Midterm #1 TopHat Questions Flashcards
What are energy sources of natural disasters?
- gravity (due to attraction between two masses)
- solar energy
The main source of Earth’s internal energy is/are
- radioactive decay
Retrofitting a hospital to better withstand ground shaking during an earthquake is considered to be
- mitigation
Force per unit area is
- stress
- tension
Rheology describes
- how a material strains under stress
- how a material deforms when subject to stress
The lithosphere consists of both _____ and _____.
- crust
- uppermost
Earthquake rupture is mostly limited to crust since
- the crust is cold and therefore rigid and brittle.
oceanic crust is youngest
- near mid-ocean ridges.
Earthquakes occur predominantly
- along plate margins (trenches and mid-ocean ridges).
Earth’s magnetic field originates in the
- outer core
Subduction zones
- are convergent plate boundaries
- cause volcanism due to lithosphere sinking into the mantle
- recycle oceanic lithosphere into the mantle
- host some of the world’s largest earthquakes
Deep-focus earthquakes occur in
- subduction zones
transform plate boundary are
- conservative
Trench plate boundaries are
- convergent/under compression
Spreading plate boundaries are
- divergent/under tension
The majority of transform fault is found
- near mid-ocean ridges, offsetting MOR segments
Divergent zone
- tension and compression
Convergent zone
- tension
Transform fault
- shear
Hot spots
- compression
Great earthquakes of Mw 9+ can occur along
- subduction zones
Intra-slab EQ occur
- in the Wadati-Benioff zone
In regions affected by tsunamis from mega thrust earthquakes, coastal marshes show sequences of
1) peat
2) mud
3) sand
Particle motion of P waves is
- in the direction of propagation
Order the seismic waves from first to last arrival
- P wave
- S wave
- Love wave
- Rayleigh wave
An increase of 3 in magnitude leads to a ___ times increase in shaking.
- 1000
