Midterm Flashcards
Latitude
measures North and South
Longitude
measures East and West
Absolute Location
A places exact spot on earth
Relative Location
In relation to another place ( US is south of Canada )
Columbian Exchange
exchange between diseases, ideas, food, crops, and populations between the New world and the Old world
Militia
group of citizen soldiers (mass minutemen)
Treason
Betraying ones country (Benedict Arnold)
Patriots
those who favored american independence
Mercantilism
Britain enforced that there would be more sold and less bought, limited wealth, and all colonies must serve the mother country.
Boycott
refusing to buy british goods
Smuggling
way around the mercantilist system
Amendment
A law in the Bill of rights (there are 10 of them)
U.S. Constitution
a document that lists the power of the U.S. government
Bill of rights
the first ten amendments of the constitution
republic
laws are made by representatives chosen by the people
democracy
laws are made directly by the voting majority
which type of government best describes the US?
republic
limited government
government has less control over what individuals and businesses can and cannot do
unlimited government
Government has complete control over individuals and businesses can and cannot do
the US is a limited or unlimited government?
limited
federalism
the division of power between among the national and state governments
capitalism
Free enterprise, private property (businesses are not controlled by the government)
socialism/communism
Businesses and properties are controlled by the government
Human-environment interaction
How humans have affected the environment
Place
Physical and human characteristics of a location
location
Absolute and relative (vocab)
movement
The transfer of goods, people or ideas from one location to another
region
A group of locations that share the same characteristics (place)
5 fields of social studies
Culture, Economics, geography, government, and history
Henry Hudson
English man sailed for Netherlands and looked for northwest passage to asia(did not exist)
Hernando Cortez
conquered aztecs
Spanish Armada
spanish fleet sent to invade england (navy)
Bartolomé de Las Casas
Spanish priest convinced King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella to treat native americans better and to not use them as slaves.
Treaty of Tordesillas
An agreement between Spain and Portugal organized (or brokered) by the pope which divided land in the new world.
Aztecs
thrived in 1300-1500 an ancient civilization which is now Mexico City- conquered by the Spanish explorer Cortez.
Muslims
followers of the Islam religion
Inca
a tribe of South American Indians
Reformation
rebirth of learning and culture
Catholics
Followers of the pope
Protestants
People who did not follow the pope and believe that divorce should be accepted.
Amerigo Vespucci
Italian explorer sailing for Portugal who discovered a new continent realizing it was not Asia. (where south america and america get their names)
Francisco Pizarro
Chose to pursue fortune and adventure in the New World (Peru) where he conquered the Incas
Ferdinand Magellan
Portuguese explorer who found the Strait of Magellan while leading an expedition to circle the entire world 1519-1522
5 different time periods during the western civilization
Golden Age, Roman Empire, Middle Ages, Renaissance, Enlightenment ( good romans must read everyday )
What are the 3 Gs that motivated Europeans to explore the world?
Answer
Gold, God, and glory
How did Marco Polo encourage later Europeans to explore? What role did the printing press play in this exploration?
MP wrote a book of his travels in Asia and the gold, riches, and rare spices he found causing other Europeans to want to find them. The printing press allowed for information to be communicated faster and to reach more people about the exploration.
Why did most Native American tribes (Amerindians) ultimately get defeated and conquered by the later-arriving Europeans?
Reason 1: Disease killed 80% of the Native American tribes. Reason 2: Europeans had domesticated animals. Reason 3: Europeans had more advanced weapons.
Parliament
English law making group
Indentured servant
Person who works like a slave to pay off debt and passage to the New World
Apprentice
person learning from another skilled person who specializes in that material
Artisan
skilled craftsman
Cash crop
Crop sold for money, not for food
John Smith
He was saved by pocahontas & was a great leader who helped Jamestown survive
John Locke
He was an important English philosopher who believed all humans had natural rights. (life, liberty, and property)
Pilgrims
People who were separate from church of england (pilgrims were 1st)
Puritans
People who wanted to purify the church of england (puritans were 10 yrs later)
Ben Franklin
He was a writer, scientist, and inventor (wrote poor Richard’s Almanac)
Roger Williams
He started rhode island for religious freedom, believed in church separate from government
William Penn
He was a quaker, and founded pennsylvania for religious freedom
Quakers
People who believed in equality over God, were pacifists (didn’t believe in violence)
Elizabeth I
She was the daughter of henry VIII who made england permanently protestant (virginia was named after her because she was the virgin queen)
Charles I
He forced the great migration of puritans and his head was chopped off by Cromwell to end the civil war
James II
He was the duke of york and overthrown in glorious revolution 1685-168
Oliver Cromwell
He won english civil war and puritan dictator
Plymouth
Co-ed, made to colonize, friends with indians, communist- then acknowledged private property, Puritan/pilgrims, northern
Jamestown
made of men, made to dig for gold, battled with Indians, had a local council, Anglican, southern, John Smith!!!
Loyalists
colonists who followed the british king
Propaganda
fake news and biased information and designed to prove a reaction
George Washington
Commander of all forces during all the revolution wars was chased out by William Howe
Thomas Jefferson
Primary writer of the declaration of independence
John Adams
Was in the committee for writing declaration of independence and was the lawyer for the redcoats during the Boston Massacre ( stood up for them )
Samuel Adams
Was a signer of declaration of independence (founding father), started sons of liberty (firebrand)
Patrick Henry
Gave famous speech against stamp act to virginia’s house of burgesses (founding father) “give me liberty or death”
(firebrand)
Thomas Paine
Wrote Common Sense book and was born in England (founding father)
King George III
Refused the Olive Branch petition
Paul Revere
Midnight ride to warn the Americans that the british were coming and created a picture of the Boston Massacre, and example of propaganda
John Hancock
First signer of the declaration of independence, possibly the richest man in massachusetts who helped finance the revolution
Benjamin Banneker
Self taught african-american who wrote to Thomas Jefferson, and producer of an almanac he sent
Why was the Battle of Saratoga so important?
It was the turning point of the war and it brought France to the war on the American side.
What did the Magna Carta do?
It limited the monarch’s power over the people.
Who won the Battle of Breeds (Bunker) Hill? Which side suffered the most casualties?
This was British victory but the British had 2x the casualties (lost more than 1,000 men)
Explain why the Printing press is the greatest invention in history
made it so more could have books, printed lots of bibles, more could read for cheaper.
Explain why marco polo’s journal was the most important event in history
Inspired others to travel to see the world, find new golds and wealth
Explain why poor richard’s almanac was the most important book in history.
showed weather, date, astrology, recipes, and most important, the quotes.
