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N212:older adults > midterm > Flashcards

midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Dispositions & Attitudes

A
  • Critical appraisal
  • Curiosity and inquiry
  • Open-mindedness
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2
Q

BCCNM Professional Standards

Knowledge-based practice: clinical practice

  1. Find. Interpret. Appraise.
A
  1. Bases practice on current evidence from nursing science
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3
Q

BCCNM Professional Standards

Knowledge-based practice: clinical practice

  1. Finding
A
  1. Knows how and where to access information to support the provision of safe, competent ethical care
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4
Q

BCCNM Professional Standards

Knowledge-based practice: clinical practice

  1. Critically Appraising
A
  1. Uses critical thinking when collecting and interpreting data, planning, implementing, and evaluating nursing care
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5
Q

BCCNM Professional Standards

Knowledge-based practice: clinical practice

  1. related to #1
A
  1. Shares nursing knowledge with clients, colleagues, students and others
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6
Q

Sources of Knowledge

A

Primary research literature

Systematic reviews

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7
Q

Evidenced informed decision-making PROCESS

A

Define
Search

Appraise
Synthesize

Adapt
Implement
Evaluate

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8
Q

Evidence-based practice EBP

consists of 3 things:

A 
Clinical expertise
 \+
Best research evidence 
\+
Patient values and preferences
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9
Q

def: Define

A

need to define a searchable clinical question using PICO from a clinical practice problem

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10
Q

PICO

A

Population
Intervention/factors/treatment
Comparison (can be none)
Outcomes

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11
Q

6S pyramid

A 
Systems
Summaries
Synopses of syntheses
Syntheses
Synopses of single studies
Studies
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12
Q

What is the 6S pyramid for?

A

The 6S pyramid is a guide for finding the best available research evidence quickly and efficiently.

Each level draws on research from the lower levels.

The higher the level, the more synthesized evidence and stronger.

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13
Q

Type: Research/primary

Def, use, limitation

A

A paper reporting on the result of a single study. The authors conducted the study.

Used to learn specific knowledge about a research topic.

Not synthesized evidence so it only provides a limited understanding of how to apply something to practice Ex. it is only 1 piece of evidence to support practice decisions.

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14
Q

Type: Case study

Def, use, limitation

A

Description of one person’s experience/condition.

Used to understand that specific experience/condition.

Hard to generalize.

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15
Q

Type: Review of literature

Def, use, limitations

A

Combination of relevant articles on a topic to explain the state of the literature on this topic.

Used to put many sources of evidence into one big bundle of evidence in one place.

It is not systematic so there can. be bias of inclusion and what the researchers decide to include and the quality of what they do include.

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16
Q

Type: Systematic Review

Def, use, limitations

A

Summary of the evidence about a particular topic and synthesized.

Used to put lots of information together. Less user-friendly way because it is more rigorous, can provide weightier evidence about how to act towards a particular practice question

Difficulty with reading and taking in the scope of findings.

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17
Q

Type: Meta-analysis

Def, use, limitations

A

Systematic review that uses statistical review.

Used to synthesize numerically everything about a topic. It is stronger than just a systematic review because it combines what is known about a topic with actual numerical findings together.

Difficulty with reading. Difficulty combining studies (ex. did all authors measure the same outcome and with the same method of measurement?)

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18
Q

Type: Meta-synthesis

Def, use, limitations

A

Systematic review of qualitative data, draws together major themes.

Uses overview of themes, synthesizing that qualitative literature says about a certain topic. Is st

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19
Q

Type: Professional communications/books/letters to the editor/book reviews

Def, use, limitations

A

Offers opinions on the articles or books.

Useful to add to understanding.

Biased opinions, not peer-reviewed.

20
Q

Def: Evidence

Astle’s def
+
CNA’s def
=

A

Information acquired through research and the scientific evaluation of practice, including rigorous methods (qualitative and quantitative), and reported in a variety of sources ( academic publications, consensus documents, reports) that are believed to be true (proven), which are SYSTEMATICALLY OBTAINED and SYSTEMATICALLY REVIEWED.

21
Q

Def: Systematically obtained

referring to “evidence”

A

Evidence/facts obtained in a way that is replicable, observable, credible, verifiable, or basically supportable.

22
Q

3 questions to guide the search process

A

Q: What am I looking for?
Q: How will I find it?
Q: What will I do with it?

