Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Animal Anatomy > Midterm 1 review > Flashcards

Midterm 1 review Flashcards

1
Q

organelle that is the principle site for energy production

A

Mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

small granules composed of RNA and proteins, synthesizes proteins

A

Ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ribosomes are attached to the outside and it functions to make proteins by taking up polypeptides and amino acids from cytosol and assembling them into proteins.

A

Rough ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

does not contain ribosomes and functions to synthesize lipid substances, steroid hormones, and detoxifies certain organic chemicals

A

Smooth ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

these organelles package materials made in the cell into vesicles and distributes them to other parts of the cell.

A

Golgi apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Vesicular organelles that are formed by the golgi apparatus and then are dispersed throughout the cytoplasm. They contain digestive enzymes and function as an intracellular digestive system.

A

Lysosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the largest structure in the cell. It is the control center of the cell, controlling its chemical reactions and reproduction.

A

Cell’s Nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the four basic tissues in the body?

A

1) Epithelium
2) Connective tissue
3) Nervous tissue
4) muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Axial skeleton consists of?

A

vertebral column, ribs, and sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Appendicular skeleton consists of?

A

bones of the limb and bones connecting the limbs to the axial skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Visceral skeleton consists of?

A

bones that develop in the viscera or soft structures such as the os penis in carnivores and the os cordis in the ox and sheep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the different parts of the long bone?

A

Diaphysis
Epiphysis
Metaphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the gross term for bone that looks solid?

A

Compact bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

term for bone that has visible spaces in it. the empty spaces between trabeculae are filled with bone marrow?

A

Cancellous/spongy bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

immature bone that has been laid down but not organized by secondary remodeling.

A

woven bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

mature bone that has been remodeled.

A

Haversian bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

when stimulated, they develop into the more active, secretory cell = osteoblast (stemcells)

A

osteoprogenitor cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

differentiated bone-forming cell responsible for the production of bone matrix. cell becoming bone.

A

osteoblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Mature bone cells, derived from osteoblasts.

A

Osteocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

bone resorbing cells. large, motile, often multinucleated cells that are derived from stem cells in blood producing tissue of bone marrow and spleen.

A

Osteoclasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

chondrocytes begin to divide and organize into columns forming the zone of proliferation.

A

zone of reserve cartilage (youngest)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

these cells are dividing and as they produce cartilaginous matrix, they push the epiphysis away from the diaphysis, thereby elongating the bone.

A

Zone of proliferation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

each division of chondrocytes brings about larger cells.

A

Zone of hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

(oldest) hypertrophied cells begin to calcify the cartilage matrix.

