Midterm 1 Part 3

Question 1

maintenance energy requirement (MER) meets the needs for what 4 things?

Answer 1

• maintenance of basal metabolic rate
• maintenance of normal body temperature
• recovery from normal activity
• obtaining, digesting, and assimilating food

Question 2

define metabolizable energy

Answer 2

metabolizable energy is the energy available to the animal, the net energy after subtracting the losses from feces and urine

Question 3

things like calculating MER, equations, and tables provide rough estimates to recommend ________

Answer 3

initial food intake! you can make modifications after minitoring the patient response

Question 4

treats should not be more than ____% of the total caloric intake

Answer 4

10

Question 5

a client tells you they are using vitamin and mineral supplements. what do you tell them?

Answer 5

to STOP using them because adding additional supplements can cause an imbalance between certain vitamins and minerals. the dog or cat food has all the vitamins and minerals that your dog/cat needs!

Question 6

what is one key difference between the nutrient requirements in adult dogs vs geriatric/senior dogs

Answer 6

geriatric dogs need 50% more protein to maintain muscle mass than young dogs so restricted protein diets may not be appropriate for geriatric dogs

Question 7

what are some unique nutrient requirements of adult cats?

Answer 7

• they have a high protein requirement (30% of calories)
• absolute requirement for taurine and arginine
• cannot make arachadonic acid so they need animal fat sources
• cannot make vitamin D as well
• can’t convert carotene to vit A
• can’t convert tryptophan to niacin

Question 8

what is the general estimated kCal requirement for adult cats?

Answer 8

50 to 80 kcal of ME/kg/day

Question 9

true or false: ad lib feeding is more appropriate for cats compared to dogs

Answer 9

true! some cats still do well with meal feeding though

Question 10

true or false: once a cat gets older (assuming it has no underlying health conditions), you should change their diet to a senior food

Answer 10

false! there is no reason to alter diet in healthy older cats. you can maintain energy intake at a level that results in optimal body condition

Question 11

when giving feeding recommendations to clients, what are some things to remember?

Answer 11

be very clear and specific! recommend a complete and balanced commercial ration, identify specific products including brand name, flavor, and form (canned vs dry), provide several choices for them to choose from, and tell them the exact amount to be fed. lastly, provide written instructions and put it in the medical record

Question 12

puppies and kittens have an increased requirement for all nutrients during growth. what are the nutrients of primary concern?

Answer 12

energy, protein, and calcium/phosphorus

Question 13

puppies usually reach 50 to 60% of mature weight at what age?

Answer 13

5 to 6 months

Question 14

what are some components of an ideal diet for a puppy during the rapid growth phases?

Answer 14

energy and protein dense, easily digestible, complete and balanced (calcium and phorphorus particularily important)

Question 15

true or false: most nutritionists prefer canned foods for puppies

Answer 15

false, most perfer dry foods and canned are usually only used for small breeds and problem eaters

Question 16

true or false, you should keep puppies in optimal or slightly overweight body condition

Answer 16

false! you should keep them in optimal or slightly thin body condition

Question 17

true or false: never use vitamin or mineral supplements with puppy rations

Answer 17

true

Question 18

why is feeding puppies ad lubitum not recommended?

Answer 18

it is dangerous to overfeed growing puppies and maximal growth is not necessarily optimal: obese puppies more likely to be obese as adults and overnutrition can cause skeletal disease like hip dysplasia and others

Question 19

why must large breed puppies be fed carefully?

Answer 19

excessive energy intake can promote growth that is too fast

Question 20

how is the Ca/P ratio different in large breed puppy food compared to regular puppy food?

Answer 20

it will usually have less Ca/P since too much calcium/phosphate can cause fast growth

Question 21

what can happen if the calcium content is too high in large breed puppy food?

Answer 21

it is associated with bone pathology, hypertrphic osteodystrophy, and poor conformation

Question 22

what are essential aspects of a kitten food?

Answer 22

energy and protein dense, highly digestible, taurine essential, calcium and phosphorus balanced

Question 23

what is the difference between puppy and kitten protein requirements?

Answer 23

kittens have higher protein requirements than puppies and it increases with age in kittens more than in puppies

Question 24

how long should kittens be fed kitten food for?

Answer 24

6 months

Question 25

true or false: kittens are less likely to over eat with ad lubitum than puppies

Answer 25

true

Question 26

most kittens are ____% of adult size by what age?

Answer 26

75, 6 months

Question 27

what two things should you calculate when you’re having to feed neonatal puppies or kittens?

Answer 27

energy AND protein, some milk replacers don’t have enough protein

Question 28

commercial milk replacers for puppies and kittens are better than cows milk, goats milk, or homemade recipes. what is an example of one puppy product and one kitten product

Answer 28

puppies: Esbilac
kittens: KMR

Question 29

why is cow’s milk or goat’s milk not adequate to replace bitch or queen milk?

Answer 29

bitch and queen milk has MUCH higher energy content compared to cow and goat’s milk, so a puppy or kitten would have to drink a TON of cow/goat milk to meet requirements

Question 30

what are some general rules to follow when making feeding recommendations for orphaned/neonatal puppies and kittens?

Answer 30

feed warmed forumula every 4 hours , use a stomach tube is neccessary, weigh the neonates daily, choose a milk replacer and be consistent (don’t handle change well), be certain energy AND protein requirements are met

Question 31

when should you start transitioning orphaned puppies and kittens from milk replacer to commercial food?

Answer 31

as early as 2 weeks mixed in with the milk replacer and slowly transition them
formula and gruel can be fed from flat dishes at 3 weeks
weaned at 4-5 weeks