Midterm 1 Swine and Cattle

Question 1

Which method is not suitable for pregnancy diagnosis in cattle?
A) Transrectal palpation
B) Transrectal ultrasonographic examination
C) Serum PAG level measuring
D) Serum progesteron level measuring

Answer 1

D) Serum progesteron level measuring

Question 2

What is the time of ovulation in cattle?
A) At the first clinical signs of heat
B) At the peak of clinical heat symptoms
C) Second half/last third of the heat
D) 12-18 hours after the end of clinical oestrus signs

Answer 2

D) 12-18 hours after the end of clinical oestrus signs

Question 3

Choose the proper answer for a foetus in (oblique) dorso-vertical presentation
A) Only Krey-Schöttler’s dooble hook can be used during reposition
B) The legs of the foetus are usually available
C) We can use a Caemerer’s torsion fork for reposition
D) We can try with halfing the body of the foetus

Answer 3

D) We can try with halfing the body of the foetus

Question 4

How can the postpartal negative energy balance be prevented or decreased?
A) With maximal energy intake during the dry period
B) By restricted feeding during the dry period followed by ad libitum feeding with maximal energy content during lactation
C) Maximal energy intake during the dry period and restricted feeding after calving
D) Feeding only with energy rich concentrate after calving

Answer 4

B) By restricted feeding during the dry period followed by ad libitum feeding with maximal energy content during lactation

Question 5

Which is the earliest day after artificial insemination when pregnancy can be diagnosed with high accuracy by rectal palpation in cattle?
A) 28
B) 35
C) 42
D) 60

Answer 5

B) 35

Question 6

What would you use as the first choice to treat perperal paresis?
A) IM vitamin D
B) Diet rich in cations
C) PO calciumchloride
D) IV calcium gluconicum

Answer 6

D) IV calcium gluconicum

Question 7

Which drug would you use to sedate a cattle?
A) Clenbuterol
B) Xylazine
C) Lidocaine
D) Ceftiofur

Answer 7

B) Xylazine

Question 8

In the bovine, maternal recognition of pregnancy is based on the production of 
A) Bovine placental lactogen
B) Pregnancy specific protein B
C) Bovine interferon tau
D) Pregnancy associated glycoprotein

Answer 8

C) Bovine interferon tau

Question 9

Indicate the incorrect statement!
A) Different groups of neurons are responsible for the tonic and preovulatory-like GnRH release from the hypothalamus
B) GnRH is transported to the adenohypophysis via the portal plexus
C) GnRH is produced in the anterior pituitary
D) Oxytocin is produced by the paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus

Answer 9

C) GnRH is produced in the anterior pituitary

Question 10

Please mark the proper statement
A) The purpose of episiotomy is the distinction of left and right forms of uterine torsion
B) Episiotomy has to be performed along the medial line between the vulva and the anal ring in bitches (episiotomia media)
C) A dorsolateral cut for episiotomy can only be performed in cattle
D) Because of the high risk of injuring large vessels, episiotomy should not be applied in horses

Answer 10

B) Episiotomy has to be performed along the medial line between the vulva and the anal ring in bitches (episiotomia media)

Question 11

In the sow, the maternal recognition of pregnancy is based on the production of
A) Progesterone
B) Pregnancy specific protein B
C) Estradiol
D) Pregnancy associated glycoprotein

Answer 11

C) Estradiol

Question 12

What is responsible for the induction of PGF2a synthesis by the endometrium at the beginning of the luteolysis in the cow?
A) Bovine IFN-tau produced by the embryo
B) Relaxin produced by the placenta
C) Progesterone produced by the luteal cells
D) Oxytocin produced by the luteal cells

Answer 12

D) Oxytocin produced by the luteal cells

Question 13

When does the oestrus cycle reinitiate after parturition in dairy cows?
A) 10-45 days
B) 60-70 days
C) 50-60 days
D) 70-80 days

Answer 13

A) 10-45 days

Question 14

What characterises uterine contractility of normocalcemic cows with retained foetal membranes as related to healthy controls within 2 days postpartum?
A) weaker
B) same magnitude
C) stronger
D) total inactivity

Answer 14

A) weaker

Question 15

Chose the improper answer for the above drawing
A) The hind legs may perforate the vaginal wall
B) It illustrates a foal foetus with longitudinal posterior presentation and ventral position
C)The abnormality can be corrected by using a Kühn’s crutch
D) Only caesarean section can be used to solve it

Answer 15

D) Only caesarean section can be used to solve it

Question 16

What does silent heat mean?
A) No clinical signs of heat
B) No corpus luteum develops
C) No follicle develops
D) No sound is given by the animal

Answer 16

A) No clinical signs of heat

Question 17

Which of the four statements about the bovine pregnancy is correct?
A) From day 40 of the pregnancy the foetoplacental unit synthesises steroid-like pregnanes
B) On day 6 the embryo forms a glycoprotein capsule attaching to the inner surface of the zona pellucida
C) After hatching from the zona pellucida the bovine embryo implants immediately
D) Binuclear giant cells migrating into the endometrium produce pregnancy specific protein (PSPB)

Answer 17

D) Binuclear giant cells migrating into the endometrium produce pregnancy specific protein (PSPB)

Question 18

How does a PGF2a treatment with therapeutical dose at the day after parturition act on uterine contractility?
A) Enhances
B) inhibits
C) does not act on it
D) Enhances only the frequency of contractions but does not influence their intensity

