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Archeology > Midterm 1: People of the america and rise of Agriculture > Flashcards

Midterm 1: People of the america and rise of Agriculture Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 theories of peopling the new world?

A

Clovis, Pre clovis, Silurian Hypothesis , Early Arrival

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2
Q

Route of Clovis First

A

From Asia across Beringia through ice free corridor

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3
Q

What time period was Clovis First

A

Pleistocene, 12,000ya

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4
Q

Blackwater Draw, NM

A

Clovis First

1st Discovery of clovis points with megafauna remains 13,000ya

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5
Q

Gault , Texas

A

Clovis First

incised limestone slab, unclear

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6
Q

Problems with Clovis First

A

Should find fluted points earlier in Alaska but don’t

Also timing of the ice free corridor too late

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7
Q

When was pre clovis

A

13,500 +

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8
Q

Route of pre clovis

A

From asia via coastal migration

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9
Q

Monte Verde, Chile

A

Pre clovis
15,000 ya
Settlement with wood and hide tents
organic remains, not clovis, seeds=foraging,coastal resources

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10
Q

What are the problems with pre clovis

A

Meadowcroft: contaminated dates

Coastal migration route: no coastal sites

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11
Q

what time frame was Solutrean Hypothesis

A

15,000-13,000 ya

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12
Q

Route for Solutrean hypothesis

A

European origins

Atlantic “ice edge route

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13
Q

Evidence of Solutrean Hyothesis

A

fluted points similar to European Solutrean

Meadowcroft Rockshelter “Miller Point”

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14
Q

Problem with Solutrean Hypothesis

A

Clovis is 5,000 years later than Solutrean
Dangerous passage require maritime skill
No channel

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15
Q

Time frame for Early Arrival

A

30,000 +

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16
Q

Route for Early Arrival

A

from asia via coastal route

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17
Q

Yana River, Siberia

A

Early Arival
30,000
evidence near Beringa
Megafauna bones and flake tools

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18
Q

Pedra Furada, Brazil

A

Early arrival
48,000-35,000
Burnt earth
simple tools

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19
Q

Genetic evidence for peopling of the America

A

5 clades of native people traced to Siberia

mtDNA traces to Siberia & Mongolia

20
Q

Combined evidence of genetic and linguistic data

A 
Siberian/Asian origin
single migration with group branching
Pre Clovis - 15,000 or earlier
coastal route
mixed hunters and foragers
21
Q

Where did the rise of agriculture happen

A

middle east

22
Q

When did the rise of agriculture

A

Neolithic revolution

23
Q

Transition to farming impacts

A

Diet- food groups
Health and disease
physical activity

24
Q

Triggers of domestication

A

Climate change

population growth - feedback loop

25
Q

The middle east is known as

A

the fertile crescent

26
Q

Kebaran Period years and characteristics

A

25,000-15,000 ya
No domestication
short stay camps and hunter gathers

27
Q

Ohalo, Israel

A

Seasonal camp 20,000 ya
Flotation shows wild wheat
huts and hearths
Kebaran

28
Q

What are the periods of domestication of the middle east

A

Kebaran, Natufan, Early Neolithic, Late Neolithic

29
Q

Years for Natufan and characteristics

A

15,000-12,000ya
1st Architecture
People settle and form groups before inventing agriculture
dog domestication

30
Q

Natufan technological innovations

A

Lunates: composite and sickles

Grinding stones

31
Q

Hilazon Tachtit, Israel

A

REligion
cave burial
disabled elderly, shaman human foot
Natufan

32
Q

Gobekli Tepe, Turkey

A 
Natufan 
11,600 ya 
No habitation 
Religious pilgramege
Limestone pillar rings
33
Q

Years for Early Neolithic

A

12,000 - 8,500 ya

34
Q

Impact of younger dryas on early Neolithic

A

little ice age
single human generation
cultural development impact
habitable areas reduced

35
Q

PPNA

A 
Pre pottery Neolithic A
During younger dryas
12,000-11,000 ya 
communal buildings
large villages
no domestication
36
Q

PPNB

A 
Pre pottery Neolithic B
After younger dryas 
11,000 - 8,500ya 
Domestication of animals and plants 
crowded organized settlements
37
Q

types of tools in the PPNA

A

Blades and arrowheads

38
Q

Jerf el Ahmar, Syria

A

PPNA

communal architecture and no domestication

39
Q

Late Neolithic years and characteristics

A

8,500 - 7,000

Villages collapse

40
Q

Domestication in Central Amercia

A

Archaic period

Late Archaic

41
Q

Characteristics and years for Archaic

A

9,000-4,000ya
plestocene resources vanish
Holocene warming

42
Q

Tehuacan Valley,

A

cave in mexico
Archaic
change in corn from wild to domesticated

43
Q

years for Late Archaic

A

4,000-1,000ya

44
Q

Cerro juanquena north mexico

A

500 lines terraces

storage pits

45
Q

Paleoindian period

A

14,000-9,000 ya

big game hunters

Archeology (4 decks)

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