23
Q

The search process

A 
clinical practice problem ->
defined research question->
main concepts->
PICO(T)->
keyword search terms->
additional keywords->
limiters->
subject headings
24
Q

Is a systematic review a primary or secondary source?

A

secondary

25
Q

Peer-reviewed article
criteria:

Q: Is the article peer-reviewed or not?

A
  • peer-reviewed (refereed, scholarly)
  • authors (expertise, credentials, affiliations)
  • abstract (highlights, implications for practice)
  • jargon (language to fit the audience, formal presentation)
  • length (depth, details like graphics)
  • references (to support)
  • ethical approval?
26
Q

Anatomy of a Research paper

A

IMRD

Intro

Methods (of collecting data, of analysis, of reviewing, tools, how they gathered subjects etc.)

Results (data, findings)

Discussion

27
Q

Evidence-Informed Practice:

A

aims to search for and appraise the best evidence as well as the inclusion of a practitioner’s judgment and client values.

28
Q

Why does evidence-informed practice matter to nursing practice?

A

BEST evidence to confirm, modify, change, develop knowledge, skills and attitudes to provide safe provision of optimal care and service for clients, communities.

29
Q

Process of bringing evidence into practice+ role of evidence in clinical decision making

A

the nurse bases treatment decisions on 3 things: research evidence, patient values and preferences, and clinical experience

30
Q

Research literacy:

Def & importance to nursing

A

Def: Understanding research language and its application to practice.

Importance:
-be involved in the process of evidence-informed decision making which supports your ability to communicate with other professionals and clients

  • remain current, reflective, critical, responsive in your work
  • make the best possible choices and provide the best possible care or interventions to clients
  • be a better consumer and an advocate of the best use of health care resources
31
Q

Evidence-informed decision-making:

A

the process of defining problems and questions; searching; appraising; and synthesizing the available research evidence; and then adapting, implementing, and evaluating best evidence for practice.

32
Q

the Define step

A

Begin by focusing on your topic, defining the terms of what you want to understand, and defining the boundaries of what you want to better understand.

ex. “health” is too general. Narrow it to mental, physical, cardiovascular health ect.)
ex. a particular population ? Factors such as age, gender, race, education level, socioeconomic status, existing health conditions, location?

33
Q

Rationale for PICO

A

a tool for question formulation. It helps make a question searchable and therefore answerable.

34
Q

Sensitivity:

A

1/2 of the main goals in the searching stage. To not miss any of those papers that are relevant to the question.

35
Q

Specificity:

A

1/2 of the main goals in the searching stage. To retrieve only those papers that are relevant to the search question

36
Q

Why is there a Peer-review process?

A

to ensure only those studies with methods and findings that have been evaluated by other experts in the field and determined to be both original and of high quality are published.

37
Q

Double-blind peer-review:

A

authors of the study and the reviewers are unaware of each other’s identities to prevent any personal bias from influencing the process of peer-reviewing

38
Q

Other ways to check if an article is peer-reviewed:

A
  • visit the journal’s website to confirm editorial practices

- use limiters when searching a database

39
Q

Research vs Evidence-informed practice

think “outcome” or “end goal”

A

Research’s outcome: contribute to understanding

Evidence-informed practice’s outcome: bring about
changes in practice

40
Q

1/5 Abstract:

A

Brief summary of the research including the main question, method, results, and implications

41
Q

2/5 Introduction

A

Introduces the topic, purpose of the study, provides background research leading up to the new question in the study.

42
Q

3/5 Methods

A

Describes the mechanics of the study (participants, measures used, and procedure)

43
Q

4/5 Results

A

Describes what was found in the study with statistics, tables, narrative description and analysis of the tables.

44
Q

5/5 Discussion

A

Describes the limitations and implications of the study.

So you can understand how these findings relate to. your practice and whether changes in your practice are advisable.

45
Q

primary vs secondary

A

Primary sources represent original thinking, reports on discoveries or events, or they can share new information. … Secondary sources involve analysis, synthesis, interpretation, or evaluation of primary sources

46
Q

Truncation:

A

Truncation is a searching technique used in databases in which a word ending is replaced by a symbol. For example: If the truncation symbol is , then the truncated word, laugh, will search for results containing laugh, laughter, laughing etc. …

N212:older adults (20 decks)

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