Answer 18

C) does not act on it

Question 19

The order of the hormonal treatments at the Co-Synch protocol?
A) GnRH + PGF2a + GnRH + AI
B) Progesterone + PGF2a
C) PGF2a + PGF2a

Answer 19

A) GnRH + PGF2a + GnRH + AI

Question 20

What is the main hormonal factor of delayed resumption of cyclic ovarian activity caused by energy deficit?
A) Due to oestrogen insensitivity of the hypothalamus there are only tonic GnRH releases
B) Follicular growth and ovulation is blocked by persisting high level of P4
C) There is cyclic follicular growth but without clinical symptoms
D) Presence of calves causes lactational anoestrus

Answer 20

A) Due to oestrogen insensitivity of the hypothalamus there are only tonic GnRH releases

Question 21

The following statement is true for the allowed forced extraction
A) It should always be performed on a standing animal
B) A medium power person performs it during straining of the dam
C) 3 to 4 medium power persons alternatingly pull the obstetrical chains/ropes, which have been fixed to the legs and head of the foetus
D) Its purpose is to test whether a foetus can be born through the birth canal

Answer 21

C) 3 to 4 medium power persons alternatingly pull the obstetrical chains/ropes, which have been fixed to the legs and head of the foetus

Question 22

For how many days the developing corpus luteum is not able to respond to the prostaglandin treatment?
A) 6 days
B) 2 days
C) 10 days
D) It is able to respond immediately

Answer 22

A) 6 days

Question 23

Which hormone is a decapeptide (it is made up of 10 amino acids)
A) Relaxin
B) Dehydroepiangrosterone
C) GnRH
D) Inhibin

Answer 23

C) GnRH

Question 24

Which of these animals has the most optimal pelvic bone in terms of formation of the bony birth canal?
A) A jersey cow
B) an angora nanny goat
C) A belgian shepherd bitch
D) A purebred Arabian mare
E) A hampshire sow

Answer 24

D) A purebred Arabian mare

Question 25

Which statement is true regarding the hormonal background of cattle ovulation?
A) Ovulation takes place at maximal E2 level
B) Ovulation takes place when the P4 level exceeds 2 ng/ml
C) Ovulation is triggered by luteolytic level of PGF2a
D) Ovulation takes place 24-30 hours after the LH peak

Answer 25

A) Ovulation takes place at maximal E2 level

Question 26

Select the correct statement! Please note that the time of investigation is not indicated
A) Longitudinal posterior presentation is abnormal
B) Ventral position may be normal
C) Dorsal position is always normal
D) Flexed legs are always abnormal
E) Presentation means the relation of the vertebral column of the foetus to the vertebral column of the dam

Answer 26

B) Ventral position may be normal

Question 27

What is the time of ovulation in cattle?
A) At the first clinical signs of heat?
B) At the peak of clinical heat symptoms
C) Second half/last third of the heat
D) 12-18 hours after the end of clinical oestrus signs

Answer 27

D) 12-18 hours after the end of clinical oestrus signs

Question 28

How can you diagnose an internal uterine torsion in a cow?
A) By vaginal palpation
B) By vaginoscopy
C) By rectal palpation
D) By laparotomy

Answer 28

C) By rectal palpation

Question 29

Please evaluate the below statements about clinical examination of different forms of metritis: Indicate the correct statement
A) One clinical examination upon transfer from calving unit to production group (i.e. 4-6 days postpartum) is enough
B) General clinical examination, taking rectal temperature and observation of genitals provide good enough information for the diagnosis
C) To establish the diagnosis of subclinical endometritis, ultrasonography is necessary
D) If no spontaneous shedding of discharge takes place, collection from the cervical orifice either manually or using appropriate tools is strongly advised

Answer 29

D) If no spontaneous shedding of discharge takes place, collection from the cervical orifice either manually or using appropriate tools is strongly advised

Question 30

What is the optimum time for insemination in cattle?
A) By the first clinical signs of heat
B) At the peak of the clinical heat symptoms
C) Second half/last third of the heat symptoms
D) 12-18 hours after the end of clinical signs of oestrus

Answer 30

B) At the peak of the clinical heat symptoms

Question 31

Indicate the incorrect statement
A) Melatonin is a tryptophan-derivate, produced by the pineal gland
B) Kisspeptin neurons are present in the anterior lobe of the pituitary
C) Oxytocin is produced by the luteal tissue of corpus luteum
D) eCG and hCG are extrahypophyseal gonadotropins

Answer 31

B) Kisspeptin neurons are present in the anterior lobe of the pituitary

Question 32

Indicate the correct statement
A) Involution in dairy cow is always completely finished before the first ovulation
B) Lochia in physiological conditions is a watery, brownish, foul smelling fluid
C) Blood progesterone (P4) level is high during early involution
D) Size of the uterus is decreased to approx. its half within 10 days postpartum
E) Following physiological calving the uterus can be considered sterile

Answer 32

D) Size of the uterus is decreased to approx. its half within 10 days postpartum

Question 33

One of the below statements concerning the induction of parturition in the cow is incorrect. please mark it
A) Parturition can be induced with relaxin
B) Parturition can be induced with corticosteroids
C) Parturition can be induced with PGF2 alpha and analogues
D) Parturition can be induced with PGF2 alpha + corticosteroids

Answer 33

A) Parturition can be induced with relaxin

Question 34

Which is not abnormal?
A) Ventral position of a foal foetus during the second trimester of pregnancy
B) Double sided hip flexion of a small calf foetus
C) Harms dog-sitting position in a foal
D) Shoulder flexion of a piglet

Answer 34

A) Ventral position of a foal foetus during the second trimester of pregnancy