midterm 1 pt 2

Question 1

Which author published the influential pamphlet entitled Common Sense?

Answer 1

Thomas Paine-urged colonist to break away from British rule.

Question 2

Which clause of the Constitution ensures that the courts of one state are required to honor the judgments of the courts of another state?

Answer 2

Full Faith and Credit Clause

Question 3

In which landmark case did the Supreme Court rule that Congress could charter a national bank that could not be taxed by the states?

Answer 3

McCulloch v. Maryland (Necessary and proper clause, Implied powers, Supremacy clause)

Question 4

What is nullification?

Answer 4

Southern States not following laws of the federal government (Unconstitutional)

Question 5

Federalist 10

Answer 5

solution- Large Republic Extended Sphere

Question 6

Federalist 51

Answer 6

Separation of Powers, Checks and Balances

Question 7

Organization of the Constitution:

Preamble:

Answer 7

• Article I: Legislative Branch- Longest
• Article II: Executive Branch
• Article III: Judicial Branch
• Article IV – Relations Among the States/Privileges and Immunities/Admission of New States/Republican Form of Government
• Article V – Procedures for Amending the Constitution
• Article VI – Supreme Law of Land/Oath to Support the Constitution/No Religious Test.
• Article VII – Ratification

Question 8

Enumerated powers

Answer 8

• Article 1 Section 8 specific powers granted to Congress- Limits the power of the Federal Government-understand Necessary and Proper Clause

Question 9

Reserved Powers

Answer 9

• those powers not specifically granted to the Federal Government revert to the States- also see 10th Amendment

Question 10

Gibbons v. Ogden

Answer 10

–in this case the SCOTUS ruled that only the federal government has the power to regulate interstate commerce (Commerce clause/Supremacy clause)

Question 11

The federal government expanded its powers in regulating commerce and noncommercial activities through the decision in

Answer 11

Wickard v. Filburn-The SCOTUS ruled that the federal government has the power to regulate anything having the capability of affecting interstate commerce.

Question 12

Brown v. Board of Education

Answer 12

SCOTUS ruling overturned Plessy v Ferguson (separate but equal), this case decided that separate but equal was unconstitutional and provided for the south to be desegregated.

Question 13

Devolution-

Answer 13

Term coined under the Reagan Administration meaning returning power from the federal government back to the states.

Question 14

Block Grants-

Answer 14

Money issued from the federal government to the states to be used for a general purpose (Ex Education)

Question 15

Categorical Grants-

Answer 15

Money issued from the Federal Government to the states for a specific purpose (Ex New computers in schools)

Question 16

Fiscal federalism:

Answer 16

federal funds used for state programs

Question 17

Bill of Rights

Answer 17

• 1st Ten Amendment to the constitution (their addition ended all organized opposition from the anti-federalists) (were not originally in the constitution) make sure you have a basic understanding of each one of these.

Question 19

Civil Rights Amendments

13th A-

Answer 19

Freed the slaves, outlawed slavery

Question 20

Civil Rights Amendments

14th A-

Answer 20

Equal protection under the law, due process of the law, granted the power

Question 21

Civil Rights Amendments

15th A-

Answer 21

allowed all freemen the right to vote (not women)

Question 22

Amendments that shifted power from the states to the Federal Government

• 16th-
• 17th-
• 18th-

Answer 22

1) income tax
2) Direct election of Senators (originally state legislatures selected)
3) Prohibition

Question 23

New Jersey Plan

Answer 23

The New Jersey Plan was one option as to how the United States would be governed. The Plan called for each state to have one vote in Congress instead of the number of votes being based on population. This was to protect the equality of the states regardless of population size.

The New Jersey Plan was introduced to the Constitutional Convention by William Paterson, a New Jersey delegate, on June 15, 1787.

Question 24

Virginia Plan

Answer 24

The Virginia Plan was created by James Madison but presented to the Constitutional Convention by Edmund Randolph, the governor of Virginia, in 1787. This was a proposal for a new form of government and called for the number of votes each state received in Congress to be based on population rather than each state receiving one vote.

The purpose of the plan was to protect the large states’ interests in the new government, which would be stronger federally than under the Articles of Confederation.

Question 25

Federalism

Question 26

Dual Federalism

Answer 26

“state and national government” if one is responsible for something then the other one has nothing to do with it.

Question 27

Unitary-

Answer 27

central government has all the power is distributes to states or regional authorities

Question 28

Confederal-

Answer 28

system in which the states have the power and are loosely held together by a weak central government