Midterm 1 review Part2 Flashcards
Corpus Callosum+ why cut it? (3)
- Connects the two brain hemistphere
- Permit communication between the right and left side of the brain
- Reason to cut the CC: epilepsy (Overexcitation)
Gray Matter (3)
What it contains. what it does. Neuron organization
Cell body+capillary blood vessels, collects and processes incoming (afferent) sensory or outgoing (efferent) information, neurons in the cortical gray matter lie in layers
White Matter
What it contains+what it does
myelinated axons+insulation, form longer-distance connections between and among some of the brain’s neurons, forms the connections among cells
Neuron
carry out the brain’s major functions
Glial Cell (2)
Aid and modulate the neuron’s activities (can participate in depolarization + placidity)
The nrocortex has 6 layers: specify them
- Sensory input (Afferent)-Layer IV
- Info integration- Layer I-III
- Output (efferent: info going out to other part of brain, ex to motor cortex) info- Layer V to VI
Evolutionary scale of brain’s feature (Vertebrate)
Fish, amphibian, reptile
The nervous system begins as a sheet of cells. This sheet folds into a hollow tube and develops into three regions— forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain—which are recognizable as a series of three enlargements at the end of the embryonic spinal cord. The prosencephalon (front brain) is responsible for olfaction, the sense of smell; the mesencephalon (middle brain) is the seat of vision and hearing; and the rhombencephalon (hindbrain) controls movement and balance. The spinal cord is part of the hindbrain.
Evolutionary scale of brain’s feature (Mammalian)
The prosencephalon develops further to form the subcortical structures known collectively as the diencephalon (between brain thalamus, hypotyhalamus) and the cerebral hemispheres and cortical areas, or telencephalon (endbrain). The mammalian hindbrain develops further into the metencephalon (across brain), which includes the cerebellum, and the myelencephalon (spinal brain, pons+medulla), including the spinal cord.
Spinal cord:
What it does+dermatomes+which side controls what (3)
Receives and sends info to and from the entire body. The segments of our bodies (dermatomes) correspond to segments of the spinal cord. Each dermatome has a sensory nerve and a motor nerve associated with it
muscles, and related structures and, in turn, send motor instructions to control each muscle.
The spinal nerves on the left side of the spinal cord control the left side of the body, and those on the right side of the spinal cord control the body’s right side.
The law of Bell and Magendie:
- Sensory info is transmitted to the brain (afferent) in the dorsal portion (dorsal side=posterior side) of the spinal cord
- Motor info is transmitted from the brain (efferent) in the ventral portion (Ventral side= anterior; side) of the spinal cord
Brainstem contains 3 divisions
Hindbrain, midbrain, diacephalon
The hindbrain +composed of (4)+function
Motor Composed of the cerebellum, medulla, pons and reticular formation
controls motor functions ranging from breathing to balance to fine movements, such as those used in dancing.
Cerebellum
Control of complex movements, Its relative size increases with the physical speed and dexterity of a species
Hindbrian
what is included
Pons+ Recticular formation+medulla
Reticular formation (hindbrain)
is a netlike mixture of neurons (gray matter) and nerve fibers (white matter). The reticular formation’s nuclei are localized into small patches along its length. Each has a special function in stimulating the forebrain, such as in waking from sleep.
