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GOPH 375 > Final Exam Review > Flashcards

Final Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

The Mount Pinatubo volcano is located in what geographic location?

A
  • philippines
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2
Q

Which has the highest annual risk for an Albertan?

A
  • blizzard
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3
Q

Why didn’t the 1991 eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in the Philippines result in large human casualties?

A
  • most people obeyed the early warnings and evacuation orders
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4
Q

What is a Milankovitch cycle?

A
  • it is a variation of Earth’s orbit leading to climate changes
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5
Q

What is K-T boundary?

A

= Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary with the dinosaur extinction

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6
Q

What is the kinetic energy of a two tonne asteroidal fragment entering the atmosphere at 15km/s?

A
  • 2.25x10 (to the 11th) joules
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7
Q

What are the three main requirements of fires?

A
  • fuel, oxygen, ignition
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8
Q

What is the current (2015) approximate doubling time of Earth’s population?

A
  • 45 years
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9
Q

Which of the following describes an atmospheric inversion?

A
  • warm air overlying cold air
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10
Q

What is a growler?

A
  • a small iceberg
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11
Q

Which of the following is true about lightning?

A
  • it is discharge of voltage generated in a. cloud
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12
Q

About how long oddly it take for a coin, dropped overboard from a. shop passing over the deepest part of the Pacific, to reach the ocean bottom?

A
  • 1 day
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13
Q

The rapid increase in human population during the past several centuries is an example of _____ growth.

A
  • exponential
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14
Q

Which of the following natural hazards is not the direct result of the process of plate tectonics?

A
  • flooding
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15
Q

What is a jokulhaup?

A
  • a sudden outburst of water from a glacier
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16
Q

Which of the following is the most likely cause for the extinction of dinosaurs 65 million years ago?

A
  • an asteroid or cometary impact
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17
Q

What is a crown fire?

A
  • a forest fire that spreads from treetop to treetop
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18
Q

Which off the following typically causes the greatest annual energy input to the Earth’s surface?

A
  • sunlight
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19
Q

What will a seismic gap likely do?

A
  • eventually rupture causing an earthquake
20
Q

In New Orleans, the death and destruction caused by Hurricane Katrina was a result of:

A
  • flooding
21
Q

What country has suffered the greatest number of fatalities from cyclonic storms in recent years?

A
  • Bangladesh
22
Q

Which of the following is true about earthquakes?

A
  • they have a low-pressure centre ands surrounding powerful updrafts
23
Q

Which of the following is true about glaciers?

A
  • glaciers have been covering a significant global area for 2 million years
24
Q

What are some factors that describe the Frank Slide?

A
  • turtle mountain landslide
  • 71 casulties
  • a limestone anticline failure
  • situated in the Crowsnest Pass
25
Q

Volcanoes are formed as a result of:

A
  • strain build up caused by continental drift
26
Q

What is a hypo centre?

A
  • the initiation point of an earthquake usually below the surface
27
Q

Which of the following describes a Gamblers’ ruin?

A
  • a statistical fluctuation in population that can lead to species extinction
28
Q

This type of wave associated with earthquakes moves along the surface by oscillating side to side as opposed to up and down and only produce horizontal motion.

A
  • love waves
29
Q

If you were to live in Japan, which of the following is likely to impact you the most?

A
  • an earthquake while driving to work
30
Q

The Himalaya mountains are the result of which tectonic phenomena?

A
  • Indo-Asian continent-continent collision
31
Q

Which of the following is not a surface wave associated with earthquakes?

A
  • S wave (S waves are body waves)
32
Q

Which of the following allows landslides to rock, such s the Frank slide, to run out to great distances?

A
  • formation of an air cushion between the moving rock mass and the stationary rock mass
33
Q

What is the Oort Cloud?

A
  • an envelope of comets surrounding the solar system
34
Q

Most fatalities during a hurricane occur as the result of which of the following?

A
  • flying debris
35
Q

Design mistakes, which increase your house vulnerability to fire, include which of the following?

A
  • locating your house on a slope
  • allowing tree limbs to hang over the roof
  • constructing your house of wood
  • having your roof made of flammable wood shingles
36
Q

Mass movement of geologic matter occurs when gravity overpowers friction. (True or False)

A
  • True
37
Q

Which of the following greenhouse gases accounts for 60% of global warming?

A
  • carbon dioxide (CO2)
38
Q

What is the mechanism that drives creep?

A
  • freezing and thawing of the surface
  • wetting and drying of the surface
  • heating and cooling of the surface
39
Q

Much of the mid-latitude severe weather in the Northern Hemisphere occurs via cyclones: air masses rotating…

A
  • counter-clockwise about a low pressure cone.
40
Q

The main destructive actions of tornados include which of the following?

A
  • high-wind speeds blow away buildings and trees
  • flying debris act like bullets of shrapnel killing people
  • debris picked up by the winds smash into buildings and trees damaging or destroying them
41
Q

If you spray water into a fire, it will help prevent the spread of fire or extinguish it because water will

A
  • reduce the heat
42
Q

What is the primary source of energy for severe weather such as thunderstorms?

A
  • release of latent heat due to condensation
43
Q

Most common mineral or geologic material that is associated with slope failures is

A
  • clay
44
Q

The effects of drought in Canada are mostly felt in ____.

A
  • Saskatchewan and Alberta
45
Q

The stability of a hill slope is improved by

A
  • decreasing the weight of hill slope materials
46
Q

How would you increase the stability of a hill slope?

A
  • by decreasing the weight of sediments

GOPH 375 (12 decks)

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