Midterm 1- Unit 01 Flashcards
What is nutrition?
all processes involved in the taking in and utilization of food substances by which growth, repair and maintenance activities in the body are accomplished
Nutrition includes (1-4)
Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Metabolism
Food role in the world…
Social welfare/security/nutrition and health/geopolitics/armed conflict
Why is Nutrition important?
Nutr can…
… prevent disease
a) Diseases ______ by _____
ex:
CAUSED by nutrition Deficiency
ex: scurvy, goiter, rickets
b) Diseases _______ by ____
ex:
INFLUENCED by nutrition
ex: cardiovascular disease
c) Diseases in which….
ex:
… nutrition PLAYS A ROLE
ex: osteoporosis
Why we eat the way we do
(1-5)
*more in notes
1) Social Interactions
2) Nutrition and Health
3) Culture - one of the strongest influences
4) Sensory Stimulation
5) Emotions (comfort - newborns) (cravings)
The nutrients:
1)
2)
1) MACROS - carbs, protein, fat
- quantity - energy/calories
- quality - where cal are coming from - chem bonds
- how our body uses cal - ex, power enzymes
2) MICROS - vitamins &
minerals
- NO energy content - allows energy to be harnessed from Macros
Phytochemicals =
Function is to fight bacteria /viruses, UV, free radicals
NOT cause and effect but PLAY a ROLE
CARBS (4kcal/g) Purpose: Storage: Ex: Problems:
P: supply energy to cells
S: limited - in liver and skeletal muscle cells
Ex: Simple (sugars) / Complex (grains)
PS: Diabetes mellitus
LIPIDS (TG/ CHOLE/PHOSPHOL/Oils,Fats) (9kcal/g) P: S: Ex: PS:
P: building blocks of phospholipids and glycolipids
protein modification - attach FA
- Fuel
- serve as starter for hormones (estrogen) and messenger
S: white adipose tissue (surface of body)
Brown “ “ (deeper- organs & sm amts)
Ex: Avocado
PS: obesity, artery disease
PROTEIN (4kcal/g) P: S: Ex: PS:
P: structure and energy S: every tissue (AA pool) Ex: legumes PS: lack of protein (Kwashiorkor) - fat deposition in liver, swelling \: Muscle wasting and fat depletion (Marasmus)
Non- protein nitrogenous compounds:
Ex:
: comprised of AA, not considered protein
Ex: creatine, choline, carnosine, carnitine, glutathione
MICRONUTRIENTS Vitamins = / Functions and Minerals = / macro vs trace Water
Vit = organic compounds containing C & H & other atoms such as N, O, P
F: energy extraction from MACROS / Calcium balance / blood clotting
Min = inorganic
Macro - major minerals (Na, K, Cl, Ca, P)
Trace - sm amts in diet (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mo, Mn, Se, I, Fl)
What is energy?
forms of energy =
= ability to perform work heat / mass = Mechanical - move objects Electrical - move charges Thermal - increase temp (randomness) Chemical - break/build of chem bonds
UNIT of food energy =
Energy Density = / ex
Nutrient Density = / ex
= CALORIE
= amount of energy in food relative to its mass / ex: muffin
= amount of nutrients available relative to its energy content / ex: fruit and vege
Food energy is in:
How our body uses food energy:
Energy balance eqn:
: its chemical bonds
: to drive metabolism
: Energy IN = Energy OUT + Energy Stored
DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES
[EAR] =
[EAR] = Estimated Average Requirement
avg daily intake that will meet the needs of 1/2 ppl in the category
- used to establish RDA
[RDA]
= Recommended Dietary Allowance
avg daily intake required to meet needs of 97-98% of ppl in category
[AI] = / ex
[UL] =
= Adequate intake ; intake for nutrient without enough evidence (ex - Vit K)
= Tolerable Upper Intake ; highest avg intake daily that likely will not have adverse effects
[EER]
based on:
= Estimated Energy Requirement
avg daily energy intake to maintain energy balance
: age, gender, weight, height, activity
[AMDR]
= Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range ;
Carbs - 45% - 65%
Protein - 10% - 35%
Fats - 20% - 35%
Nutrition Assessment:
Health Status, Diet History (Historical Info)
Height, Weight (Anthropometric measurements)
Blood Gluc, LDL, HDL (Lab Tests)
