Midterm 1 Review Flashcards
Types of Fibrous Joints
Sutures, Syndesmosis, Gomphoses (Teeth)
Example and Function of Suture
Synarthrodial, skull
Examples and Function of Syndesmosis
Distal Ends of Tibia/Fibula, Radius/Ulna (Amphiarthrodial)
Examples of Cartilaginous Joints
Symphysis
Examples of symphysis, function
Pubic Symphysis, Between Vertebrae, Amphiarthrodial
Synarthrodial Cartilaginous Joint
Connection between first rib and sternum
Examples of Ball and Socket
Shoulder and Hip
Ellipsoid or Condyloid Joint
Between metacarpals and phalanges, between radius and carpals
Plane or Gliding Joint
Carpals, Tarsals, Vertebral Facets, Sacrum/Iliac, Ribs 2-7 and sternum, acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular
Hinge Joint
Elbow, ankle, phalanges
Pivot Joint
Atlas rotates around dens of axis, proximal ends of radius and ulna
Saddle Joint
Thumb, sternocalvicular
Nucleus Pulpous
Gelatinous interior of disc
Anulus Fibrosis
Fibrous exterior of disc
Three types of risk factors for osteoporosis
Genetic, Lifestyle, Nutritional
What does estrogen affect
Promote calcium retention, inhibit PTH
What does calcitonin affect
Inhibit osteoclasts, facilitate osteoblasts
Function of growth hormone
Facilitate osteoblasts, close growth plate
Aspects of Training to Improve Bone Health
Specificity, Overload, Individualization, Reversibility
Medications that cause osteoporosis
Corticosteroids, Anticonvulsants, Thyroid Hormone Replacement, Immunosuppressant Drugs, Warfarin
Proportions of Matrix
25% water, 25% collagen fiber, 50% mineral salts (hydroxyapetite)
Functions of calcium
Clotting, nerve impulse, muscle contractjon
Frequency of gas in red blood cells
Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen
Makeup of Hydroxyapetite
Calcium Phosphate and Calcium Hydroxide
Endochondral Ossification
Growth plate ossification
Intermembranous Ossification
Ossification in flat bones
Catabolism
Break down complex molecules
Anabolism
Build complex molecules
Marrow In Adults
Primarily yellow, red found in epiphyses and short bones
Marrow in Children
Mostly red marrow stored everywhere
Age of Peak Bone Mass
Around 30
Who is most affected by stress reactions/fractures
Young people, athletes
What type of joint is most affected by osteoarthritis
Larger joints, synovial
Three types of medication for osteoporosis
Biphosphonates, Fake Estrogen (Receptor), Estrogen Implant
Osteolysis
Resorption
Osteogenesis
Deposition
Most prevalent osteoporosis age
Elderly above 60
Hyaline Cartilage
Articular cartilage, cartilaginous joint
Dense Connective Tissue
Tendons, ligaments, Fibrous Membrane, Fibrous Joints
Loose Connective Tissue
Synovial Membrane
Fibrocartilage
Absorbs shock, menisci, labrum, intervertebral discs, cartilaginous joint
Characteristics
Metabolism, Responsiveness, Movement, Growth, Reproduction, Differentiation, Respiration, Digestion, Absorption, Circulation, Assimilation, Excretion
Functions of Skeletal System
Support and Protection, Movement, Hematopoiesis, Mineral and Lipid Storage
