Midterm 1: Homin Origins and Upper paleolithic Flashcards
Hominin
members of human lineage after split with chimpanzee lineage
What is a human culturally and physically
complex thought and symbolism
large brains and bipedalism
What do the hominin fossils show
larger rounder brain case
shrinking jaw
bipedalism
Where was hominin origins
Africa
Sahelanthropus tchadensis
7mya Chad
Mix of ape like and human
Long arms and bipedalism
Ardipithicus Ramidus
SITE: ARAMIS, ETHIOPIA
4.5 may
Human features: small molars foramen magnum forward
Hominin Radiation
4.5mya- 2mya
increase in hominin species
bipedalism, small canines, and large cranium than ape
Australopithicus
Lucy: Hadar, ethiopia….60% complete….fully bipedal
Laetoli…..side by side footprints
Homo Habilis
more gracile
2.5-1.6mya
East and South Africa
oldest member of genus homo
Homo Erectus
(Out of Africa)
1.9 mya - 45,000ya
Time period for Lower Paleolithic
2.5mya- 200,000
How are tools made?
Flint-Knapping
What is flint-knapping?
You got your CORE : which is the material being struck
Then your FLAKE which is the material being struck by the core
The method is called PERCUSSION
What is the earliest tool type? And what year?
Oldowan tools 2.5 mya
Acheulian Tools
1.7mya -200,000
Bifacial hand axes
Homo erectus
Pleistocene
Ice Age
Differences of the SKULL from Neanderthals and Homo Sapiens
elongated rather than rounded
occipital bun
sloping forehead
prongnathic nose and brow
Differences of BODY from Neanderthals and Homo Sapiens
muscular
shorter
bowed legs
large rib cage
What caused the physical trait differences between Neanderthals and homo sapiens
Cold weather adaption
Neanderthal language ability
Hyoid bone
Hypoglossal canal & nerve (movement of tongue)
FOXP2: speech articulation gene
KEBARA CAVE, Israel: skeleton with intact hyoid bone
Le Cotte de St. Berlade
English channel
organized hunting
mammoths and rhinos
stampede
Shanidar Cave, Iraq
Flower pollen, Adult cave burial in pit
characteristic of Aurignacian
nomadic
diverse tools
symbolism and art
Aurignacian jewelry
Beads
- animal teeth
- ivory
- shell
The lion man
Mobilary Art
aurignacian period
holenstein, Germany
Chauvet, Cave
oldest European cave
38,000-33,000 years ago
Characteristic of Gravettian period
26,000-23,000 years ago Homo sapiens only tools= increased hunting Venus figurines formal burials
Gravettian tools
Atlatl
bow and arrow
Kostenski, Russia
SETTLEMENTS
mammouth bone/fur
storage pit
Sungir, Eastern Europe
BURIALS
child buried with grave goods
show inherited social status
Venus Figurines meaning
Erotica
self portrait
great goddess/fertility cult
marriage exchanges/regional group
Venus figurines
idealized and not realistic
stone, bone, ivory, clay
Characteristic of the Magdalenian
20,000 - 11,000 years ago
Last Ice age advance
Intensification of previous trends
The recently discovered Homo nailed fossils
have not accurately been dated yet
reveal evidence of mosaic species some traits australopithecus and other homo sapien