Joint Movement

Question 1

Flexion

Answer 1

Bending parts at a joint so that the angle between them decreases and the parts come closer together; bending elbow, bending knee, raising knee

Question 2

Extension

Answer 2

Straightening parts at a joint so that the angle between them increases and the parts move farther apart; straighten elbow, straighten knee

Question 3

Hyperextension

Answer 3

Extension of the parts of a joint beyond the anatomical position; bending head or trunk backward

Question 4

Dorsiflexion

Answer 4

Bending the foot at the ankle toward the shin

Question 5

Plantar Flexion

Answer 5

Bending the foot at the ankle toward the sole

Question 6

Abduction

Answer 6

Moving a part away from the midline; raising arm or leg sideways

Question 7

Adduction

Answer 7

Moving a part toward the midline; lowing arm from sideways raise

Question 8

Rotation

Answer 8

Moving a part around an axis; trunk twisting, neck twisting

Question 9

Medial (Internal) Rotation

Answer 9

Movement around an axis toward the midline; twisting thigh inward, hand to stomach

Question 10

Lateral (External) Rotation

Answer 10

Movement around an axis away from the midline; turning thigh outward, hand from stomach to outwards

Question 11

Circumduction

Answer 11

Moving a part so that its end follows a circular path; arm circles, hip circles

Question 12

Supination

Answer 12

Turning the hand so the palm is upward or turning the sole of the foot inward

Question 13

Pronation

Answer 13

Turning the hand so the palm is downward or turning the foot so that the weight is on the inner edge

Question 14

Eversion

Answer 14

Turning the foot so the sole faces outward

Question 15

Inversion

Answer 15

Turning the foot so the sole faces inward

Question 16

Protraction

Answer 16

Moving a part forward; chin, shoulders

Question 17

Retraction

Answer 17

Moving a part backward; neck, shoulder blades

Question 18

Elevation

Answer 18

Raising a part (shrugging the shoulders)

Question 19

Depression

Answer 19

Lowering a part; lowering shoulders after shrugging them

Question 20

Lateral Flexion

Answer 20

Sidebending at the neck or trunk

Question 21

Opposition

Answer 21

Movement of the thumb towards the palm of the hand or the other fingers