was born in England (founding father)

75
Q

King George III

A

Refused the Olive Branch petition

76
Q

Paul Revere

A

Midnight ride to warn the Americans that the british were coming and created a picture of the Boston Massacre, and example of propaganda

77
Q

John Hancock

A

First signer of the declaration of independence, possibly the richest man in massachusetts who helped finance the revolution

78
Q

Benjamin Banneker

A

Self taught african-american who wrote to Thomas Jefferson, and producer of an almanac he sent

79
Q

Why was the Battle of Saratoga so important?

A

It was the turning point of the war and it brought France to the war on the American side.

80
Q

What did the Magna Carta do?

A

It limited the monarch’s power over the people.

81
Q

Who won the Battle of Breeds (Bunker) Hill? Which side suffered the most casualties?

A

This was British victory but the British had 2x the casualties (lost more than 1,000 men)

82
Q

Explain why the Printing press is the greatest invention in history

A

made it so more could have books, printed lots of bibles, more could read for cheaper.

83
Q

Explain why marco polo’s journal was the most important event in history

A

Inspired others to travel to see the world, find new golds and wealth

84
Q

Explain why poor richard’s almanac was the most important book in history.

A

showed weather, date, astrology, recipes, and most important, the quotes.

Social studies (8 decks)

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