Midterm 1- Unit 01

Question 1

What is nutrition?

Answer 1

all processes involved in the taking in and utilization of food substances by which growth, repair and maintenance activities in the body are accomplished

Question 2

Nutrition includes (1-4)

Answer 2

Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Metabolism

Question 3

Food role in the world…

Answer 3

Social welfare/security/nutrition and health/geopolitics/armed conflict

Question 4

Why is Nutrition important?

Nutr can…

Answer 4

… prevent disease

Question 5

a) Diseases ______ by _____

ex:

Answer 5

CAUSED by nutrition Deficiency

ex: scurvy, goiter, rickets

Question 6

b) Diseases _______ by ____

ex:

Answer 6

INFLUENCED by nutrition

ex: cardiovascular disease

Question 7

c) Diseases in which….

ex:

Answer 7

… nutrition PLAYS A ROLE

ex: osteoporosis

Question 8

Why we eat the way we do
(1-5)
*more in notes

Answer 8

1) Social Interactions
2) Nutrition and Health
3) Culture - one of the strongest influences
4) Sensory Stimulation
5) Emotions (comfort - newborns) (cravings)

Question 9

The nutrients:
1)
2)

Answer 9

1) MACROS - carbs, protein, fat
- quantity - energy/calories
- quality - where cal are coming from - chem bonds
- how our body uses cal - ex, power enzymes
2) MICROS - vitamins &
minerals
- NO energy content - allows energy to be harnessed from Macros

Question 10

Phytochemicals =

Answer 10

Function is to fight bacteria /viruses, UV, free radicals

NOT cause and effect but PLAY a ROLE

Question 11

CARBS (4kcal/g)
Purpose:
Storage:
Ex:
Problems:

Answer 11

P: supply energy to cells
S: limited - in liver and skeletal muscle cells
Ex: Simple (sugars) / Complex (grains)
PS: Diabetes mellitus

Question 12

LIPIDS (TG/ CHOLE/PHOSPHOL/Oils,Fats)
(9kcal/g)
P: 
S:
Ex:
PS:

Answer 12

P: building blocks of phospholipids and glycolipids
protein modification - attach FA
- Fuel
- serve as starter for hormones (estrogen) and messenger
S: white adipose tissue (surface of body)
Brown “ “ (deeper- organs & sm amts)
Ex: Avocado
PS: obesity, artery disease

Question 13

PROTEIN (4kcal/g)
P:
S:
Ex:
PS:

Answer 13

P: structure and energy
S: every tissue (AA pool)
Ex: legumes
PS: lack of protein (Kwashiorkor)
   - fat deposition in liver, swelling
\: Muscle wasting and fat depletion (Marasmus)

Question 14

Non- protein nitrogenous compounds:

Ex:

Answer 14

: comprised of AA, not considered protein

Ex: creatine, choline, carnosine, carnitine, glutathione

Question 15

MICRONUTRIENTS 
Vitamins = / Functions
and 
Minerals = / macro vs trace
Water

Answer 15

Vit = organic compounds containing C & H & other atoms such as N, O, P
F: energy extraction from MACROS / Calcium balance / blood clotting

Min = inorganic
Macro - major minerals (Na, K, Cl, Ca, P)
Trace - sm amts in diet (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mo, Mn, Se, I, Fl)

Question 16

What is energy?

forms of energy =

Answer 16

= ability to perform work 
heat  / mass
= Mechanical - move objects
Electrical - move charges
Thermal - increase temp (randomness)
Chemical - break/build of chem bonds

Question 17

UNIT of food energy =
Energy Density = / ex
Nutrient Density = / ex

Answer 17

= CALORIE
= amount of energy in food relative to its mass / ex: muffin
= amount of nutrients available relative to its energy content / ex: fruit and vege

Question 18

Food energy is in:
How our body uses food energy:
Energy balance eqn:

Answer 18

: its chemical bonds
: to drive metabolism
: Energy IN = Energy OUT + Energy Stored

Question 19

DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES

[EAR] =

Answer 19

[EAR] = Estimated Average Requirement
avg daily intake that will meet the needs of 1/2 ppl in the category
- used to establish RDA

Question 20

[RDA]

Answer 20

= Recommended Dietary Allowance

avg daily intake required to meet needs of 97-98% of ppl in category

Question 21

[AI] = / ex

[UL] =

Answer 21

= Adequate intake ; intake for nutrient without enough evidence (ex - Vit K)
= Tolerable Upper Intake ; highest avg intake daily that likely will not have adverse effects

Question 22

[EER]

based on:

Answer 22

= Estimated Energy Requirement
avg daily energy intake to maintain energy balance
: age, gender, weight, height, activity

Question 23

[AMDR]

Answer 23

= Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range ;
Carbs - 45% - 65%
Protein - 10% - 35%
Fats - 20% - 35%

Question 24

Nutrition Assessment:

Answer 24

Health Status, Diet History (Historical Info)
Height, Weight (Anthropometric measurements)
Blood Gluc, LDL, HDL (Lab Tests)