Midterm 1 Part 3 Flashcards
maintenance energy requirement (MER) meets the needs for what 4 things?
- maintenance of basal metabolic rate
- maintenance of normal body temperature
- recovery from normal activity
- obtaining, digesting, and assimilating food
define metabolizable energy
metabolizable energy is the energy available to the animal, the net energy after subtracting the losses from feces and urine
things like calculating MER, equations, and tables provide rough estimates to recommend ________
initial food intake! you can make modifications after minitoring the patient response
treats should not be more than ____% of the total caloric intake
10
a client tells you they are using vitamin and mineral supplements. what do you tell them?
to STOP using them because adding additional supplements can cause an imbalance between certain vitamins and minerals. the dog or cat food has all the vitamins and minerals that your dog/cat needs!
what is one key difference between the nutrient requirements in adult dogs vs geriatric/senior dogs
geriatric dogs need 50% more protein to maintain muscle mass than young dogs so restricted protein diets may not be appropriate for geriatric dogs
what are some unique nutrient requirements of adult cats?
- they have a high protein requirement (30% of calories)
- absolute requirement for taurine and arginine
- cannot make arachadonic acid so they need animal fat sources
- cannot make vitamin D as well
- can’t convert carotene to vit A
- can’t convert tryptophan to niacin
what is the general estimated kCal requirement for adult cats?
50 to 80 kcal of ME/kg/day
true or false: ad lib feeding is more appropriate for cats compared to dogs
true! some cats still do well with meal feeding though
true or false: once a cat gets older (assuming it has no underlying health conditions), you should change their diet to a senior food
false! there is no reason to alter diet in healthy older cats. you can maintain energy intake at a level that results in optimal body condition
when giving feeding recommendations to clients, what are some things to remember?
be very clear and specific! recommend a complete and balanced commercial ration, identify specific products including brand name, flavor, and form (canned vs dry), provide several choices for them to choose from, and tell them the exact amount to be fed. lastly, provide written instructions and put it in the medical record
puppies and kittens have an increased requirement for all nutrients during growth. what are the nutrients of primary concern?
energy, protein, and calcium/phosphorus
puppies usually reach 50 to 60% of mature weight at what age?
5 to 6 months
what are some components of an ideal diet for a puppy during the rapid growth phases?
energy and protein dense, easily digestible, complete and balanced (calcium and phorphorus particularily important)
true or false: most nutritionists prefer canned foods for puppies
false, most perfer dry foods and canned are usually only used for small breeds and problem eaters
true or false, you should keep puppies in optimal or slightly overweight body condition
false! you should keep them in optimal or slightly thin body condition
true or false: never use vitamin or mineral supplements with puppy rations
true
why is feeding puppies ad lubitum not recommended?
it is dangerous to overfeed growing puppies and maximal growth is not necessarily optimal: obese puppies more likely to be obese as adults and overnutrition can cause skeletal disease like hip dysplasia and others
why must large breed puppies be fed carefully?
excessive energy intake can promote growth that is too fast
how is the Ca/P ratio different in large breed puppy food compared to regular puppy food?
it will usually have less Ca/P since too much calcium/phosphate can cause fast growth
what can happen if the calcium content is too high in large breed puppy food?
it is associated with bone pathology, hypertrphic osteodystrophy, and poor conformation
what are essential aspects of a kitten food?
energy and protein dense, highly digestible, taurine essential, calcium and phosphorus balanced
what is the difference between puppy and kitten protein requirements?
kittens have higher protein requirements than puppies and it increases with age in kittens more than in puppies
how long should kittens be fed kitten food for?
6 months
true or false: kittens are less likely to over eat with ad lubitum than puppies
true
most kittens are ____% of adult size by what age?
75, 6 months
what two things should you calculate when you’re having to feed neonatal puppies or kittens?
energy AND protein, some milk replacers don’t have enough protein
commercial milk replacers for puppies and kittens are better than cows milk, goats milk, or homemade recipes. what is an example of one puppy product and one kitten product
puppies: Esbilac
kittens: KMR
why is cow’s milk or goat’s milk not adequate to replace bitch or queen milk?
bitch and queen milk has MUCH higher energy content compared to cow and goat’s milk, so a puppy or kitten would have to drink a TON of cow/goat milk to meet requirements
what are some general rules to follow when making feeding recommendations for orphaned/neonatal puppies and kittens?
feed warmed forumula every 4 hours , use a stomach tube is neccessary, weigh the neonates daily, choose a milk replacer and be consistent (don’t handle change well), be certain energy AND protein requirements are met
when should you start transitioning orphaned puppies and kittens from milk replacer to commercial food?
as early as 2 weeks mixed in with the milk replacer and slowly transition them
formula and gruel can be fed from flat dishes at 3 weeks
weaned at 4-5 weeks