A

Zone of calcified matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
types of joint movements
``` rotation flexion extension adduction abduction circumduction pronation supination ```
26
what are the function of muscles?
``` movement posture maintenance heat generation protection of some internal organs squeezes fluids and other substances respiration heart beat ```
27
muscle that is striated, musculature of the heart, branched fibers.
Cardiac muscle
28
muscle striated, generally attached to bone, usually under voluntary control, non branched fibers
Skeletal muscle
29
muscle not striated found in the walls of viscera (gut, vessels, glands, etc)
smooth muscle
30
what are the skeletal muscle fibers?
red white intermediate
31
what does the sacromere contain?
``` Z line I band A band M line H band motor unit motor end plate ```
32
what are the connective tissue coverings in a muscle?
epimysium perimysium endomysium
33
what is origin of a muscle?
the least movable end
34
what is insertion of a muscle?
the most movable end
35
Dense connective tissue that attach muscles to bone. consist entirely of collagen bundles in regular arrangement
tendon
36
what are the 2 anatomical divisions of the nervous system?
Central (CNS) | Peripheral (PNS)
37
what are the two functional divisions of the peripheral nervous system?
Efferent (away from the CNS) | Afferent (to the CNS)
38
Slows heart rate, increases gut motility, and brings body back to rest after an emergency.
Parasympathetic system
39
in an emergency this system overrides the parasympathetic system by dilating pupils, increases heart rate, opens lungs airways....(flight or fight)
sympathetic system
40
what are the 12 cranial nerves?
``` olfactory n. I optic n. II oculomotor n. III trochlear n. IV trigeminal n. V abducens n. VI facial n. VII auditory (vestibular-cochlear n.) VIII glossopharyngeal n. IX vagus n. X accessory n. XI hypoglossyl n. XII ```
41
what nerve innervates muscles of facial expression?
Facial n. VII
42
what nerve innervates muscles of mastication?
trigeminal n. (mandibular) V
43
what nerve innervates muscles of the tongue?
Hypoglossal n. XII
44
what is the part of the nervous system that contains the neuronal cell bodies. nerve fibers are not myelinated?
Gray matter
45
what is the part of the nervous system that contains only axions. nerve fibers are myelinated?
white matter
46
what are the functional divisions of the brain?
forebrain brainstem vestibular system cerebellum
47
what are the anatomical divisions of the brain?
``` cerebrum-telencephalon brainstem-diencephalon brainstem-mesencephalon brainstem-metencephalon brainstem-myelencephalon ```
48
what are the 3 layers of the meninges?
dura mater arachnoid pia mater
49
what is the structure of the spinal cord?
``` central canal gray matter white matter dorsal horn ventral horn ```
50
what is the blood brain barrier?
prevents many substances in the blood from readily entering the cells of the CNS. It is composed of capillaries of the CNS.
51
what blood vessels contribute to the blood supply to the brain?
``` basilar artery internal carotid artery -anterior crebral artery -middle cerebral artery -posterior communication branch ```
52
what is the vertebral formula for the dog?
c7 t13 l7
53
what is the vertebral formula for the horse?
C7 T13 L6-7
54
What is anticlinal vertebra?
has the most vertically oriented spine (t11 in dogs) | all spines cranial to it are inclined caudally/ all spines caudal to it are inclined cranially
55
what are the parts of the nuchal ligament?
funicular (cord) | lamellar (sheet)
56
which species does not have a nuchal ligament?
cat
57
what are the components of the intervertebral disc
annulus | nucleus
58
what are the 2 parts of the costovertebral joints?
head of rib with caudal and cranial costal facets of adjacent vertebrae (ball and socket type joints) -tubercle of rib with the transverse process of the corresponding vertebra
59
what are the cutaneous muscles?
``` platysma (covers neck and face) cutaneous trunci (covers the side of trunk) cuaneous omobrachialis (continuation of the cutaneous trunci muscle over the shoulder in horses and ruminants Preputial muscle(present in carnivores, ruminants and pigs ```
60
Breathing: - ribs pull crainally - diaphragm is displaced caudally - external intercostals, levatores costarum, rectus thoracis, scalenus and cranial serratus dorsalis work in inspiration.
Inspiration
61
Breathing: - ribs are drawn caudally - decreases the transverse diameter and volume of the thorax - internal intercostals, caudal serratus dorsalis and the diaphragm, external abdominal oblique work in experation
Expiration
62
flexors of the the spine, is ventral to the transverse processes of the vertebrae.
hypaxial muscles
63
extensors of the spine and dorsal to the transverse processes of the vertebrae
epaxial muscles
64
epaxial muscle most lateral?
iliocostalis system
65
epaxial muscle most intermediate?
longissimus system
66
epaxial muscle most medial?
transversospinalis system
67
what nerve innervates the diaphragm?
phrenic nerve
68
what are the three diaphragmatic hiatus?
aortic hiatus esophageal hiatus caval foramen
69
what structures are in the aortic hiatus?
aorta azygous vein thoracic duct
70
what structures are in the esophageal hiatus?
esophagus, dorsal/ventral vagal trunks
71
what structures are in the caval formen?
caudal vena cava
72
what structures are associated with the occipital bone?
hypoglossal canal foramen magnum nuchal crest
73
what structures are associated with the temporal bone?
zygomatic process tympanic bulla external acoustic meatus
74
what structures are associated with the frontal bone?
cornual process
75
what structures are associated with the ethmoid bone?
cribriform plate
76
what structures are associated with the sphenoid bone?
optic canal
77
what structures are associated with the maxillary bone?
infraorbital canal | upper check teeth
78
what structures are associated with the incisive bone?
upper incisors
79
what structures are associated with the mandible?
lower teeth

Animal Anatomy (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions